Hapana Chinhu Chinotyisa Pamusoro PemaFantom Mabhizimisi
Kwete, madhimoni aya akasiyana-siyana emidzimu, nenzira yezvinonzi "phantom" mashizha ari kuwedzera kuwedzera mumabasa ekubhadhara chikamu.
Makambani akasiyana-siyana saPubliclix Supermarkets, Saatchi & Saatchi, uye Proctor & Gamble kupa (kana vakapa) vashandi mamwe maitiro ehuwandu hwemari yavo, sechikamu chebasa ravo rekubhadhara mapeji.
Tarisira mamwe mafemu kuti aite sezvaanoona zvikomborero zvekugadzirisa pabasa remabasa ekubhadhara mari.
Phantom Stocks Defined
Dhiyabhorosi mashizha ndeyezvinorehwa nezita ravo-chimiro chevashandi vanobhadhara vanopa vashandi kupinda mune zvekutengesa asi vasina chavanogara. Kufanana nemhando ipi zvayo yechokwadi, mashizha akawanda anokwira uye anowa anokosha maererano nekambani yekambani yezvikwata, uye vashandi vanobhadharwa nemari inowanikwa kubva kune imwe kambani yekuonga kukoshesa pane imwe zuva.
Kakawanda, nhamba yezvikamu zve phantom zvakapiwa kune mushandi kana maneja zvinotarisirwa nemunhu iyeye anoona kukosha kwekambani. Iyo yakakwirira iyo mushandi anokoshesa, iyo inowanikwa zvikamu zvemasango akawanda angangogamuchira. Kana matanho emagetsi anopiwa, "kunonoka kushandiswa" kunopinda mukati, uko mari chaiyo yekubhadhara inowanikwa mushure mekunge kwenguva yakareba-makore maviri kusvika mashanu ndeyekuti pentom stock inowanikwa, zvichienderana nechibvumirano chakaitwa pakati pekambani nevashandi .
Panyaya iyi, makambani anoshandisa zvipfeko zvese zvese sechikonzero chekukurudzira kubhadhara vashandi uye kupa avo vashandi "ganda mumutambo" kuti vawedzere kuburitsa munzvimbo yebasa uye kuti vawane kambani inowedzera mari-chirevo chinokonzera mari yekambani yakakwirira, pamwe chete .
Mitambo yePantom Stock
Pakuisa matanho emagetsi semashandi ekubhadhara zvikwereti, makambani anoshandisa kushandisa "kuonga chete" matengesheni kana "mashizha akazara" mashizha.
Heino nzira iyo imwe neimwe phantom stock model inoshanda:
Kuonga Chete: Kukoshesa mashizha mabhadhari vanobva kugadzirisa kukosha kwezvino kwechinhu chakadai. Pane kudaro, vagamuchiri vanowana mari chero ipi zvayo (kureva mutengo wemari kuonga) iyo inotengeswa yakawanda inogona kuwana pane imwe nguva. Semuenzaniso, kana mushandi "A" aifanira kugamuchira chikamu chikamu chemari yakawanda, uye imwe nhumbi inosvika $ 20, kukosha kwemaoko kwekambani iyi kwaizova $ 20,000. Pasi pemashoko echibvumirano, mushandi anofanira kugara nekambani kwemakore mashanu, somuenzaniso, kuti abatsirwe kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekutengeswa kwematokari (inozivikanwa se "nguva yokugadzirira"). Panguva iyo, sangano rekambani yakwira kusvika $ 40 per share. Pasi pechiitiko ichocho, mushandi "A", mushure memazuva mashanu emakore akanga apera, aizowana mutsauko pakati pe $ 20 per-share ikozvino kukosha kwechikwata pamusi iwoyo chibvumirano chakatorwa, uye $ 40 per share pazuva apo paanenge ane kodzero yemari chero ipi zvayo kubva mumatengo (kana kuti $ 20 per share.) Izvozvo zvinogona kupa mukana wekutengesa purofiti ye $ 20,000.
Zvose Zvakakwana: Pasi payo yakazara inowanikwa pabasa rekutengesa, mupi wemari anotora zvose zviripo iye zvino uye chero mutengo wekutengesa kuonga kana zuva rakakodzera rasvika.
Munyaya iri pamusoro apa, mushandi we "A" haangogamuchiri mari ye $ 20 pamudziro wekutengeswa kwemakore mushure memazuva mashanu, iye aizowanawo mutengo wamangwana unoziva zuva raakatengeswa naro, uyewo $ 20 mugove pane zvekutengeserana pa $ 40 per share. Pazviuru zvinokwana chikamu chematokari , iyo inogona kupa mushandi $ 40,000 mushure memakore mashanu ekugadzirira zuva rekutora.
Pros uye Cons of Phantom Stocks
Sezvakangoitika kune imwe yehupfumi / chiridzwa chekutsvaga, hapana kushayikwa kwezvipo uye zvishomanana zvisinganzwisisiki nezvimwe zvese zvinotengeswa:
Pros
- Zvinyorwa zvepantom isiri yakasimba yekushandura chigadziro chese kuchengetedza vashandi vanokosha pabhodhi nguva yose yekugovera, asiwo kukurudzira vashandi vanobudirira. Mushure mezvose, apo mutengo wematengo wepantom unoonga, mupi wemubatsiro anobatsira, zvakare. Kune vashandi, ichokwadi chekukunda-kukunda.
- Nokunamatira kune phantom script script, chaiyo kambani stockholders haisi kuona zvikamu zvadzo zvisinganzwisisiki muhutano, semumvuri mashizha haasi akafanana nekambani kambani mashizha.
- Kune vashandi, hapana chidikanwi chekutenga zvechokwadi phantoms stock share, sekugara nguva dzose vashandi vanofanira kuita pamusika. Pane kudaro, zvikamu zve phantom zvinopiwa kuvashandi vasina mari yekuchinja maoko. Icho chinhu chakanaka kuvashandi, avo vanogovana chete muzvitoro, vasina kubhadhara ivo.
- Kutungamirirwa kwekambani yezvakawanda zvekutengesa zvinobatsira kune vashandi, pamwe chete. Pasi pechimiro chechinyorwa chechiguriti kana chibvumirano, makambani anokwanisa kutora chimiro chechibvumirano. Semuenzaniso, kambani inogona kudzora huwandu hwehutano hwekutora chikamu muhuwandu hwezvikwereti zvakabhadharwa kune vashandi. Uyezve, makambani anokwanisa kusanganisira zviyero mubasa rekutengeswa kwemagetsi "rinorasikirwa" chero ipi zvayo yezvinyorwa zvemari kana mushandi ari mubvunzo anotsaura kambani asati apedza kubvumidza zuva rokugadzirira.
Cons
- Makambani anoshandisa phantom zvirongwa zvezvikwata zvinogona kutora mari yakawanda, kunyanya kana kumwe kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga hunodiwa kugadziriswa nekunze kwekambani yekuverenga.
- Kune vashandi, kambani inoshevedza ma shots ose mubasa rekufananirana kwepantom, ichivapa kuderedzwa kana kutungamira kana chikamu chekugovera ichienda kumaodzanyemba. Izvo zvinogonawo kugadziriswa kusati kwaita sangano racho, pamusoro pemamwe nyaya kunze kwekushanda kwevashandi, achivarega vasina ruzivo mukuunganidza chero ipi zvayo inobhadhara mari.
- Mitero inoshandiswa mune phantom stock inoshandiswa, zvakare. Somuenzaniso, makambani anofanira kunyatsoteerera Mutemo weInternet Revenue Service's 409A, iyo inokonesa kusarudza kwekambani mukuisa nguva dzekuparidzira, uye inodzivisawo vashandi nevatungamiriri kuti vawedzere kutengesa zvikwereti zvemari, kana vachifunga kuti kambani inenge iine dambudziko rakaoma rezvemari.
- Kune vashandi, zvikwereti zvese zvinouya nemiganhu iyo kazhinji inowanikwa padzidzo yekambani yekuchengetedza vashandi. Semuenzaniso, vanowiri vemabhizimisi vasina kodzero yekuvhota, uye vangave vasina kukodzera kuwana zvikwereti, zvichienderana nechigadziro chacho.
The takeaway? Zvirongwa zvepantom zvingangova zvose zvakanaka vashandi vanokurudzira zvishandiso kune vashandi, uye mari yakasimba inokurudzira hurongwa hwevashandi. Kana zviitiko zvikava zvakaoma uye mutengo wematengo haunzwisisi, kana mushandirwi kana mushandi anoshaya mari chero ipi zvayo mubasa racho.
Izvo zvinopa humwe hunofukidzana kupfuura hunodikanwa hwemagetsi ezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi-anowedzera kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvemari nenguva apo kuchengetwa kwevashandi ndiko kunokosha, uye apo mushamba wekutengesera uri pamusorosoro wepamusoro.