Chikonzero Nei Mutero Unokwidza Mitengo
Mitero inonziwo tsika, kutengeserana, kana kutumira mari. Vanogona kukweretwa kune dzimwe nyika , asi izvozvo hazviwanzoitiki.
Paavhareji, mutero unenge wakapoteredza 5 muzana. Nyika dzinotonga mitero yakasiyana yakasiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwavanodzivirira. Vanowedzerawo mitero yekutengesa, mitero yemunharaunda, uye mari yepamutero. Hurumende dzinounganidza izvi nenguva yekuregererwa kwemitemo.
Nyika dzakasungirirwa mutero kana dziine zvibvumirano zvekutengesa kusununguka pamwe chete. IUnited States ine mvumo yekutengeserana nevatunhu vanopfuura makumi maviri. Mabhizimisi eStudio US anotsvaga kutengeserana kwavo kunyika idzi. Vanoshandisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kuti vashandise huchenjeri hunotengeswa mumakambani. Vatengi vadzo kune dzimwe nyika vanobhadhara mari shomanana yekutengeserana kwekuUnited States nokuti iyo haina mutero-isina.
Chibvumirano cheTariff Schedule rinorondedzera mimwe mitero yezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe zveAmerica. Inonzi "hubatanidzwa" nokuti yakabva kune International International Agreement.
Iko inobvumira nyika kuisa zvinhu zvekutengesa zvakafanana pakati pavo. Izvo zvinorondedzera zvinhu mazana mashanu kana mazana matatu zvezvinhu zvepasi rese zvekutengesa. I International Trade Commission inoparidzidza Purogiramu. Sangano reUnited States rinotara mutengo.
IHTS ndiyo mutungamiri. Iko US Customs uye Border Protection (kana kuti hofisi yekodzero kune imwe nyika) ndiyo simba rekupedzisira rinotarisa mutengo.
Ndiyo chete yehurumende inogona kupa mazano epamutemo. Inobatsirawo pakugadzirisa maitiro ekutumira kwako.
Pros uye Cons
Vashandi vekuAmerica vanodzokera shure uye mberi pamusoro pekuti matarenda akanaka kana kwete. Apo indasitiri yepamhizha inonzwa ichityisidzirwa, inokumbira Congress kuti ibhadhara vatengesi vayo vokunze kune dzimwe nyika. Inobatsira icho chikamu, uye icho chinowanzogadzira mamwe mabasa. Izvo zvinovandudza vashandi vanorarama, asi zvinowedzerawo kutengeswa kwematengo. Mitero inomanikidzira tradeoff pakati pevashandi nevatengi.
Rimwe dambudziko remitengo ndeyokuti dzimwe nyika dzinowanzodzorera. Vanokwidza mutengo pamiti yakadai sekuchengetedza makambani avo epamba. Izvo zvinotungamirira kuhupfumi huri pasi, sezvakaitwa munguva yekudengenyeka kukuru kwegore ra1929 .
Mienzaniso
Mienzaniso inotevera yekutengeswa kweUnited States inoratidza kuti iyo mitero inopinza inoshanda sei. Vanosimbisa zvinyorwa zvavo uye zvisingabatsiri munhoroondo.
Musi waMarch 1, 2018, Mutungamiri Trump akazivisa kuti aizopa 25 muzana mutengo wekutengeserana kwensimbi uye 10 muzana yemari yealuminium. Akazviita kuti awedzere US maitiro emabasa. Asi mutengo unozosimudzira mari yevashandisi vese, semagetsi. Vachapfuura ipapo kune vatengi. Mutungamiri anokwanisa kuita pasina Congress kuti agamuchire kubvisa zvinotengeswa zvinotyisidzira kuchengeteka kwenyika.
The Commerce Department yakashuma kuti kuvimba kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa zvinotyisidzira kukwanisa kweUnited States kuita zvombo. Mutengo unoshungurudza China zvakanyanya. Upfumi hwayo hunoenderana zvikuru nekutengeserana kwensimbi. Kutama kwaTump kunouya mwedzi mushure mokunge aisa mitsara uye zvinyorwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwezuva panhare uye mishonga yekugeza.
MunaJune 1930, Smoot-Hawley Tariff yakagadzira kare-yakakwirira mitero yezvokurima zvekurima. Chinangwa chayo chaiva kutsigira varimi vekuAmerica vakanga vaparadzwa neDust Bowl . Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemitengo yepamusoro yezvokudya yakakuvadza vaAmerica vakanga vachitambura nemigumisiro yeKuDzvinyirira Kukuru . Yakamanikidzwawo dzimwe nyika kuti dzidzorere nekuzvipira kwayo pachavo. Somugumisiro, kushambadzira kwepasi rose kwakaderera 65 muzana.
Muna 1922, Congress yakagadza Fordney-McCumber Tariff kune zvigadzirwa zvekunze, kunyanya chirongwa.
Vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika vaipindura kuguta kwemiti yepurazi. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, varimi vekuEurope havana kukwanisa kubereka. Dzimwe nyika dzakatsiva zvokudya zvavo. Apo varimi vekuEurope vakadzokera pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu, yakawedzera chikafu chekudya kunze kwekuda kwenyika yose. Sezvo mutengo wakaderera, varimi veUnited States vakapopotera.
Musi waApril 22, 1828, hurumende yehurumende yakabhadhara Mutero weZinyangadzo pazvinhu zvakawanda zvakatengeswa. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza nhamba dzekuchamhembe. Pane kudaro, zvinokuvadza South. Ndiyo nokuti yakaita zvinhu zviviri nekusimudza mitengo pamutengo. Chokutanga, yakawedzera mari yezvinhu zvakawanda. Izvozvo zvakakuvadza agrarian South iyo yakawanda.
Chechipiri, yakaderedza kutengeserana neEngland, iyo South's primary buyer yekotoni. Apo mabhizimisi eBritain aisakwanisa kukwikwidzana neveNew England vatengesi, vakatenga katoni shoma. Somugumisiro, mari yekuSouth yakawedzera, uye mari yayo yakawanikwa yakawira. Ndicho chikonzero vanhu vemuAfrica vanonzi iyi tariff inonyangadza.
Kupikiswa kwebhadharo yakasarudza Andrew Jackson kumutungamiriri wehurumende. Akarova John Quincy Adams, uyo akanga agamuchira. Vachigaro weMutungamiri John Calhoun vakanyora South South Exposition uye Protest. Iyo yakapa kodzero yekuregeredza chero mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika wavasingadi. MunaNovember 1832, South Carolina bumbiro rezvemitemo raisava nehuwandu hwemari. Chiito chacho chakagadzira dambudziko rebumbiro remitemo pamusoro pe "kodzero". MunaJanuary 1833, nyika yakatsigira pasi. Asi kushamwaridzana kwakaramba kwakakwirira, zvichibatsira kutanga kweHondo Yenyika. (Zvinyorwa: Martin Kelly, "Tariff yezvinonyangadza," ThoughtCo. "History and Archives," US House of Representatives.)