Ndezvipi Zvibvumirano Zvesangano Tine Navo Vavakidzani Vedu?
Muenzaniso weiyi isangano reSouth Asia Asia Nations , iyo nyika inowanikwa nePacific Ocean sechinhu chinowanzobatanidzwa.
Heino chidimbu chezvinhu zvakakosha zvepamutemo zvekutengeserana zvibvumirano izvo United States yakambopinda kana kutaurirana. America inewo yakawanda yezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kune dzimwe nyika. Uyezve, United States inhengo yeWorld Trade Organization . Inosanganisira chibvumirano chakakosha zvikuru chebvumirano yebhizimisi , General Agreement pamusoro peTariffs uye Trade .
Mienzaniso
NAFTA kana North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA ndiyo nzvimbo huru yepasi pose yekutengeserana. Inosanganisira Canada , United States, uye Mexico . Kubva musi waJanuary 1, 2008, mitero yose iri pakati penyika nhatu yakabviswa. Pakazosvika 1993 uye 2009, kutengeserana kwakapetwa katatu kubva ku $ 297 bhiriyoni kuenda ku $ 1.6 triliyoni. Kuongorora zvakadzama mazviri pamusoro pe NAFTA kunogona kuratidza kuti chibvumirano chebhizimisi chakakanganisa sei marudzi matatu anotora chikamu.
Trans-Pacific Partnership - I TPP ingadai yakatsiva NAFTA sechibvumirano chikuru pane zvenyika. Muna 2017, Mutungamiri Trump akasiya United States kubva muchibvumirano. Ingadai yakave iri pakati peUnited States nedzimwe nyika 11 dziri kumativi ePacific. Ava ndivo Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, uye Vietnam.
Vatungamiriri venyika idzi vakasayina chibvumirano muna 2016. Chakanga chiri mukugadzirisa kubvumidzwa nemitemo yezvemitemo. Chinangwa chayo ndechokuwedzera kushambadzira nekutsvaga mari. Inokurudzira hutsva, hupfumi hwehupfumi, uye kubudirira. Inotsigira kusika kwebasa uye kuchengetedza. Iyo TPP inoda mitemo yakabatana uye kutsigirwa kwemabhizimisi maduku. Zviri mukuchengeta nebasa reAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum.
Chisarudzo cheTump chekubva kuTrans-Pacific Partnership chinogona kupa nzira yehutungamiri hweChina. Izvi zvinogona kuchinja kushandiswa kwesimba muAsia.
Transatlantic Trade uye Investment Partnership - Mutungamiri weTransatlantic Trade uye Investment Partnership yaizobatanidza hupfumi hwepasi rose , United States uye EU. Kana yamboratidzwa, yaizoshandura NAFTA uye TPP senyika huru yekutengeserana. Inogona kushanda kune chikamu chetatu chenyika yose inotengeswa. Chipingamupinyi chikuru chikuru-bhi-bhizinesi muUnited States uye EU. Vose vari vaviri vanotengeserana vanobhadhara zvikuru zvivako zvavo zvekudya. IU EU inorambidza kushandiswa kwezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakashandurwa uye kuwedzerwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemhomoni mumhuka dzakamutswa kudyiwa. Iyi miitiro yakajairika mune zvekurima zveUnited States.
Kana zvipingamupinyi izvi zvingakunda, kuratidzirwa kweTTIP kuchasimudzira simba reUnited States.
FTAA kana Free Trade Area yeAmerica - Sezvo Reagan Administration , United States yave iri kuedza kuwana musungo wekutengeserana wakasununguka nenyika dzose dzeNorth, Central, uye South America, pamwe neCaribbean. Pakutanga, nyika 34 dzakabvumirana kutaurirana chibvumirano chaizowedzera kubudirira kwe NAFTA munyika yose. Asi muna 2005, kuedza kwakakundikana. Vakawanda vekuSouth America nyika, seBrazil, Venezuela, uye Ecuador vakatya kuti kubvisa mitero kunobvumira mabhizimusi eU.S subsidized kuti aise varimi vemo vekushanda nekumanikidza vanhu vavo kuti vashandire masangano eUnited States. Dzimwe nyika dzakapinda muzvibvumirano zviviri neUnited States, kusanganisira Chile, Colombia, Panama, Peru, uye Uruguay.
Sezvo FTAA yakasiyiwa muna 2004, chibvumirano chiduku chebhizimisi chakaitika chakavapo pakati peUnited States nedzimwe nyika nhanhatu.
CAFTA-DR kana Central Central-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement - CAFTA yakasayirwa musi waAugust 5, 2004 neUnited States uye nyika nhanhatu. Aya marudzi aiva Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, uye El Salvador. Yakabvisa mitengo inopfuura 80 muzana yeAmerica kunze kwenyika. Pakazosvika gore ra2008, izvi zvekutengesa zvakakura kusvika $ 26.3 mabhiriyoni. Yakazarura miganhu yeUnited States yeCentral America shuga, machira, uye zvipfeko zvinotengeswa . Izvozvo zvakaderedza mari yezvinhu izvi kune vaAmerica vatengi. Kwose kushambadzira pakati peUnited States neAACFTA vashandi vaiva $ 60 biliyoni muna 2013.
ASEAN Initiative - ASEAN inomirira Sangano reSoutheast Asia Nations. Inosanganisira marudzi gumi muSouth-Asia. Inokurudzira hupfumi hwehupfumi hwenyika dzayo nhengo kuti ipe simba rakakwana kuChina neJapan . Nhengo dzinosanganisira Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, uye Vietnam. US trade neASEAN nyika yakakura kusvika $ 182 mabhiriyoni mugore ra2008. ASEAN Initiative inotanga kusimbisa zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pamwe nevose veASEAN veWTO. IUnited States yakabudirira kutaurirana zvibvumirano navo vose, kunze kweLaos neMyanmar.
APEC kana kuAsia-Pacific Kubatana Kwemari - APEC inosanganisira nyika dziri muAsia neMelika dziri muganhu wePacific Ocean. Nhengo dzaro ndiAustralia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, neVietnam. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuwedzera nhaurirano pakati pevanhu vemarudzi ose pamusoro pezvematongerwe enyika. Imari yeAAPEC inosvika 44 muzana yekutengeserana kwenyika uye 54 muzana yepasi rose zvakagadzirwa mumiti . Muna 2010, mapfumbamwe emakona makuru eUnited States aive APEC nhengo. Vaiverengera makumi matanhatu kubva muzana emaUnited States.
MHURI - Middle Eastern Trade Initiative - MEFTI inoshanda nenyika ine rugare kuMiddle East kuti ibatsire kuwana zvinangwa zvitatu. Chokutanga, uwane nhengo muWorld Trade Organization. Chechipiri, kutungamira zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana. Chechitatu, vabatsire kupinda muHurumende neInvestment Action Plans inokurudzira kutengesa. Nyika dziri kutsvaga hurumende muWTO dzinosanganisira Algeria, Lebanon, uye Yemen. IUnited States inopinda zvibvumirano zviviri neIsrael, Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, uye Oman.