Kubatsirwa, Kukanganisika, Mikana, Zvipingamupinyi uye Maitiro Anotevera
IUnited States inoshandisa zvakawanda neEU kupfuura neChina .
Mari yose inoshandiswa inenge iri ku $ 1 trillion, asi TTIP inogona kutora chikamu ichocho. Inogona kusimbisa GDP yeUnited States ne5 muzana uye EU inokwana 3.4 muzana. Izvozvo ndezvekubvisa mitero yose nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvebhizimisi.
Kana ikapedzwa, TTIP yaizova hurukuro yekuburitsisa yepasi rese. Izvozvo zvingasimbisa simba reUnited Economy . Ingazova huru kudarika North North Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ). Zvingave zvakakura kudarika Trans-Pacific Partnership. (Ikoko: "Uyai, TTIP," The Economist, February 16, 2013.)
Kukosha kweUnited States kwakanyanya kukurudzira kune dzimwe nyika kutengesa zvakakwana (FDI). Makambani eEurope akashandisa $ 1.5 triliyoni, kana kuti 63 muzana, yeDFR yakazara muUnited States. Makambani eAmerica akashandisa $ 1.7 trillion, kana 50 muzana, yeDDI muEurope muna 2009.
Aya mazvikwereti anoshandisa vashandi mamiriyoni mana kumativi maviri eAtlantic. Ndizvo zvinoshandiswa nevakawanda nevanoshamwaridzana veEuropean kana US-based-based companies.
Somuenzaniso, kambani yeGermany Siemens, inoshandisa vanhu 60 000 muUnited States. General Electric inoshandisa vashandi 70 000 muEurope. (Kubva: " US-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Nheyo Dzakakosha yeChirungu 112 ," Congressional Research Service, January 18, 2012.)
Mutungamiri Obama vakagura TTIP panguva yeHerald's State of the Union Address .
Zuva rakatevera, vamiririri vezvekutengesa vakatanga "maitiro emukati anodiwa kuti vatange nhaurirano." (Kubva: "US, EU Yakazivisa Chisarudzo Chokutanga Kutaurirana pamusoro peTTIP," USTR, February 13, 2017.)
Pros
Kubatsira kweTTIP kunooneka. Kukura kukuru kwaizoita mabasa uye kubudirira kwezvinhu zvose. Mutungamiriri wekare wekuAmerican David Cameron akazivisa kuti inogona kuumba mabasa emamiriyoni maviri. (Kubva: "EU / US Deal Trade Deal Inogona Kubhadhara £ 100 Bhiriyoni," Belfast Telegraph, June 18, 2013.)
Mamwe maindasitiri aizobatsirwa kupfuura mamwe. Somuenzaniso, makambani ekushandisa zvinodhaka aizodhura mari. Ndiyo yokuti pane imwechete inobvumirana-purogiramu yekuedza zvinodhaka yeU.S. uye EU. Imbizi yemotokari yemagetsi yaizobatsira kuburikidza nekutevedzera imwechete yakabatana. Varimi veAmerica vaigona kukura kana EU yakabvumira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekurimisa.
Chibvumirano chichasimbisa kumira kwemaoopolitical kweTrans-Atlantic bloc kupikisa simba rinosimudzira hupfumi reChina, India , nedzimwe nyika dzePacific, uyewo kubudirira kubudirira kweLatin America. Kana United States neEU zvingasimbisa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinogona kumira sechisungo chakabatana pakatarisana nematengesi kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
Cons
Mabhizimisi akawanda aigona kutambura kubva mukukwikwidza kwakawedzera kubva kuEurope.
Izvozvo zvingaguma nemabasa mashoma kuvashandi veAmerica. Izvi zvinokanganisa kuenda kune chero sangano rekushandira .
Semuenzaniso, vekuEurope mabhizimusi aizotambura neAmerican-inodyiwa zvokudya zvishoma. Vose hurumende vaifanira kumira kudzivirira mabhizimisi akadai seFrench Champagne. Boeing, kambani yeAmerican ndege, iri mumakwikwi anotyisa pasi rose neFrance Airbus. Chibvumirano chinogona kukuvadza chimwe chinopfuura chimwe.
Zvipingamupinyi
Chinovhiringidza chikuru ndicho chimiro chakachengetedzwa chemabhizimisi emarudzi ose enyika. Vose vanogamuchira rubatsiro rwehurumende . Hazvigoneki kuti vashandisi vebhizimisi vangaderedza huwandu hwehutsigiro hwehurumende. Izvozvo zvinowedzera mitengo yezvokudya zvekare.
IU EU inorambidza zvirimwa zvose zvinogadziriswa. Iyo inorambidza nyama kubva kumhuka inobatwa nekukura kwehomoni. Inorambawo huku yehuku yakashambidzwa ne chlorine.
Aya ndiwo maitiro anowanikwa nekudya kweUnited States. Vashandi vokuEurope vaizopikisa kana izvi zvidziviswa zvakasimudzwa. Vanoda kudzivirirwa kubva pane zvakasvibiswa kana zvakaderera zvekudya. (Inobva: "Kushani Kwakaita Chlorine Chicken Kunodzivirira US Union Trade," Washington Post, February 13, 2013.)
Zvino pane zvakawanda zviduku. Somuenzaniso, Greece inoda chero chese inonzi "feta" inogadzirwa nemakwai kana mbudzi. US dairies anoita feta cheese kubva mumukaka wemhou.
Hazvikwanisiki kuti EU inopindira mumitemo yekusununguka. Zvechokwadi, kushorwa kwekudzikisa mitemo iyi ndiyo inozopedzisira yakaratidza rufu rwekufa kweDoha kuzere kwehurukuro dzebhizimusi renyika.
Mikana
Chimwe chiitiko chekukunda izvi zvipingamupinyi zvingangodaro zvakasungirirwa. Kukurukurirana kunogona kubudirira munzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kubata pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, kusara kwemari kunogona kubviswa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvingave nehuwandu hwehupfumi, sezvo mari yekutengeserana yakatoderera.
Mamiriro ezvinhu
Musi waJune 23, 2016, Great Britain yakasarudza kubva kuEuropean Union. Iyo inokanda hurukuro yacho mune imwe nzira itsva yekusava nechokwadi. Zvinogona kutora makore maviri kuitira tsanangudzo yekubuda kwayo kuti iite. Makore iwayo inzvimbo yake senhengo yesangano rekutengeserana. Ikoti inotsigira kupesana kwepasi rose uye kupikisa mazwi ekutengeserana mukati meCongress.
Nharo yegumi nhatu yekutaurirana yakatanga musi waOctober 20, 2015, muMiami. Kukurukurirana pamusoro pezvokudya kunoramba kuripo. (Chinobva: "Mitemo yezvokudya inoratidza kuti zvakaoma kuvhara," The Wall Street Journal, Gumiguru 20, 2015.)
Musi waApril 16, 2015, Congress yakapa Mutungamiri nekutsvaga-kutengeserana kwekutengeserana kodzero kusvika muna 2021. Yakabvumira Mutungamiri Obama kuti aenderere mberi nekukurukurirana kwekupedzisira. Kutsanya-kureva kunoreva kuti Congress inogona kupa zvigunwe kumusoro kana kuti zvigunwe pasi pasi rese rekutengeserana. Havagoni kudzokerazve pane chimwe chinhu chechibvumirano chakawanda chebhizimusi. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune hutungamiri kupedzisa kukurukurirana. (Kubva: Vatungamiri vepamusoro veUnited States Strike Fast Track Deal, CBS , April 16, 2015.)
Kukurukurirana kwakatanga mushure me 2013 G8 Summit . Mushure mokunge Obama weGurukota reMubatanidzwa weChishanu muna 2013, iyo maviri maviri akabvumirana kuti agadzirise Dhigirii reZvibato Rokushanda paMabasa uye Kukura (HLWG) Gwaro sechikonzero chekuenderera mberi nhaurirano. IHLWG yakasarudzwa muna 2011 kuti iwane nzira yakanakisisa yokusvika pane chimwe chinhu paTTIP.
Musi waFebruary 11, 2013, HLWG yakapa mazano akarongwa munzvimbo nhatu dzinotevera:
Kuwanika Kwemisika - Nzira yakanakisisa yekuvandudza iyi ichange iri kune:
- Bvisa mabasa ose nemitengo yezvinhu zvisiri izvo. Ramba uchitaura nhaurirano yemakwenzi asinganzwisisiki, zvakadai sezvikwata zvebhizimisi uye zvekurima
- Ita zvinodhaka uye chikwata zvinoda kuve zvakajeka kune mamwe mabasa.
- Kusununguka kwekutsvaga mari yekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa.
- Kuvandudza ruzivo rwekutenga mikana yehurumende.
Kunze kweBorder Process and Regulations - Izvi zvinopesana mumagariro asingatori mitemo kana mitemo asi achiri kuita kuti zvive nyore kune makambani ekune imwe nyika kuita bhizinesi. Kuti akunde izvi, HLWG inokurudzira kuti mativi maviri:
- Shandisa maitiro akaiswa neShoko Trade Organisation (WTO) kushandisa nzira dzakabvumirana pane zvesayenzi kugadzirisa nyaya dzakachena. Mune mamwe mazwi, EU inoda kuderedza kuramba kwayo kubvuma GMO uye kudya kwehomoni. (Izvi zvingava zvakaoma kugadzirisa.)
- Shandisa mitemo yeWTO kuti uite kuongororwa kwakafanana, chiyeuchidzo uye zvinoenderana nemitemo.
- Shanda pamwe chete kuti ushandise hutungamiri huripo nekuvandudza mitemo mitsva
- Ikoko mitemo uye zvigwaro zvichiti zvakasiyana, kubvumirana kugamuchira zvinhu zvakagamuchirwa nemabasa kubva kune imwe yebhizimisi. (Somuenzaniso, vanachiremba nevasimistari vangashandisa malayisensi avo kuti vashande kupi zvako munzvimbo yekutengesa.)
- Kuvandudza nzira dzekushandira pamwe pakuvandudza mitemo yeramangwana.
Mitemo Inotaura Nekugoverana Munyika Yose Maitirwo Matambudziko uye Mikana - Iyi ndeye nyaya dzichaisa mutemo wezvokutengeserana kune dzimwe nzvimbo. IHLWG inokurudzira kuti mativi ose maviri:
- Shingairira uye kuisa hutano hwakabatana pakudzivirira kodzero dzekudzivirira kodzero.
- Itai nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo uye kuchengetedzwa kwebasa muTTIP, uchishandisa mirayiridzo iripo.
- Kusvika chibvumirano munzvimbo dzakakosha kutengeserana kwenyika yose. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsika uye kushandiswa kwebhizimisi, mazano emakwikwi, mabhizinesi ehurumende, kuchengetedzwa kwemabhizimisi emunharaunda, zvishandiso uye simba, mabhizimisi maduku-uye mashizha, uye pachena. (Mhedziso: " Gwaro Rekupedzisira ," HLWG, February 11, 2013.)
Nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano, ona United States Mission kuEuropean Union.