Izvo Zvakabvumirana Nehurumende Zvibvumirano Zvishoma
Iko kunotengeswa zvinhu uye maitirwo anobudiswa kune imwe nyika uye anotengwa nevanogara. Icho chinosanganisira chinhu chipi nechipi chinotumirwa munyika kunyange kana chichibva kune imwe nyika yekunze yeimba yepamusoro.
Kana mutengi ari mukati memiganhu yenyika uye mupiki ari kunze, ipapo zvakanaka kana kushanda inopindira.
Zvokutengeserana zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinoitwa munyika uye zvinotengeswa kunze kwemiganhu yayo. Icho chinosanganisira chinhu chipi nechipi chinotumirwa kubva kune imwe kambani yepamusha kuenda kune imwe nyika yekune dzimwe nyika kana bazi.
Mitatu Mitatu Yekutengeserana Kwemitemo
Kune marudzi matatu ezvokutengeserana. Yokutanga isangano rekubatanidza kusabatanidzwa . Izvo zvinoitika apo nyika inokonzera kugadziriswa kwebhizimisi uye hapana imwe nyika inogadzirisa.
Nyika inogonawo kusunungura unilaterally mitemo yekutengeserana, asi iyo inowanzoitika. Zvaizoisa nyika yacho mukukwikwidza kusingabatsiri. IUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira chete dzinoita izvi sechirongwa chekubatsira kune dzimwe nyika. Vanoda kubatsira mabhizimusi anomhanya anosimbisa mamwe mashizha. Isoka rezvekune imwe nyika rakanyanya kuduku kuti rive dambudziko. Inobatsira hupfumi hunobudirira huri kukura, hugadzira misika itsva yevatengi vekuAmerica.
Bilateral trade agreements zvinowanikwa pakati penyika mbiri. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinobvumirana kusunungura mitemo yekutengeserana kuwedzera mikana yebhizimisi pakati pavo. Vanoderedza mitero uye vanopa hutano hwakasarudzwa hune humwe. Nhamba inonamatira inowanzotarisana nenhare dzinodzivirirwa kana dzinotsigirwa zvemabhizimisi emumba.
Kune dzimwe nyika, idzi dziri mumotokari yemotokari, mafuta kana yezvokudya. IUnited States ine zvibvumirano makumi maviri nematanhatu. Obama hurumende iri kutaurirana chibvumirano chikuru chepasi rose. Yaiva yeTransatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership neEuropean Union .
Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekutengeserana ndizvo zvakaoma kutaurirana. Izvi ndezvimwe nyika nhatu kana kupfuura. Izvo zvakanyanya nhamba yevatori vechikamu, zvakanyanya kuoma kukurukurirana. Izvo zvinotonyanya kuoma, sezvo nyika imwe neimwe ine zvido zvayo uye zvikumbiro.
Kana uchangobva kukurukurirana, zvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvine simba zvikuru. Vanofukidza nzvimbo yakakura yenharaunda. Izvozvo zvinopa kukurudzira kukuru kune vasaina. Nyika dzose dzinopawo humwe humwe hunodiwa hunhu hwemamiriro enyika. Vanobvumirana kubata mumwe nemumwe zvakaenzana.
Chibvumirano chakakura kune dzimwe nyika ndiyo North North Free Trade Agreement . Icho chiri pakati peUnited States, Canada neMexico. Kuunganidza kwavo pamwe chete kwehupfumi kuri $ 20 trillion. NAFTA yakawanda yekutengeserana ne $ 1.14 trillion muna 2015 Asi yakaodhurawo pakati pe500 000 kusvika 750,000 US. Vazhinji vakanga vari mune mhizha yekugadzira muCalifornia, New York, Michigan neTexas. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Pros uye Cons ye Free Trade Agreements .
IUnited States ine imwe imwe nyika yakawanda yekutengeserana kwechibvumirano . United States yakabvunzurudza Central Central-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement . Yaiva neCosta Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua uye El Salvador. Yakabvisa mitengo inopfuura 80 muzana yeAmerica kunze kwenyika.
Mutungamiri weCrans-Pacific Partnership wakashandura NAFTA sechibvumirano chikuru chepasi. Muna 2017, Mutungamiri Trump akasiya United States kubva mairi.
Migumisiro
Iko kune zvakanakira uye zvinopedzisira kushandiswa kwebhizimisi. Nokubvisa mitero, inodhura mitengo yekutengeswa. Vatengi vanobatsirwa. Asi mamwe makambani epamba anotambura. Havagoni kukwikwidzana nenyika dzine mararamiro ezasi. Somugumisiro, vanogona kubva kunze kwebhizimisi uye vashandi vavo vanotambura. Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvinowanzomanikidzira kushambadzira pakati pemakambani nevatengi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mamwe makambani emba anobatsirwa. Vanowana misika mitsva yemitengo yavo isina mutero. Iyo mashizha anokura nekubhadhara vashandi vakawanda.
Basa reWTO mu Trade Agreements
Kana imwe nguva zvibvumirano zvichinyanya kupfuura nepamusoro penyika, dzinowanzodikanwa rubatsiro. IWorld Trade Organisation inofamba panguva iyoyo Iyo inhengo yepasi rose inobatsira kutaurirana nezvekubatana kwemashambadziro enyika. Pane imwe nzvimbo panzvimbo, WTO inosimbisa zvibvumirano uye inopindura zvichemo.
IWTO ikozvino inotsigira General Agreement pamusoro peKubhadhara neHurumende . Nyika yakave yakagamuchira hurukuro huru dzekutengeswa kubva kumativi akatevera, inozivikanwa seDoha Round Trade Agreement . Kana akabudirira, Doha ingadai yakaderedza mitengo yepamusoro kwebhodhi kune nhengo dzose dzeWTO.
Zvinosuruvarisa, hupfumi huviri hwakasimba hwakaramba kuratidzira pane chinhu chinonyanya kumira. Vose United States neEU vakaramba kudzikisa mari yepurazi. Izvi zvikaita kuti zvokudya zvavo zvekutengeserana zviduku zvakaderera kune izvo zviri munyika dzakawanda dzinotengeswa . Zvitengo zvekudya zvishoma zvingadai zvakaisa varimi vakawanda vekumba kunze kwebhizimisi. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, vanofanira kutarisira mabasa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemaguta. IU uye EU inoramba kuderedza rubatsiro rwakaparadzwa neDoha kuzere. Iyo mhinzwa kune rumwe rutivi rwemangwana yenyika dzakawanda dzakawanda dzekutengeserana.
Kukundikana kweDhaha kwakabvumira China kuwana zvekutengeserana pasi rose. Yakasimbisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pamwe nenyika dzakawanda muAfrica, Asia uye Latin America. Makambani eChinese anowana kodzero yekuvandudza mafuta enyika uye zvimwe zvinhu . Mukudzoka, China inopa zvikwereti uye zvekugadzira kana zvebhizimisi,