Aiwa, Havana Kukonzera Chirwere Chekutengesa. Heino Izvo Zvakaitwa
Basa muHome Mortgage Market
Fannie naFreddie vaiva masangano anotsigirwa nehurumende.
Zvaireva kuti vaifanira kukwikwidzana, sekambani yega, uye kuchengetedza mutengo wavo. Panguva imwecheteyo, hurumende yehurumende yakajekesa zvakanakira kukosha kwezvikwereti zvavakadzorerwa pamusika wechipiri. Izvozvo zvakaita kuti vawane mari shoma kuti vatsigire zvikwereti zvavo kana zvichirasikirwa. Somugumisiro, Fannie naFreddie vakamanikidzwa kuisa pangozi yekuva nemari. Vaizivawo kuti havangatambudzi nemigumisiro kana zvinhu zvakashandurwa kumaodzanyemba.
Hurumende yakavaisa nenzira ino kuvabvumira kutenga zvikwereti zvakakodzera kubva kumabhangi , kuvatsigira, uye kuvashambadzira kune vatengesi. Mabhangi akashandisa mari iyi kuti iite zvitsva zvitsva. Kwemakore ose aya, Fannie naFreddie vakatsigira hafu yezvikwereti zvitsva zvitsva zvakabudiswa gore negore. Pakazosvika December 2007, apo mabhengi akatanga kutora chikwereti chavo, vakabata 90 muzana yemari yose.
Basa Mukurwisana Neimba
Mitemo yehurumende inorambidzwa Fannie naFreddie kubva pakutenga zvikwereti zvakanyanya.
Asi sezvo mutengesi wekwereti wakashanduka, ndizvo zvakaitawo bhizinesi ravo.
Pakazosvika 2005-2007, vakawana zvikwereti zvitsva, zvekubhadhara zvikwereti zvine 20% pasi. Vakatakurwa pa subprime , kufarira-chete , kana kusagadzikana kwechikwereti mari. Izvo zvakanga zviri zvikwata zvemabhengi ehurumende uye zvikwereti zvisingatenderwi zvekutengesa vatengesi zvakabudiswa.
Fannie naFreddie vakaita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuburikidza nokushandisa kwavo zvigadzirwa kuti vawane chido chekuda kwemahofisi avo. Asi sevamwe vekambani makambani ane vagovhani kufadza, ivo vari kuita izvi kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana nemamwe mabhengi. Vose vakanga vachiita chinhu chimwe chete.
Fannie Mae akawana chikwereti ichi:
- 62% maitiro asina kunaka
- 84% ruzivo chete
- 58% subprime
- 62% inoda kudarika 10% yekubhadhara mari.
Freddie Mac's zvikwereti zvaive zvakanyanya kuipa, zvinosanganisira:
- 72% maitiro asina kunaka
- 97% chido chete
- 67% subprime
- 68% inoda kudarika 10% yekubhadhara mari.
Izvi zvikwereti zvekare uye zvisiri pasi zvakaita kuti Fannie naFreddie vashandise zvikwereti zvinotyisa.
Fannie naFreddie Vakachengetwa Vashomanana Mibairo Inotyisa kupfuura MaBhanki Makuru
Mitemo yakagutsikana kuti Fannie naFreddie vakatora zvishomanana zvezvikwereti kupfuura mabhanji akawanda. Vakatora zvimwe zvezvikwereti kuti varambe vachiita mari mumakwikwi emakwikwi.
Muna 2005, Senate yakatsigira mushumo waivadzivisa kuchengetedza zvikwereti zvekubhadhara mari . Congress inoda kuderedza ngozi kune hurumende. Pamwe chete, maGSEs maviri ane kana kuti akachengetedza $ 5.5 trillion ye $ 11.2 trillion mortgage market.
Asi sangano reSenate rakakundikana, uye Fannie naFreddie vakawedzera kubhadhara zvikwereti.
Vaizoita mari yakawanda kubva kune chikwereti chekukwereta kwezvikwereti kudarika kubva kune mari yavanowana kubva pakutengesa zvikwereti. Zvakare, vakanga vachitsvaka kuchengetedza mitengo yepamusoro yemitengo mumakwikwi emakwikwi akawanda.
Sevashandi vehurumende-vanotsigirwa nehurumende, Fannie naFreddie vakatora njodzi yakawanda kupfuura yavanofanira kuva nayo. Havana kudzivirira vateresi avo pakupedzisira vaifanira kutora kurasikirwa kwavo. Asi hazvina kukonzera kupera kweimba. Havana kuwedzera mumusika nezvikwereti zvekare. Pane kudaro, vakanga vari chikonzero, kwete chikonzero, chekutambura kwemari.
Derivatives Anobatsira Chikonzero Fannie's Downfall
Pakazosvika 2007, 17 muzana chete yepodfolio yavo yaiva subprime kana Alt-A chikwereti. Asi zvivako zveimba zvakaderera, uye vimba vepamba vakatanga kutadza. Somugumisiro, ichi chikamu chiduku chezvikwereti zvepa subprime zvakapa 50 muzana ye kurasikirwa.
SevaGSEs, Fannie naFreddie vakanga vasina kudikanwa kubvisa hukuru hwekwereti yavo yekwereti nemari yakakwana kubva kuzvitoro zvekutengesa kuti vaifukidze. Izvo zvaive chikonzero chezvose zvavaiita kuti vashandise uye basa rekuti zvikwereti zvavo zvaive zvivimbiso. Pane kudaro, vakashandisa zvigadziriswa kuti vawane chikwata-chengetedza ngozi yezvikwata zvavo. Apo kukosha kwezvivako zvakakundwa, ndizvo zvakaitawo kukwanisa kwavo kuvimbisa zvikwereti.
Izvi zvakasununguka kune zvigadzirwa zvakaratidza kuputsika kwavo, sezvakaitwa kumabhenji mazhinji. Sezvo dzimba dzeimba dzikawa, kunyange vakwereta vakakodzera vakaguma vachikwereta kupfuura imba yakakodzera. Kana vaida kutengesa imba nechikonzero chero chipi zvacho, vaizosarasikirwa mari shoma nekubvumira bhangi kuti rimbotarisa. Vanokweretesa muzvinyorwa zvisina kunaka uye chikwereti-chikwereti bedzi chakanga chakaipa zvikuru.
Kuparadzanisa Fannie naFreddie Vaizoparadzira Imba yeMari
Vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika vanoronga kuparadza Fannie naFreddie. Vamwe vanotaura kuti United States inofanirwa kuEurope kuburikidza nekushandisa zvibvumirano zvekubhadhara mari yakawanda yemari yekumba. Nezvisungo zvakaputika, mabhangi anochengetedza chikwereti chekwereti pamisha yavo yekudzimba. Vanotengesa zvisungo zvakatsigirwa nezvikwereti kune vamwe kunze kwevatengesi. Izvo zvinovabvumira kuti vabhadhara chikwereti chekuda kwehuwandu.
Chii chaizoitika kana Congress yakapedza Fannie naFreddie? Zvinoderedza zvinoshamisa kuwanikwa kwezvikwereti uye kuwedzera mari. Mabhanki anotsungira kubhadhara zvikwereti zvisingavimbiswi. Mari inotora chikwereti inogona kuenderera mberi kusvika 9-10 kubva muzana. Zvikwereti zvinotora zvishoma uye zvinodhura. Imba yemuUnited States yaizoputsika.