Izvo Europe Yakabva Ive Ive Nemaoko Emari
Ndezvipi Nyika dziri EU Nhengo
Nyika yeUnited States 28 yenyika ndeye: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany , Greece , Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, uye United Kingdom .
Izvozvo zvichadonhera kusvika 27 apo Brexit inokonzera UK kubva muEU.
Iyo Inoshanda Sei
IU EU inopedza zvose kutonga kwemuganhu pakati pemitezo. Iko kunobvumira kusununguka kwezvimwe zvinhu uye vanhu, kunze kwekusaona nzvimbo dzakatarisa zvekuparwa kwemhosva nemishonga. IU EU inotumira hurumende yehutano-ye-inyanzvi kune nhengo dzayo. Nzvimbo dzinobatsira kuburitswa kwezvakatipoteredza, tsvakurudzo uye kubudirira, uye simba.
Zvibvumirano zvepaguru zvakasununguka kune vapeji vanobva kune imwe nhengo yenyika. Chero chero chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa munyika imwe chinogona kutengeswa kune imwe nhengo pasina mutero kana mabasa. Mitero yose yakaenzaniswa. Vashandi vezvizhinji mazano (mutemo, mishonga, kutarisa, kubhengi, inshuwarisi, nezvimwewo) inogona kushanda munyika dzose dzinhengo. Somugumisiro, mari yekufambisa ndege, internet, uye foni dzakawira zvakanyanya.
Iyo Inotungamirirwa Sei
Mitatu mitatu inoshandisa EU. EU EU inomirira hurumende dzehurumende. Paramende inosarudzwa navanhu.
I European Commission ndiyo EU. Vanoita kuti nhengo dzose dzinoshanda nguva dzose mumunharaunda, zvekurima, uye zvehupfumi. Mipiro ye € 120 mabhiriyoni pagore kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzinoshandisa mari kuUnited States.
Hezvino iyo mitumbi mitatu inotsigira mitemo inodzora EU. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa mumutsara wezvibvumirano uye zvinotsigira mitemo:
- IE EU Council inotarisa mitemo uye inoronga mutemo mutsva. Utungamiri hwezvematongerwe enyika, kana Presidency yeEU, inotungamirirwa nemutungamiri akasiyana nemwedzi mitanhatu.
- Eparamende yeEuropean inopikisana uye inobvumira mitemo yakasarudzwa neChristian Council. Nhengo dzayo dzinosarudzwa makore ose mashanu.
- Vashandi veEuropean Commission uye vanoita mitemo. Jean-Claude Juncker ndiye Mutungamiri kusvikira muna 2019.
Schengen Area
Schengen Area inochengetedza kusununguka kusununguka kune avo vanogara zviri pamutemo mumiganhu yayo. Vagari nevashanyi vanogona kudarika miganhu vasina kuwana visa kana kuratidza pasi dzavo. Pakazara, pane 26 nhengo dzeSchengen Area. Ndiwo: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Iceland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, neSwitzerland.
Nyika mbiri dzeUnited States (Ireland neUnited States) dzakaramba mitero yeSchengen. Nyika ina dzisina EU (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, neSwitzerland) dzakagamuchira Schengen Agreement. Nzvimbo nhatu nhengo dzinokosha dzeEU uye chikamu cheSchengen Area: the Azores, Madeira, uye Canary Islands.
Nyika nhatu dzakazarura miganhu neSchengen Area: Monaco, San Marino, uye Vatican City.
I Euro, Eurozone, uye ECB
Yuro ndiyo mari yakawanda yeEU. Icho chikamu chechipiri chinowanzobatwa munyika, mushure mekudhora kweAmerica. Yakatsiva lira yeItaly, French franc, uye German Deutschmark.
IEurozone ine nyika dzose dzinoshandisa euro. Vose vemuUnited States vanobvuma kutendeukira kune euro, asi 19 chete vanosvika kure. NdiAustria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia neSpain. Eurozone yakasikwa muna 2005.
IEuropean Central Bank ndiyo bhizimusi reUnited States. Inogadzirisa mitemo yemari uye inochengetedza mabhengi ekukweretesa kwebhangi uye kune dzimwe nyika .
Chinangwa chayo chinowedzera kutengesa zvishoma kune 2 muzana.
Iyi chati inoratidza kuti nyika dzipi nhengo dzeEU, eurozone, uye nzvimbo yeSchengen.
| Nyika | EU Member | Schengen | Euro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria, Belgium, Germany , Greece , Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia neSpain | Ehe | Ehe | Ehe |
| Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Sweden | Ehe | Ehe | Aihwa |
| Ayarendi | Ehe | Aihwa | Ehe |
| Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania | Ehe | Yakamirira | Aihwa |
| Saipurasi | Ehe | Yakamirira | Ehe |
| Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland | Aihwa | Ehe | Aihwa |
| United Kingdom | Kubuda | Aihwa | Aihwa |
Nhoroondo
Muna 1951, pfungwa yeEuropean trade trade yakatanga kuiswa. IEuropean Coal and Steel Community yakanga ine nhengo nhanhatu dzakatanga: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg neNetherlands. Muna 1957, Chibvumirano cheRoma chakasimbisa mutengo mumwechete. Yakabvisa mitambo yemitambo muna 1968. Inoisa mukana mitemo yakawanda, zvikurukuru mune zvekutengeserana uye zvekurima. Muna 1973, ECSC yakawedzera Denmark, Ireland, uye UK. Yakagadzira Paramende yekutanga muna 1979. Girisi yakabatana muna 1981, yakatevera naSpain nePortugal muna 1986.
Muna 1993, Chibvumirano cheMaastricht chakagadzira European Union inowanikwa mushambadzi. Makore maviri gare gare, EU yakawedzera Austria, Sweden, neFinland. Muna 2004, dzimwe nyika gumi nemaviri dzakabatana: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, uye Slovenia.
Muna 2009, Sangano reLisbon rakawedzera masimba eParamende yeEuropean. Yakapa EU mvumo yepamutemo yekukurukurirana nekunyora zvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda. Yakawedzera hurumende yeUnited States kumiganhu yekudzora, kushambadzira, kubatanidzwa kwekutonga munyaya dzehurumende nemhosva, uye mapurisa anobatana. Yakasiya pfungwa yeEuropean Constitution. Mutemo weEurope uchiri kushandiswa nezvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda.
Nhau
Brexit. Musi waJune 23, 2016, United Kingdom yakasarudza kubva kuEuropean Union. Zvinogona kutora makore maviri kutaurirana nemashoko ekubuda. Dzimwe nhengo dzeUnited States dzakakumbira kubvisa kare. Kuvhiringidzika kwakaderedza kukura kwebhizimisi kumakambani anoshanda muEurope.
Makambani eU.S. ndivo varairi vepamusoro muBritain. Vakapa $ 588 mabhiriyoni uye vakashandisa vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni. Makambani aya anoshandisa iyo senzira yekudhonza kushambadzira neEU. Kuiswa kweBritain kuUnited States kune imwecheteyo. Izvozvo zvinogona kukwanisa kusvika kumamiriyoni maviri eMUS US / British. Hazvizivikanwi chaizvo kuti vangani vanochengetwa nevagari veUnited States.
Zuva rakatevera musarudzo, Dow yakawira mazana matanhatu . Yuro yakawa 2 muzana kune $ 1.11 . Mukutarisana nekusagadzikana kwakawanda, mitengo yegoridhe yakasimuka 6 kubva pamadhora kubva ku $ 1,255 kusvika ku $ 1,330.
Chii chakaita Brexit ? Vakawanda muUnited States, semamwe marudzi eEU, vane hanya nezvekusununguka kwekusununguka kwevakabva kune dzimwe nyika uye vapoteri. Havasi kuda zvinetso zvebhajeti nemitemo yakagadzwa neEU. Vanoda kunakidzwa nekubatsirwa kwekusununguka kusununguka kwemari uye kutengeserana, asi kwete mari.
Crisis Refugee. Muna 2015, vapoteri vane mamiriyoni 1.2 kubva kuAfrica uye kuMiddle East vakadurura nemiganhu yayo. Mune Zuva Rutsva Idzva 2016, boka revapoteri vaduku rakabatwa uye rinorwiswa zvevakadzi nevakadzi vanopfuura 600. Somugumisiro, nyika dzakawanda dzeEU dzakasimbiswa pamiganhu yavo. Izvo zvakanyanyisa 8 000 vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika muGreece. EU yakasimbisa chibvumirano neTurkey kuti idzorezve vapoteri vakanga vasvika kuGreece. Mukudzoka, EU inobhadhara Turkey 6 mabhiriyoni ema euro. Mukusarudzwa kwaSeptember 2017, kushorwa kune vapoteri kunokwidza mari yeMerkel nehuwandu hwavo muhurumende.
Chikwereti cheGreek Chikwereti. Muna 2011, mhirizhonga yeGrisi yeGrisi yakatyisidzira pfungwa ye eurozone. Ndizvo zvava kuda kuita kuti zvikwereti zvikwereti zvakanyanya muPortugal, Italy, Ireland, neSpain. Vatungamiri veUnited States vakavimbisa vashandi kuti vaizosimuka kumashure emari yavo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakapa matanho ekuchengetedza matambudziko enyika. Vaida kuti nhengo dzose dziremekedze zvikwereti zvinokonzerwa neMaastricht Treaty zvinodiwa.
2008 Financial Crisis. Muna Gumiguru 2008, iEcb yakawedzera maitiro kusvika ku425 muzana kurwisana ne4% yekupera kwemazana kunokonzerwa nemitengo yepamusoro yeiri . Yuro yakasimbisa, inowedzera simba reE export. Imwe mitemo yakaderera 4.4 muzana, iyo yakaderera zvikuru kubva muna 2003.
IECB yakashandura kuenda kumatambudziko-kutonga munaOctober, apo Lehman Brothers vakashaya. Pakazosvika May 2009, yakaderedza chiyero ichi kusvika pa1 muzana Asi yakatanga kusimudza mitero zvakare munguva pfupi. Pakazosvika gore raJuly 2011, chiyero chacho chaive mazana mashanu kubva muzana, zvichiita kuti chikwereti chiwedzere uye kutengesa. Muna December 2011, yakaderedza chiyero ichi kubva pasi kusvika ku1 muzana. Muna March 2015, ECB yakatanga kutenga € 60 biliyoni muuro-maitiro ehurumende pamwedzi. Kuiswa kwayo kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa zvishoma kwakakonzera kukosha kwe euro kusvika pa $ 1.06 kubva pa $ 1.20 munaJanuary. Kubvira panguva iyo, euro yekuda kutendeuka yakasimbisa.
Muna 2007, EU yakashambadza hupfumi hwepasi rose . Chigadzirwa chayo chemhuri chakange chiri $ 14.4 trillion, ichirova GDP yeUnited States ye $ 13.86 trillion. IU EU yakabatanidzwa panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro kuburikidza nematambudziko emari muna 2008 uye eurokone chikwereti chinetso . Muna 2013, maUnited States akadzoka zvakare pfupi. China yakatora nzvimbo yakakwirira muna 2014.
Kukosha kwero euro kwakaramba kuchikwira kusvikira dambudziko rekwereti muna 2007 . Panguva iyoyo, kwaiva nekuenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka kuenda kudhora, rakasimbisa dhora . Izvo euro yakashaya simba haina kukurudzira kutengeswa kwenyika nekuda kwekuderera kwekutsvaga kwenyika yose.