Changamire Chikwereti, Nei Ichikosha, uye Nhamba

Chikonzero nei Changamire Chikwereti Chimwe Chinhu Chakanaka - Kusvikira Pano

Changamire chikwereti inotora hurumende yehurumende yakawanda sei.

Zvinoreva chinhu chimwe chete sechikwereti chenyika , chikwereti chenyika, kana chikwereti chehurumende nokuti shoko rokuti "mutongi" rinorevawo hurumende yenyika. Inowanzotaura nezvekuti nyika inokwereta kune vamwe kunze kwemari. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana pamwe nemari chikwereti .

Changamire chikwereti inowedzera kukanganisa kwegore negore. Nokudaro, inoratidza kuti hurumende inopedza zvakadini kupfuura iyo inogamuchira muzvikwereti munguva.

Hurumende dzinowanzobhadhara chikwereti chavo kuburikidza nezvisungo, zvakadai seAmerican Treasury notes . Izvi zvisungo zvine mazwi kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika pamakore makumi matatu. Hurumende inobhadhara mitengo yekutora kupa vashandi vanobatanidza kudzoka kune varaidzo yavo. Izvo zvinowanzoitika ndezvekuti hutano huchabhadharwa, iyo yakaderera chikwereti chawanikwa chibhadharwe. Uyezve, izvi zvinoderedza mari yekwereti. Hurumende dzinogona kutora zvikwereti zvakananga kubva kumabhangi, mabhizimisi ega ega kana vanhu, kanawo dzimwe nyika.

Zvinoenzaniswa

Kana uchifananidza chikwereti chakakwirira pakati penyika, unofanirwa kunyatsochenjerera izvo zvinonyatsobatanidzwa. Izvozvo ndezvokuti chikwereti chikuru chinotariswa zvakasiyana maererano neaani ari kuita kuenzanisa uye nei. Semuenzaniso, Standard & Poor's isangano rekukwereta chikwereti kune mabhizimusi uye varimi. Nokudaro, rinongororesa chikwereti chakabhadhara kune vatengesi vemari. Hazvirevi izvo hurumende inokwereta kune dzimwe hurumende, International Monetary Fund , kana World Bank .

Iyo inongogadzirisawo chikwereti chese nyika, kwete icho chakweretwa nehurumende kana masuniti munyika. Zvisinei, S & P inofunga nezvemigumisiro inokonzerwa nemitemo iyi ine simba rekukwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti chayo.

IEuropean Union ine mvumo yekukwereta kwese chikwereti nyika inobvumirwa kuti igare munzvimbo ye euro .

Saka, zviyero zvaro zvakazara. Inosanganisira chikwereti chehurumende neyemunharaunda, pamwe chete nezvinofanira kuitwa mune ramangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi.

Chikwereti cheUnited States chinoparadzanisa chikwereti chehurumende kubva kune chikwereti chehurumende, icho chikwereti chakabhadharwa neHurumende yehurumende pachayo. Hazvirevi chikwereti chakakonzerwa nemasisita, inotaura, uye mamwe masangano asiri ehurumende. Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva kuti nyika zhinji nemaguta hazvibvumirwi kuvhara.

Sei Kuwedzera Kwazvo Kunowedzera Kukura

Kunyangwe hurumende inopedza hurumende yehutano, kuchengetwa kwehutano, kana hutsva hwemagetsi, iri kuputira mari muhupfumi. Izvo zvinosimudzira hupfumi huri kukura nokuti mabhizimisi anowedzera kuti awane zvinodiwa zvakagadzirwa nemari. Izvozvo zvinowanzokonzera mabasa matsva, izvo zvinowedzera kuwedzera mukukurudzira kuwedzera kwekuda nekukura. Kukundikana kushandiswa kune simba rinokurudzira nokuti chido chirikusikwa ikozvino. Iko mari inenge isingasviki kusvika pane imwe nguva munguva yemberi.

Chero bedzi chikwereti chechiremera chikaramba chichikwanisika, vateresi vanonzwa vakachengeteka kuti izvi zvinowedzera kukura zvinoreva kuti vachabhadharwa nemari. Vatungamiri vehurumende vanoramba vachipedza nokuti hupfumi huri kukura hunoreva vabati vanofara avo vachavasarudzazve. Chaizvoizvo, hapana chikonzero chekuti vashandise kushandisa mari.

Apo Changamire Chikwereti Chinoipa

Zvose zvinofamba zvakanaka kusvikira zvikwereti zvinotanga kusava nechokwadi kana zvichabhadharwa. Izvo izvi zvinotanga kupinda mukati apo chikwereti chikuru chinosvika 77 muzana yenyika yegore yezvemari inowanikwa. Kune dzimwe nyika dzinotengeswa mumakemikari, nheyo yekutengesa inouya nokukurumidza, pa 64% chikwereti-ku-GDP chiyero .

Vatengi vanotanga kutanga kutanga kunetseka kana nyika ichange isingakwanisi kubhadharwa. Izvi zvinova uprofita huri kuzvizadzisa nokuti, sezvo kutya kunokwira, ndizvo zvakaitawo chido chekufarira nyika inofanira kuvimbisa kubhadhara kuti inyore zvibvumirano zvitsva. Nyika dzinofanira kukwereta kune imwe nguva-inodhura mitengo yokubhadhara chikwereti chakare, chine mari. Kana izvi zvichienderera mberi, rudzi rwacho runogona kukamanikidzwa kuregerera pane chikwereti chazvo zvachose.

Akashata

Zvikwereti zvikwereti zvakaitika kwemazana emakore, kazhinji sechikonzero chehondo kana kumanikidzwa s.

Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu, kuitika kwezvakakanganisika kwakaitika kuEast Europe, Africa, uye Latin America. Ichi chaive chikonzero chekukweretesa kwebhangi muma1970. Pakazosvika 1981 kutengesa kwenyika, huwandu hwezvibereko hwakasimuka, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana munyika dzinotengesa misika .

Mune chikwereti chakaitika muna 1998, Russia yakagadziriswa mushure mekutengesa kwemafuta emafuta kwakaparadza mari yacho. Russia yakashata yakaita kuti kuve nekusvibiswa kwezvisizvo kune dzimwe nyika dzinotengesa. Zvisinei, IMF yakadzivirira chikwereti chakawanda chisingafi kuburikidza nekupa mari inokosha .

2017 Maitiro

Zvakanaka - Heino nyika mapfumbamwe dzine chikwereti kudarika 10 muzana yehupfumi hwegore negore kana GDP. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana neBrunei, ine mari yakawanda yekubhadhara mabasa ehurumende. Iyi mari inowanikwa zvikuru kubva kuzvinhu zvepanyika . Vane hutano hwakanaka hweGDP , saka havadi kuwedzera kukura kwehupfumi kuburikidza nekuderedza mari. Vamwe, kufanana neWallis ne Futuna, vachiri nehupfumi hwemadzitateguru hunovimba nekurima.

1. 0.0% - Macau
2. 0.0% - Timor-Leste
3. 3.1% - Brunei
4. 5.6% - Wallis ne Futuna
5. 6.5% - New Caledonia
6. 7.5% - Gibraltar
7. 8.3% - Afghanistan
8. 9.0% - Solomon Islands
9. 9.0% - Estonia

Zvakaipa - Heino nyika 15 dzine chikwereti chevanhu vakawanda kupfuura yegore rose rezvemari. Izvi zvinoreva zvinopfuura 100 muzana yeGDP. Vakawanda vavo vari munjodzi yekusafa. Japan neSingapore ndezvisizvo. Japan inokwereta chikwereti chayo kune vagari vayo, vanotenga hurumende sezvisungo zvekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu oga. Zvikwereti zveSingapore chikwereti chinotarisirwa nehutano hwehupfumi hwekuchengetedza mari. Zvechokwadi, Singapore haina kubhadhara mari yekushaya mari yakawanda kubvira kuma1980.

1. 224% - Japan
2. 180% - Greece
3. 142% - Rebhanoni
4. 131% - Italy
5. 128% - Portugal
6. 127% - Cabo Verde
7. 119% - Mozambique
8. 118% - Jamaica
9. 116% - Gambia
10. 115% - Singapore
11. 114% - Eritrea
12. 108% - Barbados
13. 105% - Cyprus
14. 104% - Ijipiti
15. 104% - Belgium

Icho Chigwa Chakanaka - Nyika idzi hadzina chikwereti chakaipisisa-ku-GDP ratios, asi chiri kukonzera matambudziko emari yavo. IUnited States ine chikwereti chevoruzhinji-ku-GDP chikamu che 77 muzana. Izvozvo hazvioneki zvakashata, asi chikwereti chakabhadhara chiri $ 18 trillion. Iyi mari yakakura kune iyo imwe nyika imwe chete inokwereta. Uyezve, izvi zvinosanganisira chikwereti chevanhu, kwete chikwereti chehurumende yeUnited States inokwereta pachayo. Kana United States ikasarirwa pane chikwereti chayo, iyo yaizounza hupfumi hwepasi rose kumabvi ake. Nokudaro, chikwereti chechikwereti chine ngozi ipi neipi yekutadza hachina kukanganisa kudarika chikwereti chiduku chine mhando yakakwirira yekusasikirwa.

Nyika dzakawanda dziri muEuropean Union dzakapfuurira kuzvipira kwechikwereti chechikwereti. Vashandi vanove vachinetseka nezvekusavapo muGreece , imwe yenyika dzakaipa zvikuru pasi rose, pamwe chete nedzimwe "PIGS": Portugal, Ireland, Italy, neSpain.

Zvisinei, chikwereti-ku-GDP ratios yenyika dzeEurope dziri kubhadhara "PIGS" dzakanyanyawo. IJalimane ine 66 muzana uye France ine 96 muzana. Mabhanki eEurope mavheti makuru ezvo chikwereti ichi, icho chinogona kutumira kunze kweEurope kushandiswa kwehupfumi hwepasi rese.