Maitiro Avakaita Izvo Zvose Zvokugara uye Bust
Chinoti chikamu chechikwata chezvikwereti. Iko inokubvumira kuisa mari muchikamu chacho nematambudziko akafanana nemubairo. Tranche ishoko rechiFrench chekamu.
Bhengi bundle mortgages kuti vadzoswe pamusika wechipiri. Iko kunonzi kuchengetedzwa kwekwereti-backed backed . Zvikwata zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa nehuwandu hwekugadzirisa mari . Chimwe chikwereti chinotora chikwereti chakasiyana nemari yezvikwereti panguva dzakasiyana. Anokwereta anobhadhara "teaser" pasi-inotora mutengo wemakore matatu ekutanga uye mazinga akapfuura mushure meizvozvo.
Dambudziko rekusiyiwa rakaderera iri duku mumakore matatu ekutanga kubva pahuwandu huri pasi. Mushure mokudaro, njodzi yekusiyiwa yakakwirira. Izvozvo ndezvokuti matanho anokwira, achiita kuti anodhura. Uyezve, vateresi vakawanda vanotarisira kuti vatengese imba kana kugadziriswa negore rechina.
Vamwe vanotengesa MBS vangada kuva nenjodzi yakaderera uye yakaderera. Vamwe vangada kuva nehuwandu hwepamusoro mukudzoka kwehuwandu hwemungozi. Mabhangi akacheka matanho acho muzvikamu kuti asangane nevanoita mari yakasiyana-siyana. Vanotsanangurira makore akaderera-panjodzi mumutengo wakaderera, uye makore akawandisa mumutengo wepamusoro. Imba imwe chete yaigona kutambanudzirwa kune dzimwe nhanhatu.
Mienzaniso
Iyo mafirimu The Big Short inopa mienzaniso inofadza yekuti zvigaro zvakashanda sei semutambo weJenga. Inotsanangura kuti sei Brownfield Fund yakaita mari kuburikidza nekuderera kweAA tranches ye MBS.
Nhoroondo
Muma1970, Fannie Mae naFreddie Mac vakagadzira chikwereti chekubhadhara mari.
Chokutanga, vakatenga chikwereti kubva kubhangi. Izvo zvakasunungura bhanhire kuti riite zvimwe zvikwereti uye rakabvumira vanhu vakawanda kuva vimba.
Muna 1999, nyika yakachengeteka uye inozivikanwa yebhangi yakachinja nokusingaperi. Congress yakadzura Glass-Steagall Act . Nenguva isipi, mabhenji aigona kuva nemari yehuta uye kuisa mune zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa .
Mumakwikwi emabhizimisi ekukwikwidzana, avo vane zvikwereti zvakaoma zvemari vakaita mari yakawanda. Vakatenga mabhangi maduku, akadzivirira. Nhepfenyuro yemari uye dzimba dzakaderedza hupfumi hweUnited States kusvika muna 2007.
kubva pakukosha kwayo. Icho chigadzirwa chemari chine kukosha kwaro kusinganzwisisiki kuburikidza nekukosha kwezvikwereti zvinotsigira kuchengeteka. Kukosha ikoko kwakagadzirirwa nekombiyuta muenzaniso.
Vadzidzi vekoroji avo vakagadzira aya makombiyuta vaizivikanwa sean jocks. Vakanyora mapurogiramu emakombiyuta akatarisa kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwemari-backed.
Musika waibhadharwa mabhengi akaita zvikwereti zvakanyanya zvikuru zvemari. Mabhenji anobhadhara mari yakawanda iyo yakagadzira mhando yepamakombiyuta yakaisvonaka. Vakapatsanura kuchengetedzwa kwekwereti-backed muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Vakarongedza sendika imwe neimwe kusvika kune zvakasiyana-siyana mumutengo wekugadzirisa. Izvo zvivimbiso zvakava zvakaoma zvikuru zvokuti vatengi vaisagona kutarisa zvavanokosha. Pane kudaro, vaivimba neukama hwavo nebhangi vachitengesa tsvina. Bhizinesi rakatsigirwa nehock yakawanda uye yemakombiyuta.
Ngozi
Iko kufungidzira kunotungamirirwa nemakombiyuta ose ndeyekuti dzimba dzeimba dzaigara dzichikwira. Icho chaive chivimbo chakachengeteka kusvika muna 2006.
Apo matengo emisha akadonha, ndizvo zvakaitawo kukosha kwezvigaro, kubhadhara-kuchengetedzwa kwakachengetedzwa, uye hupfumi.
Apo dzimba dzeimba dzakapera, hapana munhu aiziva kukosha kwezvigaro. Zvaireva kuti hapana munhu aigona kutengesa mari yekuchengetedza mari.
Imusika wechipiri yakasunungura mabhenji kubva kuunganidzwa pane zvikwereti kana zvikaitika. Vakanga vatengesa kune vamwe varimi. Somugumisiro, mabanki haana kurangwa nekuomerera kune zvinokwereta zvikwereti. Vakakwereta chikwereti kune vakwereta vane mashoma chikoro chikoro. Izvi zvikwereti zvepa subprime zvakasungirirwa uye zvakadzoserwa sechikamu chetsika yakakwirira. Vashandi vaida mari yakawanda vakadzoka. Mukati yekuita mari yakawanda, havana kuziva kuti pane mukana wakanaka wekuti chikwereti chaisazobhadharwa. Nhengo dzekodzero dzekwereti, seStart & Poor's , dzakaita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere.
Vakaronga zvimwe zvezvikamu izvi zveAAA, kunyange zvazvo vaive ne-sub-prime mortgages mavari.
Vashandi vaivewo vakagadzikana nokutenga zvivimbiso, zvinonzi chikwereti swaps . Makambani anovimbika ehushuwarisi, akafanana neAIG , akatengesa inshuwarisi pamitambo ine ngozi sezvainoita chero ipi zvayo yechipurisi. Asi AIG haana kufunga kuti zvikwereti zvose zvaizoenda kumaodzanyemba panguva imwe chete. Iyo inshuwarheni yakanga isina mari iripo kuti ibhadhara chikwereti chose swa swaps. Sangano reFederal Reserve rakariita kuti rirege kuendesa mari.