Chikonzero nei nzvimbo huru yekutengeserana yenyika yakakundikana
Hurukuro dzakatanga pakarepo kupedza kweSangano reNorth America Free Trade muna 1994 uye raifanira kunge rakapedzerwa naJanuary 1, 2005.
Asi Venezuela , Argentina, Bolivia, neBrazil inopikisana nechokuita. Pakazosvika gore ra2002, kukurukurirana kwakatanga kukanganisa sezvo vatungamiri vatsva vakasarudzwa vakatanga kupikisa zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvakanga zvambotaurwa kuti zvivepo. Panguva iyoyo, vaitsvaga South South kubatana vasina hurumende yeUnited States. Iyi pfungwa, inozivikanwa se "Bolivarism," yakakurudzirwa naMutungamiri weVenzuelan Hugo Chavez. Yakanyatsotsigirwa nemutungamiri weBolivia Evo Morales uye Mutungamiri weArginia Nestor Kirchner. iyo inotarisirwa kutsigirwa neMutungamiri weBrazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. Idzi nyika dzakatungamirira kusikwa kwesangano rebhizimisi raMercosur uye bhaganisi reBanco de Sur .
Somugumisiro, nhaurirano dzeFTAA dzakasiiwa munaNovember 2004. Pane kudaro, United States uye nyika nhatu zvakasaina Central Central Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement muna August 2004. Nyika idzodzo dzaisanganisira Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica uye Dominican Republic.
CAFTA yakawedzera kukosha kwekutengesa kwezvinhu ne 71 muzana, kusvika ku $ 60 mabhiriyoni muna 2013.
Kungofanana nedzimwe dzakawanda dzekutengeserana, FTAA ingadai yakawedzera zvekutengeserana nekubvisa mitero uye zvimwe zvekubhadhara mari. Zvingadai zvakavandudza mararamiro ekukwanisa kwekambani kuburikidza nekugadzirisa hutungamiri hwetsika, kuderedza zvidzidzo zvekodzero dzekutengeserana, nekuvandudzika pachena.
Ingadai yakachengetedza kodzero dzepamutemo, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro okunze nekuchengetedzwa kwebasa. Zvizhinji zvehupfumi hwehurumende, zvakadai sekutengesa materesi, magetsi uye inshuwarheni zvingadai zvakazarurirwa kune dzimwe nyika zvisiri izvo.
Nhengo dzeNyika
Kana iyo yakabvumidzwa, iyo FTAA ingadai yakave pakati pemarudzi ose aya. Zvisinei, vazhinji vavo vakasaina zvibvumirano zvemabhizimisi kana zvibvumirano zvekutsinhanisa neUnited States pane, zvakaratidzwa ne hotlink kusvika pachibvumirano ichocho.
North America : Canada , United States
Caribbean Nyika: Antigua naBarbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic , Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts neNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent uye Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.
Central America : Belize, Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama.
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.
Pros
Chibvumirano chacho chingave chakabatanidza nzvimbo yekutengeserana inoshumira vanhu vanenge 972 mabhiriyoni evanhu vanoita madhora 25,4 triliyoni mumutengo wakazara wekugadzirwa kwepanyika kubva muna 2014. Izvozvo zvingadai zvakaita kuti ive huru yepamusoro -zhinji yekushambadzira kusununguka kwekutengeserana munyika. Kufanana neA NAFTA, zvingadai zvakapa maAmerica makwikwi ekukwikwidzana mune zvekutengesa kwenyika pamwe neEuropean Union, uye pamwe chete nemitemo yakawanda inoshandiswa neChina muPacific.
Zvichienderana nekutaurirana kwekupedzisira, zvingadai zvakabatsira makambani munyika shomanana kurwisana nevaya vari mune simba reMexico neBrazil kuburikidza nekuvapa kukwanisa kumisika iyoyo, pamwe neUnited States neKanada. Imwe misika yakakodzwa mumusha ndicho chikonzero chimwe chekuti United States inonyatsogadzirisa zvinhu zvekutengesa uye zvigadzirwa zvemichina. Zvitsva zvitsva zvinogona kuongerwa mumusika uyu usati watumirwa kune dzimwe nyika. Makambani maduku anogona kunge akabatsirwawo nekombiyuta uye maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kana vakabatana nemakambani makuru eUnited States.
Iyi misika huru ingadai yakapa makambani aya munyika idzi kukwanisa kukudziridza hupfumi hwehuwandu, saka zvakakosha kuderedza mari yekushanda. Pasina izvozvo, zvakaoma zvikuru kumabhizimisi munyika duku kuti vadzikwike pasi rose pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwebhizimisi rekwenyika.
Izvi, zvakare, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuti nyika dzipukunyuka hutsika hwezvemari.
Cons
ITA FTAA yakanga ine dambudziko guru rakafanana rakakonzera NAFTA neC CAFTA uye iyo yakagumisa chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwaDoha mumakwara ayo. Icho ndicho kusaruramisira kusinganzwisisiki kwekuti US federal subsidies inopa kuAmerica zvekurima kune dzimwe nyika. Varimi vemunharaunda vemunharaunda havakwanisi kukwikwidzana nemafashamo ezvigadzirwa zvezvokudya zveSU zvinodhura, vachiisa zvakawanda kubva kunze kwebhizimisi. Somugumisiro, vangadai vakamanikidzwa kutora mabasa muzvigadzirwa zveUnited States zvakatamira kunyika dzavo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisi nzvimbo dzakagadzikana - mafekitari anotamirwa kunzvimbo dzisingabhadhari nzvimbo dzinobuda. Mabasa acho ari pasi-kubhadhara uye haatenderani nemaitiro eUnited States.
Varimi vasingasiyi nyika yavo vanomanikidzwa kuti vabatsirwe, asi vasingabvumirwi nemutemo, zvirimwa zvakadai sekoca, poppies uye mbanje mukuratidza kutengesa kwepamusoro, kana kunyanya kuomanikidzwa, kubva kune zvinodhaka zvemishonga. Ichisimba chinoguma chinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vaende kune imwe nyika, zvose zviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo, kuUnited States.
Izvo zvakatamburawo nemamwe matambudziko akawanda. Nyika dzaifanira kubata mabhizimusi semasangano epamutemo sevanhu. Vamwe vanoti izvi zvaireva, somuenzaniso, makambani aigona kupomera hurumende nokuda kwehupfumi hwakarasikirwa nekuda kwemitemo yekutonga avo vanochengetedza vashandi, vatengi kana nzvimbo.
Nyika dzaisazova nekwanisi yekuchengetedza mimwe michina shoma dzekudzidzira dzakadai sevarimi. Havagoni kukumbira makambani ekune imwe nyika kudzidzisa makambani emunharaunda purogiramu yepamusoro yepamusoro kana vashandi vavo pane unyanzvi hunodiwa kuti hushandise uye kupfuurira mberi kwavo tsvakurudzo. Iyi teknolojia uye hutano huri kutungamirirwa neChina, uye ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvekuwedzera kwenyika iyoyo.
Pakupedzisira, asi kwete zvishoma, makambani ekune dzimwe nyika haana kutarisirwa muFTAA kugovana zvikwereti zvavo nenyika dzenharaunda kana mharaunda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogona kutenga kana kutengesa pfuma yezvigadzirwa zvemari, ndozvipa zvayo nokuda kwekukosha kwayo, uye kwete kugovana zvikwereti nenyika kana vanhu vayo. Kazhinji, vanhu vomunharaunda vanobviswa munharaunda yavo, vanobhadhara kushanda kumakambani, ndokubva vasara nekusvibiswa uye zvirwere zvinoguma.
FTAA Inofananidzwa kune dzimwe Trade Agreements
CAFTA yakawanda kudarika dzimwe zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvekare, zvakadai seA NATA, ikozvino ndiyo nzvimbo huru yepasi pose yekutengeserana. Zvingave zvakasvibiswa neTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership pakati peUnited States neEuropean Union uye TPP, inofanira kupedzeredzwa.
Nhoroondo
Mushure mekunge NAFTA isayinwe, United States yakaronga Sangano reAmerica munaDecember 1994 muMiami. Panguva iyoyo, nyika dzakawanda muAmerica dzaida kushandiswa kwechibvumirano chaizobatsira nzvimbo yacho kurwisana neEU. Zvisinei, zviduku zvakaitwa kusvikira muna 1998, apo nyika dzakasimbisa kushanda komiti kuti dzigadzirise nzvimbo huru dzekukurukurirana: kuwanikwa kwemashamba; investments; services; hurumende inotenga; dispute settlement; agriculture; kodzero dzekodzero yemagetsi; rubatsiro, kupesana uye kushandisa mabasa; uye kukwikwidza mutemo.