Fannie Mae chii? (FNMA)

Nzira mbiri Dzakakosha Fannie Mae Anobatsira Iwe

Fannie Mae ndiye Federal National Mortgage Association. Icho chaimbova bhizimisi rakabhadharwa nehurumende iri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweState Housing Finance Agency. Dhipatimendi reUnited States reMarivha inoshandisa mashizha ayo ose akakurumbira. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti zvikwereti zvose zveFNMA zvinosvika kuHurumende yeUnited States. Vashandi vanogona kugona kutenga mashizha anowanikwa pamwe chete nejunior inoshandiswa. Kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira hakuvabvumi kuti vabhadhara zvikamu.

Vashandi vanovimba rimwe zuva hurumende inogumisa kuchengetedza. Izvo hazvigoneki.

Zvinoita

Fannie Mae anotenga mari kubva kumabhangi, vatengesi vemari, uye zvikwereti zvemari. Izvo zvinopa mabhengi mari kuita zvikwereti zvakawanda. Inoshandurawo mukana wekutadza kubva kubhangi kuenda kuna Fannie Mae.

Fannie ipapo mapepaji akafanana nemhando dzezvikwereti muzvikwereti zvakabhadharwa . Inotengesa zvikwereti kuvarimi. Izvi zvinosanganisira mari yehedge, mari yepensheni, mamwe mabhangi, uye kunyange vamwe vanoita mari.

Fannie Mae anoenderera mberi achiva nemari yekunamatira. Inobhadhara varimi mugove wavo wakatarwa wekubhadhara chikwereti chemwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Icho chinosanganisira zvose zvinyorwa uye kufarira. I Federal Reserve Bank yeNew York inobhadhara mari kuburikidza neseri kutengesa.

Fannie Mae anovimbisa kubhadhara . Asi vatengesi vanotsigira zvitatu.

1. Muridzi weimba aigona kubhadhara chikwereti. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti mubhadhari anogamuchira zvishoma kudarika zvaaifunga pakutanga.

1. Kana zvikwereti zvikawira, saka vagari veimba vachagadziridza. Mukudaro, ivo vachabhadhara chikwereti. Kuwisira kufarira kwekuderera kuchaderedza kukosha kweBMS.
2. Anokwereta angasafa. Zvisinei, Fannie Mae anovimbisa kubhadhara, saka mutyairi haaine ngozi iyo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana vakawanda vakwereta vasina kukwana, zvinogona kunge zvisingakwanise kufambisa Fannie Mae kukwanisa kubhadhara nguva yakakodzera.

Fannie Mae anopawo mari yekuvandudza imba inodhura yekubhadhara.

Chimwe chikamu chemapato echikwata chaFennie Mae anofanira kushumira mhuri dzepasi uye dzisinganzwisisiki.

Nhoroondo

FNMA yakaumbwa muna 1938 kuti iise imwe yechikwata chekutengesa mari yechikwata chezvikwereti zvinotsigirwa neFederal Housing Administration. Muna 1968, Fannie Mae akazova kambani inobhadhara chikwereti chaigona kutenga chero chikwereti, kwete chete avo vanovimbiswa nehurumende. Yakanga yakanyorwa kunyange kuNew York Stock Exchange .

The subprime mortgage crisis yakapera simba reFNMA kukwanisa kuvimbisa zvikwereti zvose zvakaipa. Mushure mokunge vashandi vakawanda uye vachiedza kuchengetedza FNMA solvent, hurumende yehurumende yakasimbisa kambani. Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac vakaderedzwa ne subprime mortgage crisis .

Musi waJuly 8, 2010, Fannie Mae akazivisa sarudzo dzayo dzakasarudzwa uye dzakajairika dzaizotengeserana neOTC Bulletin Board, panzvimbo yeNew York Stock Exchange uye Chicago Chicago.

Iyo Inoshusha Sei Mari yeUnited States

Pamberi penjodzi, Fannie Mae akatsigira misika yemumba, iyo yakaumba 10 muzana yehupfumi . Izvo zvakagadzira pfuma kune vimba vepamba vanozogona kuwana dzimba dzepamusoro-dzimba. Fannie Mae akabvumirawo mhuri dzakaderera uye dzisinganzwisisiki dzemari kuti dziwane mari yemari pasi pavo, uye hupenyu huri nani, nenzira yeimba yega.

Fannie Mae akabatanidzwa mumatambudziko, asi haana kukonzera. The MBS yakadzoserwa mabhangi sekutora chikwereti chikwereti . Idzi idzi dzaitora MBS dzikadzikisa muzvimedu . Semuenzaniso, vanoisa zvose pasi-kubhadhara chikwereti mune imwe tsanga. Vashandi vaida mari shomanana vakatenga avo. Vamwe vakatenga chikwereti chakanaka.

Aya maMCM akavimbiswa nekwereti swaps . Apo dzimba dzekutengesa dzakatanga kuwira muna 2006, hapana munhu aiziva kuti CMOs dzaikosha. AIG yaisagona kubhadhara yose yaCDS yaive yatapa. Vanhu vazhinji vakafunga kuti Fannie naFreddie vakakonzera subprime mortgage crisis . Asi, chaizvoizvo, zvakanga zviri zvivako izvi.

Kubva pane dambudziko, Fannie Mae akachengetedza mhizha yehupfumi pamutsigiro wehupenyu. Kubva muna 2010, dzimba dzichigadzira 2 muzana yehupfumi. Fannie Mae uye mumwe aimbova mumiririri wehurumende, Freddie Mac , iye zvino anovimbisa 90 muzana yezvose zvikwereti.

Mune mamwe mazwi, mabhangi (ayo aimbova anokwereta kune anenge munhu wese ane hurumende) iye zvino haazokwereti ani zvake asina gwaro rehurumende.

Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe

Fannie Mae anokubatsira nenzira mbiri:

1. Kana uri muridzi weimba, zvino Fannie Mae anobatsira kuchengetedza chikwereti mari shoma nekuita mari yekubhadhara mari yakawanda nyore nyore.
2. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuva semhuri yakadzika kana inonyorera, semudzidzisi, mapurisa, mudzidzi wemoto kana mushandi wehutano, Fannie Mae achakupa chikwereti chausingakwanise kuwana.

Future Fannie Mae

Vashandi veFNMA vakakumbira White House kuti vaite Fannie naFreddie vari voga zvakare. Vakaona kuti mbiri idzi dzakanaka mune zvebhizimisi. Vashandi vemazuva anotevera vaizogona kudzokera zvakanaka pamari yekuda mari kana vaviri ava vari voga.

Kune vazhinji muCongress avo vanoda kuda kuparadza Fannie naFreddie. Vanozviona sehurumende isingawaniki inopindira mumusika weimba. (Mhedziso: "Chimiro Cheo kuna Fannie, Freddie," The Wall Street Journal , Gumiguru 20, 2015.)