Zvikonzero Zvina Nei Kutengeserana Kwepasi Pose Kuri Kuderera
Muna 2017, kutengesa kwenyika yose kwakawedzera 10,5 muzana. Muna 2016, yakabvumirana ne4 muzana. Yakanga yakura 2 muzana muna 2015, uye 3.4 muzana muna 2014. Inodzokera kune avhareji yegore yega yega 10 kubva muzana yekukura kubva muna 1961 na2013.
Kushandiswa kwepasi rose kunobatsira vanenge 27 muzana kune hupfumi hwepasi rese. Kusvikira muna 2008 matambudziko emari , kutengeserana kwenyika kwakawedzera 1.9 nguva nokukurumidza kudarika hupfumi. Kusvikira 2017, kutengeserana kwakawedzera zvishoma kudarika hupfumi hwepasi rese.
Zvikonzero Zvina Nei Kutengeserana Kwepasi Pese Kwakapera
Pane zvikonzero zvina zvekuderera kwemazuva ano. Chokutanga, Soviet Union yakagumburwa muma1990. Izvozvo zvakabvumira nyika dzakadai sePoland, Czech Republic, uye East Germany kuti dzifambe apo dzikauyazve mune zvehupfumi hwenyika yose.
Chechipiri, China yakabatana neWorld Trade Organisation muna 2001. Zviitiko zviviri izvi zvakakonzera kukura. Asi mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, zvipo zvavo zvakagadzikana.
Chechitatu, gore ra2008 dambudziko rezvemari rakaderera kushambadzira nekukura.
Makambani akawanda akava akachenjera zvikuru. Vashandi vakanga vasingakwanisi kupedza. Chikamu cheizvi ndechokuti vakange vakura. Vaifanira kuvaka zvakare kuchengetedza kwavo basa. Vechidiki vakatarisana nehuwandu husina maturo emabasa. Vakanga vaine nguva yakaoma kuwana basa ravo rakatanga. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti vakanga vasingakwanisi kuroora uye kutenga misha.
Vakawanda vavo vaivewo nezvikwereti zvikoro zvekuchikoro.
Chechina, nyika dzakagadziriswa mamwe maitiro ekudzivirira . Muna 2015, hurumende dzakawedzera zvinyararire 539 zvigadziro zvebhizimisi. Izvi zvaisanganisira kubhadhara mari , hurumende inobhadhara kumabhizimisi emhuri uye mitemo yekurambidza .
Makomborero eNyika Dzebhizimisi
Zvokutengeserana zvinoshandisa mabasa uye zvinowedzera kukura kwehupfumi. Vanopa makambani emhuri mamwe ruzivo mukugadzira kune dzimwe nyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, makambani anowana mukana wokukwikwidzana mukutengesa kwenyika yose. Trade inoitawo makambani akawanda anoshanda. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vatengesi vanobudirira zvikuru kupfuura makambani anotarisa kutengeswa kwedzimba.
Imitambo inobvumira makwikwi ekunze kuderedza mitengo yevatengi. Inopawo vatengesi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu uye mabasa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvipembenene uye zvekunze-zve-mwaka michero nemiriwo.
Kukanganisa kweMabhizimisi Edzimhosva
Nzira chete yekusimudzira kunze kwekutengeserana ndeyokuita bhizinesi nyore nyore. Hurumende dzinoita izvi kuburikidza nekuderedza mitengo uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinotengeswa. Izvozvo zvinoderedza mabasa mumakambani emakambani asingakwanisi kurwisana pasi rose. Inotungamirirawo kumabasa ekutsvaga basa . Ndiyo apo makambani anoshanyira mahofisi ehofisi, mahofisi ekambanikiti nekugadzira. Vanosarudza nyika ine mari shoma yekugara .
Nyika dzine hupfumi hwemagariro dzinogona kurasikirwa nehupfumi hwemunharaunda. Izvi ndezvokuti hupfumi hwakagadziriswa hutsigira hupfumi hwavo. Vose United States neEuropean Union vanoita izvi. Izvozvo zvinopfuudza matengo evarimi vemo.
US International Trade
US exports yakanga iri $ 2.2 trillion muna 2016. Izvo zvakawedzera 13 muzana kune zvekugadzirisa zvemari sezvakaenzaniswa nemiti yakawanda yemiti . Yakagadzirawo mamiriyoni gumi emabasa. Yakawanda yehupfumi hweUnited States inokonzerwa nekushandisa mukati uye haitore kunze. Mukuwedzera, chikamu chikuru chehupfumi ndezvemashoko. Izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kutengesa. Kuti uwane zvakawanda nezvekushandiswa kwebhizimisi muhupfumi, ona GDP Components .
Pasinei nezvose zvinogadzira, United States inopinza zvinopfuura izvo zvinotengeswa. Muna 2017, kutengeswa kwaiva $ 2.9 trillion. Yakawanda iyo ndiyo zvinhu zvakakosha , zvakadai semakombiyuta, uye zvinhu zvekutengesa , zvakadai sefoni.
Imba yeimba ye shale yemapurisa yakaderedza kutengeswa kwemafuta uye zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu veAmerica vachibatsirwa nekutengeswa kwenyika, vanobviswa kubva kuGDP.
IUnited States ine dambudziko rekushanda . Muna 2017, kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda kwakabudisa $ 566 mabhiriyoni kubva kuGDP. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Kuisa uye Kutumira Zvinhu .
Mutungamiri Trump anoda kuderedza kudarika uku nematanho ekudzivirira . Muna March 2018, akazivisa kuti aizoita kuti ape mutero we 25% pamutengo wechipfumi uye 10 muzana mutengo paaluminium. Yakasvika mwedzi mushure mokunge aisa mutero uye zvinyorwa zvinotengeswa kune dzimwe nyika panotengeswa magetsi uye mishonga yekugeza. Misika yemabhizimisi yakawira, sevanyori vane hanya nezviito zveTrump zvingangotanga hondo yebhizimisi .
US Trade Agreements
Nyika dzinoda kuwedzera kutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda dzinotaurirana zvibvumirano zvekutengesa kusununguka . Heano ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekutengeserana kweUnited States:
- Sangano reNorth America Free Trade Agreement ndiro nzvimbo huru yepasi pose yekutengeserana. Iri pakati peUnited States, Canada neMexico . Iyo inopedza mitengo yose iri pakati penyika nhatu, kutengesa katatu kune $ 1.2 triliyoni. Heino zvakanakira , zvisingabatsiri uye nhoroondo uye chinangwa . Musi waJanuary 23, 2017, Mutungamiri Trump akasayira mutemo mukuru wekutaurirana zvakare NAFTA. Kana nhaurirano isingabudiriri, Trump inopikisa kurasa NAFTA.
- ITrans-Pacific Partnership yakataurirana pakati peUnited States nedzimwe nyika gumi neimwe. Zvose nyika dziri muganhu muPacific. Vaiva Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore uye Vietnam. Zvingadai zvakasimudzira kushambadzira nekutsvaga mari pakati peTPP pamwe chete nenyika. Iyo TPP yaisanganisira zvitsva zvekutengeserana zvinotarisana nekukwirirana kwemitemo uye kutsigirwa kwemabhizimisi maduku. IAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation yakatsigira iyo. Mutungamiri Trump akasayira mutemo mukuru kuti abve paTPP musi waJanuary 23, 2017.
- Sangano reTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership raizobatanidza United States neEU. Idzi ndidzo mbiri mbiri dzepasi pose . Ingadai yakarongedza zvikamu zvinodarika chetatu zvehupfumi hwepasi pose. Izvozvo zvingadai zvakaita kuti ive nzvimbo huru yepasi pose yekutengeserana. Chinovhiringidza chikuru mabhizinesi kune dzimwe nyika. Vose vari vaviri vanobatanidza mabhizimusi vane ruzivo rwakakura rwezvokudya zvavo. EU inorambidza zvipenyu zvakagadziridzwa sezvokudya. Inodzivirirawo maantibhakitiriya nemhomoni mumhuka dzakamutswa kudyiwa. Chigaro cheMutungamiri Trump pachibvumirano ichi hachisi pachena.
IUnited States ine dzimwe dzakawanda dzekushandira zvibvumirano zvezvematongerwo enyika uye zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika. Yakabatanidzwawo mune inonyanya kukosha kubvumirana kwebhizimusi , General Agreement pamusoro peTariffs uye Trade . Kunyangwe zvazvo GATT inonyanya kubhadhara, zvigadziriswa zvayo zvinogara muWorld Trade Organization .