Ikoko Nyika Dzakawanda Dzakawanda Dzimba
Mari yakafanana yakachengetwa nemabhanga makuru emarudzi haasi mari yekutonga mari nokuti vane zvinangwa zvakasiyana.
Bhengi guru rinotora mari yekugadzirisa kukosha kwemaari ayo, kukurudzira hupfumi, kana kudzivirira kutengesa. Imwe mari inotonga pfuma inongoda kuwana mari yakadzoka.
Heano mamwe emari ayo angave akavhiringidzwa nemari yepfuma yakawanda:
- Mari dzinosungirirwa nemakambani ane hurumende.
- Hurumende yevashandi penheji mari.
- Pfuma yega pfuma.
Maitiro Aanoita NezvekuAmerica yeUnited States
Nhamba yemari inobatwa nehurumende yehupfumi mari inowedzera kaviri kubva muna September 2007, kubva pa $ 3.265 trillion kusvika $ 7.6 trillion muna 2017. Simba ravo reefset iko ikozvino kaviri yeyvese yekodha mari yakabatanidzwa.
Iyi mari yakakura zvokuti inogona kukanganisa marashiro ose. Somuenzaniso, vakatora matanda makuru kuCitigroup, Morgan Stanley, uye Merrill Lynch panguva yematambudziko emari. Vakagadzira kubwinya kwepafa kuLondon uye kuNew York real estate. Iyi mari inowedzera zvakanyanya sezvo varairi vanova vakanyanyisa.
Mafuta emafuta akakwirira akakurudzira kukura kweupfumi hwakawanda mari pakati pa2007 na2014.
Munguva iyoyo, inenge 60 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvavo yakabva kune mafuta uye gas inowanikwa. Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakatadza kukura. Izvi zvakakonzera $ 4 trillion munaDecember 2009 uye $ 5 triloni muna March 2012.
Changamire Wealth Fund inotarirwa
Hurumende yeNorway Pension Fund ndiyo yakakura, maererano neChristian Wealth Fund Institute.
Kubva muna December 2017, yakabata $ 1.03 trillion. Makomborero ayo anobva kuNorth Sea oil drilling operation. Dhesi yemari yemafuta uye mune mari yeNorway, krone, inodhura chikwereti $ 17 mabhiriyoni muna March 2015.
Middle Eastern Funds . Iyi mari inonyanya kuvimbika kune dzimwe nyika. Zvinoumba chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu cheupfumi hwose mumari yekutonga . Nyika dzekuMiddle East dzichava ne $ 9 triloni kuti dzigadzire muna 2020, maererano nenharo yeMcKinsey,
| Top 10 Middle Eastern Funds (mumabhiriyoni) | Nyika | 2017 |
|---|---|---|
| Abu Dhabi Investment Authority | UAE | $ 828.0 |
| Kuwait Investment Authority | Kuweti | $ 524.0 |
| SAMA | Saudhi Arabhiya | $ 494.0 |
| Qatar Investment Authority | Kwata | $ 320.0 |
| Investment Corp of Dubai | UAE | $ 209.5 |
| Public Investment Corp. | Saudhi Arabhiya | $ 223.9 |
| Mubadala Development Co. | UAE | $ 125.0 |
| Abu Dhabi Investment Council | UAE | $ 123.0 |
| National Development Fund | Iran | $ 91.0 |
| Investment Authority | Ribhiya | $ 66.0 |
China Funds. Nyika dzinotengesa zvikwereti zvezvimwe zvinhu zvakare dzinounganidza mabhizimusi makuru emari yekunze inoda kuiswa. Muenzaniso wakanakisisa weiyi ndiChina, uyo ane fuma mashanu yemari. Yakabatanidzwa, iyi mari inoshandisa $ 2 trillion ye $ 3 trillion nyika yakawanda. Bhandi guru reChinese rinoita kuti vamwe vose varonge mari yavo.
Makambani ane hurumende uye mabhangi anozviisawo saizvozvo. Mari yega yega ine zvinangwa zvakasiyana.
- China Investment Corp: $ 900 biliyoni. Inoshandisa nzvimbo yekutengesa imba, zvivakovheni, uye mabhizinesi ehurumende.
- SAFE Investment Corp: $ 441 mabhiriyoni. Inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvekutsinhanisa zvakatevedzwa kune dzimwe nyika. Dzinosanganisira Investment Company yePublic's Republic of China kuSingapore, Gingko Tree muUnited States, uye Beryl Datura muBritish Virgin Islands. Inowedzera mune zvigadziridzo.
- Hong Kong Mari yeMari: $ 456.6 mabhiriyoni. Inoshandisa mari yekambani yeHang Seng uye inotsigira kugadzikana kwemari kweHong Kong.
- China National National Security Fund: $ 295 mabhiriyoni. Inotarisira mari yakagadziriswa kubva kumabhizimisi ehurumende uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvehurumende. Inowedzera mari muChina. Inoronga kuisa 20 muzana yekubata kwayo mumisika inotarisana neEurope.
- China-Africa Development Fund: $ 5 bhiriyoni. Inoshandisa muzvikwata uye zvisungo muAfrica.
Singapore Funds. Guta / nyika yeSingapore ine mari mbiri, iyo inobata $ 556 mabhiriyoni. Mari yacho inobva kuhuwandu hwekuchengetedza uye huwandu hwekutsvaga kwevanhu nevanhu vemabhizimisi munyika ino yepasiti yezvemari.
Iyo huru ndiyo Hurumende yeSingapore Investment Corporation, ikozvino GIC Private Limited fund. Inobata $ 359 bhiriyoni. Iyo inowanikwa uye inobhadharwa nehurumende. Yakaparadzana mumabhizimisi maduku matatu:
- GIC Asset Management: Inobhadhara muzvikwereti, zvibvumirano, shanduro dzekunze, uye dzimwe shanduko.
- GIC Real Estate: Iyi ine dzimba dzinopfuura 200 munyika 30, pamwe ne REITs .
- GIC Special Investments Private Limited: Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikwata zvakakura zvikuru zvehupfumi hwehupfumi . Inoshandisa mari inotsvaga kutenga, kubhadhara mari, uye zvivakoti.
Imwe mari yeSingapore yepfuma ndiyo Temasek. Inoshandisa $ 197 biliyoni kuburikidza nezvikamu makumi matatu nezviviri. Inonyanya kukoshesa kuitisa mari kuAsia uye kuenzaniswa kwezvikwata zvine simba. Iyo inotenga zvigadzirwa pane nzvimbo dzekutsvaga zvakananga. Temasek yakavhura hofisi yeNew York-based muna 2013. Vanotsvakurudza vaitarisira kuti Temasek yaizoshandura zano rayo kubva pakuva nematombo maduku mubhuruu-chip makambani akanyorwa pamasangano kune mamwe makuru emari.