The Smartest Economist muNyika?
Rajan akabva atora chikamu chechibereko kubva kune 7.5% kusvika ku7,75%, uyezve munaJanuary 2014 kusvika ku8%. Izvi zvakataurira India kuderera kwenyika mari inokosha uye kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu.
Rajan akati United States inotengesa kutsika kwayo kune dzimwe nyika. Asi mitengo yakaderera yemafuta muna 2014 yakabatsira kuderedza kutyisa kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu. Somugumisiro, Rajan muchero wekuderera muzasi munaJanuary 2015 kusvika kune 7.75%. Pakazosvika gore raJuly 2015, kutengesa kwenyika kwaive kune chinokwana 3.78%.
Rajan akaramba kushandiswa kwekuderedza chido chekuda kufambisa hupfumi-kukurudzira matanho kubva kuIndia Prime Minister. Mutungamiri Narendra Modi angadai akawedzera kuwedzera kwekutengesa kudai akasika zvido zvakawanda muhupfumi nyika isati yava nenguva yekuvaka zvivakoti zvekugadzira. Vakawanda vaine hanya kuti mitero yakakwirira yaizoipisa hutsika hweIndia. Asi Rajan akanyevera kuti zvakanga zviri nani kuita saizvozvo pakutanga apo zvingave zvichiri kuita zvishoma nezvishoma. (Inobva: "Rajan yeIndia inofanira kuwedzera mahoro ku Head Off Modi," The Wall Street Journal, June 4, 2014. "Mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika uyo akafanotaura kuti dambudziko rezvemari rakangomira imwe alarm - zvingava kuchenjera kuteerera nguva ino," Quartz, September 22, 2013.)
Rajan akaraira mari yeIndia, rupee, nekuderedza mitemo yebhangi. Akamanikidza mabhenji kunyora pasi zvikwereti zvakaipa. Izvo zvakasunungura ruzivo rwavo kuisa mari muhutano hutsva hwakanaka. Akavhurawo mabhengi kune vamwe vanoenda, achiwedzera makwikwi. Mabhengi maviri matsva akapiwa mvumo semugumisiro. Akasunungura mabhizimisi emapazi nokuisa chikwata chebhengi pamafoni efoni.
(Source: "Raghuram Rajan Inopera Siri Gavhuna weRBI," Economic Times, Svondo 4, 2016. Kubvunzurudza naNitin Sharma, nyanzvi yebhangi. "MuDzvinyiriri Mubiki," The Economist , September 7, 2013. "India Inodana Raghuram Rajan Kutamhanya Yaro Central Bank, "The Guardian, August 6, 2013)
Rajan Akaruramisa Federal Reserve
India ndiyo imwe yenyika dzinotanga kutengesa mazana emakambani anotambura nemari inowedzera mari muna 2013 na2014. Vashandi vanochinja kubva mumatengesi aya ane ngozi apo Federal Reserve yakatanga kutengesa kutenga kwayo kweAmerican Treasury. Vakawanda vainetseka kuti kuchinja uku kweWititative Easing kwaizowedzera kudiwa kweUnited States, zvichiita kuti dhora riwedzere. Somugumisiro, mari dzedzimwe nyika dzakava dzisina kunaka uye dzakarashika kukosha. Nhanho iyo yakaitika yakava dambudziko rakakanganisa hupfumi hwepasi rese.
Rajan akatsoropodza US kuti akanyatsorega kukanganisa kwekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika. "Misika yakasimuka yakaedza kutsigira kukura kwepasi rose nemari yakawanda yemari uye mari," akadaro. Akanyevera kuti, kana ichienderera mberi, nyika dzakasimudzirwa, "dzingaita sedzimwe shanduko dzatinofanira kumanikidzwa kuita pasi payo." Akawedzera kuti G-20 yakabatana pamwe chete munguva yechinetso, asi yakabva yanyangarika.
"Tinoda kubatanidzwa kwakanaka uye nengozi izvo hazvina kuuya kusvika kure," akadaro Rajan. (Inobva: "Rajan Hits Out kuUncoordinated Global Policy," Financial Times, January 30, 2014)
Rajan Akafanotaura 2008 Financial Crisis
Rajan mumwe wevashoma vezvematongerwo enyika avo vakanyatsorayira mabhengi makuru pakati pekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008 . Muna 2005, Dr. Rajan akarondedzera zvakajeka kuti zvikanganiso zvakagadzirwa sei mune zvehupfumi zvingatungamirira kumatambudziko emari. Akapa pepa rakanzi "Has Financial Development Yakagadzirisa Dambudziko Renyika Here?" pagore reEconomist Symposium yepakati bhengi. Izvi zvaive pahupamhi hwemahombekiti emakumba emusha. Ndiyo apo yaimbova ye Federal Federal Chairman Alan Greenspan yematongerwo emari emitemo haaiti chakaipa. Rajan akatarisana nouchenjeri hwemazuva uye akafanotaura dambudziko apo hapana aida kuzvinzwa.
Rajan akanga aronga kuisa paSymposium kuongororwa kwekuti zvigadzirwa sei uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemari zvakaderedza ngozi. Kufanana nevamwe vose, aifunga kuti mabhengi anokonzera njodzi kuburikidza nekutengesa mari yavo yekuchengetera mari uye kubhadhara chikwereti kune vatyairi pamusika wechipiri.
Pane kudaro, akawana kuti mabhenji akanga achibatisisa zvigadzirwa izvi kuti awedzere mararamiro avo pachavo. Akanyevera kuti, kana kusatarisira kwe "black swan" chiitiko chakaitika, mabhizimisi 'kusvibiswa kune zviwanikwa izvi zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko rakafanana ne LTCM hedge fund crisis , uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakafanana. Rajan akataura achiti, "Imisika ye interbank inogona kuputika, uye imwe inogona kuva nematambudziko akawanda emari."
Vateereri vakaseka kunyeverwa kwake, uye ipapo-Mutungamiri weHarvard University uye Mutungamiri wezvehupfumi Lawrence Summers akadana Rajan muLuddite. Zvisinei, kufanotaura kwaJanan ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika makore maviri gare gare. (Inobva: "Economist Raghuram Rajan Mukurumbira Wekutengesa Kufanotaura Kuda Kwemari," Economic Times, Gumiguru 9, 2010.)
Rajan Anofanotaura Zvamangwana Matambudziko
Dr. Rajan anonyevera kuti hupfumi hunokonzera kukanganisa kwemari huri kutyisidzira hupfumi hwenyika. Izvi zviri pasinei nemitemo mitsva, yakadai seDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act , uye mitemo yebhadharo yekuderedza chikwereti chakakwana . Akataura achiti, "Isu tinosangana nekutinhira kubva kubhururu kuti tibve." Iyi mitsara yekukanganisa ndeyi:
- Mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika kune kusaenzana kwepakati muUnited States - Vakawanda vezvematongerwo enyika vanoramba vachikurudzira chikwereti nyore saka vanhu vokuAmerica vanogona kutenga zvigaro zvekurarama zviri nani. Pane kudaro, vanofanira kuisa pfungwa pakudzidzisa avo vasina zvikoro zvekoljiji, avo vanotambura zvikuru nekushaya basa. Ikozvino inosanganisira vashandi vasina basa uye vashandi vakura.
- Kuvhiringidzwa kwezvokutengeserana - China nezvimwe zvikwereti zvinobudirira zvinotsigira kuUnited States kuwedzera kukura kwekutengeswa kwenyika. Vanotenga US Treasury , vachichengetedza chikwereti chechido pasi uye vachidzivirira vaAmerica kubva pamigumisiro yemari chikwereti.
- Nhepfenyuro yemari masangano - Mabhanisi achiri kubhadhara uye kukurudzira vatungamiri kuti vauye pamusoro-kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa. Izvi zvinogona kungowanikwa kuburikidza nokutora zvimwe zvinetso. Izvo zvinodhura zvezvinetso izvi zvinopararira mukati mehutano hwehupfumi. Ivo ndivo vanozoberekwa nevateresi kuburikidza nehurumende yehurumende.
Rajan Yakatarisa Kuchinja Kunokosha ku IMF
Rajan akava IMF Chief Economist pa40 (2003 - 2006). Panguva iyoyo, yakaonekwa semutambo mukuru we IMF, sezvo Rajan aiva nyanzvi yezvemari, kwete mudzidzi wepamusoro. Iko Chikoro chakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwekuita kwayo mudambudziko remari yeAsia muna 1997, iyo yeRussia isingabatsiri iyo yakabatsira kukonzera LTCM hedge fund crisis , uye zvinokonzera zvikwereti zvezvikwereti muBrazil neArgentina.
Nyanzvi yezvemari Joseph Stiglitz, uyo ndiye mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika weWorld Bank , akati IMF yakashatisa kukura kwezvematongerwe enyika kwenyika iyo yaiedza kubatsira nekusimbisa matanho akaoma akagadzirirwa kuderedza chikwereti chavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, matanho aya - kusimudza nharaunda dzekuda , kubvisa maitirwo emari uye kucheka kwekucheka - zvakakanganisa kuwedzera kwaidiwa kubhadhara chikwereti chekubhadhara.
Kuchengetedza Capitalism kubva kuVa Capitalists
Iri bhuku raRaan rakambotanga, Saving Capitalism kubva kuVa Capitalists rakarondedzera kuti kusununguka kwemashamba emabhizimisi kusununguka kunopesvedzwa nevatsigiri. Vanokonzera hurumende kuregeredza kuitira kuti ivo vatange kutora ngozi yakawanda muzita remakwikwi enyika. Kana, vanoenda kune imwe nzira, uye vanogadza mitemo yekudzivirira maindasitiri avo. Mienzaniso miviri yekupedzisira ndeyeAmerica mutengo wekutengeswa kwensimbi, uye rubatsiro rwebhizimisi reUnited States rakadzivisa Dhaha kusununguka kushambadzira kwekutengeserana .
Rajan's Early Career
Dr. Rajan akagamuchira chigadzirwa chemagetsi kubva kuIndia Institute of Technology muDhihi. Akagamuchira MBA kubva kuIndia Institute of Management muna 1987. Akawana Ph.D mune hutungamiri kubva kuSloan School kuMIT. Akadzidzisa paChicago's Booth School vasati vasvika, uye vachitevera, basa rake paImF. Vadzidzi vaRaan vanomutumidza zita rokuti "Basa reFrontier." Iyoyo izwi rezvemari iro rinoreva kukanganisa kwemahombekombe.
Rajan aiva mupi wepamusoro weBDT Capital, Booz naCo, pamakurukota eBanki Itau-Unibanco mazano, uye mutungamiriri weChicago Council pamusoro peGlobal Affairs. Akanga ari pamakurukota emakurukota eComptroller General weUnited States uye FDIC .
Muna 2003, Rajan akagamuchira fischer Black Prize yeAmerican Money Association yezvipo zvekubhadhara nemumwe munyori wezvemari pasi pemakore makumi mana. Aive Mutungamiri weMari Association, uyewo nhengo yeAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences. Rajan ave ari pamahofisi ehurukuro eAmerican Economic Review uye Journal of Finance.
Kubva muna 2006-2013, Rajan aiva Eric J. Gleacher Akaziwa Purofesa weZvesimari paYunivhesiti yeChicago's Booth School of Business. Kubva muna 2003-2006, ndiye aiva Chief Economist we International Monetary Fund . Bhuku raKe, Fault Lines: Kuvanzwa Kwakavanzwa Kwakaramba Kutyisa World Economy, kwakakunda mubhadharo we Financial Times / Goldman Sachs Business Book of the Year muna 2010. Akagamuchirawo Infosys Prize for Social Science - Economics muna 2011
Rajan ndiye aiva Chief Economic Adviser kuUnited States Ministry of Finance muna 2013, uye gurukota rezvematongerwe enyika risingazivikanwi kune Prime Minister kubva muna 2008-2012.