Kana uine kambani yako yekutengeserana ikasarudzwa asi iwe hauna chokwadi chekutenga pakutanga, funga nezvekutsvaga kwezviya semataurirwo akanaka kunyika yenotokari.
Blue Chip Stocks
Mukutsvaga, izwi rokuti "Blue Chip" rinoratidza matanda emakambani ayo akasimba, nguva refu yemisika yemakambani iyo isingambove nedzimwe nhau dzisina kunaka nhau munguva yemberi iri mberi. Uye kunyange kana vakadaro, ivo vakwegura, makambani akasimba anogona kurwisa dutu. Blue Chips dzakanaka kune vashandi vatsva sezvo vachida kutama nemusika nenzira inofanirwa uye vane njodzi shoma kudarika mamwe akawanda ematokari.
Muenzaniso mukuru weBlue Chip stock ndeye Walmart. Ichitoro ine nhoroondo inodzokera shure muna 1962, ine kambani huru yemakemikari ye $ 236.4 mabhiriyoni, uye yakagadzikana yakaenzaniswa nemusika wose. Mune gore rapfuura, Walmart yakaita mari inodarika madhora mazana mana emadhora mabhiriyoni emari, ichiwana nhamba imwe chete paRwanda Fortune 500. Tarisa zvimwe zvikwereti zveBlue Chip pa Fortune 500 uye mamwe mazita emakambani makuru eMelika.
Mienzaniso yeBlue Chip Stocks: Walmart (WMT), Coca Cola (KO), JPMorgan Chase (JPM), Exxon Mobil (XOM), Boeing (BA), Caterpillar (CAT), uye General Electric (GE)
Value Stocks
Ratidza kukoshesa kudyara ndiro pfungwa yokuti iwe unogona kuongorora mari yekambani uye kufanotaura mari yakakwana yematengo, uye kana ukaona zvakasimba pamakambani akakwana iwe uchawana kambani isina kukodzera iyo inoratidzika sekushambadzira kunonakidza. Yakagadzirwa mukurumbira naPurofesa Benjamin Graham, muchengeti wezvokudzidzira kuBritish uye mudzidzisi uyo akapedza nguva kuWashington neUCLA, kukoshesa kuisa mari ndiyo mantra yevashandi vakawanda vanobudirira kusanganisira Warren Buffett, Irving Kahn, naBill Ackman.
Iyo bhaibheri inokosha kukosha ndeye Graham ya1949 bhuku The Intelligent Investor .
Kuwana matanda asina kukwana hakusi nyore nguva dzose. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha kutarisa ibhuku rekambani rinokosha pagoga, iro rinoratidza zvinhu zvekambani zvichienzaniswa neyozvino mutengo wemugove. Website ValueWalk yakabudisa Graham-Dodd stock screener iyo inoshandisa kukosha kuisa pfungwa dzekutsvaga mari yekutsvaga mari mune iyi. Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa kumakambani mashomanana, zvisinei, sezvo ivo vari pangozi uye vanowedzera kuwedzera kune vakwegura, vanogara vakagadzikana zvikwata. Uyezve tarisa kunze kwekambani dzakapfuura nemutengo mukuru wakangodarika, kushandiswa kwemashoko iye zvino kunogona kuchinja maitiro akasiyana uye nzira dzekuongorora .
Kushandisa mutengo kubhuku uye mamwe maitiro, heano mamienzaniso mashomanana ekukosha kwematokiti kuti uite iwe.
Mienzaniso Yezvokukoshesa Zvitengo : Transocean (RIG), Nelnet (NNI), Navi (NAVI), American Airlines (AAL), Gilead Sciences (GILD), Wells Fargo (WFC), Expedia (EXPE)
Chikamu Chekugovera
Vamwe vashandi vanoisa mari yavo mumisika, vachitarisira kuwedzera mazana emari pamakore, asi vamwe vashandi vanotarisira zvakawanda pamusoro pekuwana mari yekuyerera kubva mumari yavo. Kana iwe uchida kuti zvikwereti zvako zvibhadhe iwe, zvikamu ndezvomutambo .
Chikamu chekugovana chinowanzobhadhara mari shoma chikamu pamari kune varairi vega roga.
Pane imwe nguva, makambani anotora chikamu chimwe chete-nguva, sezvakaitika naMicrosoft muna 2004 apo yakabhadhara $ 3 mugairo, kana $ 32 biliyoni, kune vashandi mune zvayo.
Kana uchitarira zvikwata zvekugoverana , tsvaga chimiro chezvikamu zvakakwana kana kukura kwenguva. Kugurwa kwekuparadzanisa kunotaridzirwa zvakanyanya nemisika, saka chero zvikwangwani zvakapedza zvikwereti zvavo munguva yakapfuura zvinofanira kusimudzira mureza wekutsvaga iwe semuridzi wezvemari. Kana chikamu chiripo chakakwirira kwazvo, chinogona kuva chiratidzo chokuti vashandi vanotarisira kuti mutengo wekugoverwa uwire mumwedzi inotevera. Chero nyanzvi inobhadhara zvinodarika 10% inofanira kutariswa neine utano hwakanaka.
Mienzaniso yezvikamu zvekugovera: Verizon (VZ), General Motors (GM), Phillips 66 (PSX), Coca Cola (KO), United Parcel Service (UPS), Proctor & Gamble (PG), Phillip Morris International (PM), uye Monsanto (MON)
Growth Stocks
Makambani makuru akashanda kuti akure seperesenti, sezvavari kuedza kukura nheyo huru kwazvo. Walmart, somuenzaniso, haigoni kuona mafaji maviri emari mukutengesa pamusoro pezvino ma $ 480 mabhiriyoni mari. Makambani maduku uye makambani matsva ari riskier, asi ipai mikana inofadza yekukura munguva yemberi iri pedyo.
Kukura kwematokari kunogona kubuda kune imwe yebhizimusi, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura makambani makuru e tech muSilicon Valley uye mamwe anove nekukura kukuru kwetariro. Aya matengu anogona kuva makambani emhando ipi zvayo. Kukura kukuru kwezvikwata zvinowanzosimba zvakanyanya uye zvisingabatsiri pangozi, asi kupa hudzo shoma pane zviduku, mabhizimisi matsva pamusika.
Mienzaniso yekukura Zvikwata: Netflix (NFLX), Amazon (AMZN), Facebook (FB), Priceline (PCLN), Skyworks Solutions (SWKS), Micron Technologies (MU), uye Alaska Air Group (ALK)
Ngwarira Risky Investments
Kunyange zvazvo mamwe emakambani akanyorwa pamusoro apa achaita zvakanaka uye achapa makuru makuru emakambani mumwedzi nemakore ari kuuya, mavhiringi mamwe ematokisi anobva pasi apa anowira pasi. Imwe inogona kuzviwana mumutsara mukuru, dambudziko rekutarisa, kana nhau inhau iyo inotumira chikafu kuti chisvike. Kuti udzivise kurasikirwa kukuru, iva nechokwadi chekuisa mari mune imwe nzvimbo yemapatotikopu ematokari kumativi akawanda emabhizimisi uye nzvimbo.
Ruzhinji rwezvikwata zvinotaurwa munyaya ino ndezvemakambani akasimba ane mari zhinji, asi usangotora shoko redu nokuda kwaro! Usati watenga chero chikwata, rongororai mari yaro yemazuva ano, kubvunzurudza mafungiro, makwikwi, uye nzvimbo yemberi yemangwana yebhizimisi yemabhizimisi. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti iri bhizimisi rakasimba nehutano hwakanaka uye tarisiro huru, ndeyekutenga. Asi kana iwe uine dambudziko kana kuvhara, roka kubvumira bhodhi rekutenga uye kumirire kubhadhara mari yakachengeteka kuti uuye pamwe chete.