Subprime Mortgage Crisis, Itsva Yaro uye Chiitiko

by Kimberly Amadeo

Tevera Nguva Yezviitiko Sezvavakaitika

The subprime mortgage crisis yakaitika apo mabhangi akatengesa mabheji akawanda kuti adzorere chido chekuchengetedza mari . Apo matengo emusha akawira muna 2006, zvakakonzera kusafa . Ngozi inopararira muhutano hwemari , mari yepensheni nemakambani avo vane zviwanikwa izvi. Izvo zvakaita kuti pave nematambudziko ekubhengi e2007, dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 uye yakaipisisa zvikuru kubva kuGreat Depression .

Heino mhedziso yemazuva ekutanga kwezviratidzo zvekuchenesa muna 2003 kusvika pakuputsika kwemusika wekumba muna 2006. Ramba uchiverenga kuti unzwisise ukama huri pakati pezvikwereti , zvivako pamwe nehupfumi hwose.

01 February 21, 2003: Buffett Inonyevera Zvombo Zvemari zveMisa Kuparadza

Nyevero yekutanga yenjodzi yekuchengetwa kwemari yakabhadharwa uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakasvika musi waFebruary 21, 2003. Ndiyo apo Warren Buffett akanyorera vagovani vake, "Zvisinei, maonero edu, zvakadaro, zvigadzirwa ndezvombo zvemari zvekuparadza mashoma, kutakura njodzi iyo, panguva ikozvino inopera, inogona kuuraya. "(Sources: Ron Hera," Yeukai Nezvokugara, Ichokwadi Chaicho Chinokonzera Matambudziko Kwaive neOTC Derivatives, "Business Insider, Chivabvu 11, 2010." 25 Vanhu Vanokonzera Mari Dambudziko, Time Magazine.)

02 Chikunguru 2004-June 2006: Nheyo dzeHurumende dzakasimudzirwa

Pakazosvika June 2004, matengo emba akanga achiwedzera. Sangano reState Reserve Reserve, Alan Greenspan, rakatanga kusimudzira mitengo yekunakidza kumusika. IFed yakasimudza mari yakadyidzana yakawanda kanomwe, ichienda kusvika ku25,25 muzana munaDecember 2004. Yakasimudza katatu muna 2005, ikasimudza zvikamu zviviri zvakakwana kusvika ku425 kubva muna December 2005. Muna 2006, hutsva weFed Chair Ben Benan , kurova 5.25 muzana muna June 2006.

Zvinonyadzisa, izvi zvakasimudzirwa mwedzi mumwechete kune avo vaiva neanofarira-chete uye mamwe emari chikwereti chepprime chinotarirwa neFed money rate. Vazhinji veimba yeimba vaisakwanisa kuwana zvikwereti zvekare zvinotora chikwereti -chikwereti chete . Vaipa mari shoma pamwedzi. Sezvo mutengo wemusha wakawira, vazhinji vakawana dzimba dzavo dzakanga dzisisina kukosha zvavakabhadhara. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo wemari yakasimuka pamwe chete nemari yakaderedzwa mari. Somugumisiro, varidzi veimba idzi havana kukwanisa kubhadhara mari yavo yekutengesa mari, kana kutengesa misha yavo nekuda kwebatsiro. Chisarudzo chavo choga chakanga chiri chekusiya. Sezvo kutengesa kwakasimuka, chido chinoderera. Pakazosvika March 2005, misha yekutengesa misha yakasvika pa 127 000. (Chinyorwa: " Nhoroondo Yenyika Itsva Yokutengesa , US Census.)

03 Gumiguru 25-27, 2005: IMF Economist Inonyevera World's Central Bankers

Dr Raghuram Rajan aiva mukuru wezvemari kuWorld Bank muna 2005. Akapa pepa rakanzi "Has Financial Development Yakagadzirisa Dambudziko Renyika Here?" pagore reEconomist Symposium yepamusoro mabhengi kuJackson Hole, Wyoming. Tsvakurudzo yaRajan yakawana kuti mabhanga makuru makuru aive akachengetedza zvigadzirwa kuti awedzere mararamiro avo pachavo.

Akanyevera, "Imari yebhanga rekugadzira mabhizimusi inogona kupisa, uye imwe inogona kunge ine dambudziko rezvemari," yakafanana nedambudziko reLTCM . Vateereri vakaseka mazano aRajan, neChinyorwa Chezvakawanda cheMariki Larry Summers kunyange vachimudana kuti Luddite. (Inobva: "Economist Raghuram Rajan Mukurumbira Wekutengesa Kufanotaura Kuda Kwemari," Economic Times, Gumiguru 9, 2010.)

04 December 22, 2005: Ipai Curve Inverts

Pamwe mushure mekuzivisa kwaRaan, vatengesi vakatanga kutenga zvakawanda Treasurys, vachikurira zvibereko pasi. Asi ivo vaitenga imwe nguva yakareba yeHadurys (3 kusvika kune 20-gore) kupfuura zvigwaro zvenguva pfupi (1 mwedzi kusvika 2-gore). Izvozvo zvaireva kuti zvibereko pahuwandu hweMari yeHaigari zvinyorwa zvaikurumidza kukurumidza kupfuura pane zviduku zvenguva pfupi.

Pakazosvika musi waDecember 22, 2005, muchero wekukohwa weUnited States Treasurys wakapindurwa. Izvo Mari yaive ichisimudza mari yeFed mari, ichisimudzira 2-year Treasury musara wezvibereko kune 4.40 muzana. Asi zvibereko pazvisungo zvekare-kare hazvina kukura zvakakurumidza. Iko remakore manomwe reMarivha yeHurumende yakabudisa 4.39 muzana chete. Izvi zvaireva kuti vashandi vekutsinhanisa vaive vachirima mari yakawanda munguva refu. Izvo zvakanyanya zvinodiwa zvinoderedza pasi kudzoka. Sei? Vakatenda kuti kudarika kwaigona kuitika mumakore maviri. Vaida kudzoka kwakakwirira pamutemo wemakore maviri pane kunyorwa kwegore remakore manomwe kuti vawane chikwereti chakaoma chekutsvaga mari iyo vaitarisira kuti ichaitika muna 2007. Nguva yavo yakakwana.

Nenguva yaDecember 30, 2005, kudengenyeka kwakaipa. Gore rechipiri reMarivha yeVadhaka rakadzorerwa 4.41 kubva muzana, asi chibereko pamakore manomwe-gore chakanga chakawira kusvika ku4,36 muzana. Chibereko pamakore gumi emari cheMari yeHurumende chakanga chawa kusvika ku39,39 muzana.

Pakazosvika musi waJanuary 31, 2006, mutengo wemakore maviri wakabhadharwa wakasvika kusvika ku4,54 kubva muzana, zvichibuda pamakore gumi nemakumi mana kubva kuzana makumi mana kubva muzana. Yakashandura pamwedzi mitanhatu inotevera, kutumira zviratidzo zvakasiyana.

Pakazosvika June 2006, mari yeFed yakawanda yaive 5.75 muzana, kukwidza kwemazuva mashoma. Musi waSeptember 17, 2006, chibage chakavhara zvakanyanya. Nyaya yemakore gumi yakabhadhara 5.06 muzana, pasi pemwedzi 3 wemwedzi pa5.11 muzana.

05 Nyamavhuvhu 25, 2006: Imba yeMitengo Inowira Yekutanga muMakore gumi nemana

Sangano reNational Association of Realtors rakashuma kuti mitengo yepamhenderekedzo yemitengo yekutengesa pamba yakaderera 1.7 kubva mugore kubva gore rakapera. Icho ndicho chakanyanya kuderera zvakadaro mumakore gumi nemana. Mutengo muna August 2006 waiva $ 225,000. Icho ndicho chakanyanya kudarika muzana kubva apo rekodi 2.1 muzana inoderera munaNovember 1990 kutengesa.

Mitengo yakawa nokuti chikwata chesoldold chaiva mamiriyoni 3.9, 38 muzana yakakwirira kudarika gore rakapera. Parizvino yekutengesa kwemamiriyoni matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu pagore, zvinotora mwedzi 7.5 kutengesa izvo zvinyorwa. Icho chakanga chave chinopetwa kaviri mumwedzi wechina wekugovera muna 2004. Vazhinji vezvemari vaifunga kuti zvaireva kuti misika yemumba yakanga iri kunonoka, zvakadaro. Izvozvo ndezvokuti chido chekushaya mari chakanga chichidzika zvakanyanya, pa6,4 muzana yemakore makumi matatu ekugadziriswa kwemari. (Kubva: "Pamba Dzimba: Kutanga Kupera Mumakore 11," CNN, Svondo 25, 2006.)

06 Nhamba 2006: Misha Idzva Yemvumo Iwa 28 Percent

Kuderedza kudiwa kwekumba kunoderedza mvumo itsva yemusha 28 kubva mugore rapfuura. Ichi chinomiriro chekutanga chezvemari chakasvika mamiriyoni 1,535, maererano neChishanu 17 Commerce Department Real Estate Report.

Mvumo itsva yemusha inowanzobudiswa anenge mwedzi mitanhatu isati yasvika kwekugadzirwa uye mari yekuvhara mari inoguma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvibvumirano ndiyo chiratidzo chinotungamirira chekuvhara musha musha. Chirwere chezvivigiro chinoreva kuti kuvhenekera kweimba itsva kuchaenderera kuve mumarara pamwedzi mipfumbamwe inotevera. Hapana munhu panguva iyoyo akaziva kuti zvikamu zvakadini zvepa subprime zvekutengesa zvakasvika mumusika wekutengeswa uye hupfumi huwandu.

Panguva iyoyo, vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vakafunga kuti chero bedzi Federal Reserve yakabvisa chikwereti chezvibereko muzhizha, kupera kweimba kunogona kuzvisarudzira pachako. Izvo zvavasina kuziva ndezvoukuru hwakakura hwe subprime mortgage market. Yakanga yakasika "dutu rakakwana" yezviitiko zvakaipa.

07 Nhaurwa Kuverenga: Mufananidzi Kana Iwe Uri Wakaipa Utsi Wakavhiringidzika Kwazvo

Chikwereti-chega chikwereti chakaita kuti mari yakawanda ye subprime marike zvigoneke. Ndizvo nokuti vashandi veimba vaingove vachibhadhara chikwereti, uye vasingambobhadhara mukuru mukuru. Izvo zvakanga zvakanaka kusvikira chibereko chekufarira chikwereti chakasimudzirwa mwedzi miviri. Kakawanda muimba weimba aisagona kuwana mari yekubhadhara. Sezvo dzimba dzeimba dzakatanga kuwira, vazhinji veimba vedzimba vakawana kuti vaisagona kukwanisa kutengesa dzimba kana. Voila! Subprime mortgage mess.

Kubhadhara-kuchengetedzwa kwakachengetedzwa kwekuchengetwa kwemari inotengeswa muzvikwereti. Izvo zvakavabvumira kuti vatengeswe kune vatyairi. Yakabatsira kupararira kenza yepa subprime mortgages munyika yose yemari yemunharaunda.

Iko kushandiswa kwepa subprime mortgages kwakatengeswa kune vashandi kuburikidza nemusika wechipiri . Pasina iyo, mabhengi angadai akafanirwa kuchengetedza mabhuku ose emabhuku avo-uye zvichida angave akachenjerera zvikuru pamusoro pevaya vaiita zvikwereti.

Nharaunda dzinofadza dzinotonga misika yemumba, pamwe chete nemari yose yezvemari. Nokuda kwezvakawanda, ona Mafaro Anoshandiswa Akagadziriswa , Ukama Pakati Pezvinyorwa zveMariki uye Imari Dzimba , Federal Reserve uye Treasury manotsi .

Pamberi penjodzi, dzimba dzakagadzirirwa anenge 10 muzana kune zvekupfumi. Apo misika yakakoromoka, zvakatora kuruma kubva mune zvakakosha michina . Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vakataura kuti kupedzisira kwemaimba chaiyo kwaizove kuripo, izvo zvaingova kungofunga kufunga.

08 Fannie naFreddie Zvirongwa

Freddie Mac uye Fannie Mae vakagadzirira zvigadziri kune avo vakapwanyika ne subprime mortgage chikwereti. Tsvaga nzira yekuwana rubatsiro kana iwe uri subprime mortgage holder.

09 Maitiro Edambudziko reApriprime Akaumba Dambudziko reBanning 2007

Sezvo matengo emisha akawira, mabhengi akarashika kuvimbana mune mumwe nomumwe. Hapana aida kupa chikwereti kune mumwe nemumwe nokuti vaizogamuchira mari yekutengesa-yakatsigirwa sevashandi. Hapana munhu aiziva kuti kukosha kwezvivako izvi kamwe chete pamba pamba zvakatanga kuwira. Asi kana mabhengi asingakweretesi kune imwe neimwe, hurongwa hwose hwemari hunotanga kudonha.