Izvo Reagan Yakapedzerwa Ma1980 yekudzoka
Kuti aite kudaro, Reagan akavimbisa "Reagan Revolution." Yakatarira pakuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende , mitero, uye mutemo . Huzivo yake yaiva "Hurumende haisi iyo mhinduro yedambudziko redu, hurumende ndiyo dambudziko." Reagan akanga ari mutsigiri we laissez-faire economics .
Akatenda mushamba wekusununguka uye hupfumi huchagadzirisa matambudziko enyika. Mazano ake akafanana ne " makaro akanaka " mafungiro e1980 America.
1980-1981 Kudzoka
Reagan inotora nhaka yehupfumi yakakonzerwa ne stagflation . Iko kusanganiswa kwechidimbu chechidimbu yehupfumi nehuwandu hwechipiri. Kuti varwisana nehupfumi, Reagan inogadzirisa zvakashata mitero yemitero kubva pa70 kubva kune 28 kubva muzana yepamusoro yebhaketi. Akachera mutero wekambani kubva kune 48 kubva kuzana kusvika ku 34 muzana. Akavimbisa kunonoka kukura kwemari yehurumende uye kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, akakurudzira Federal Reserve kurwisa kutengesa kwenyika kuburikidza nekuderedza mari inowanikwa .
Reaganomics uye Mutero Wechete
Muna 1981, Congress yakagadzirisa mutero wepamusoro wehutori yaiva makumi manomwe kubva pa70 kubva kuzana kusvika 50 muzana. Yakabatsira kusimbisa kukura mumuchero wakawanda wepamba mumakore akawanda akatevera . Imari yakawedzera 4.6 muzana muna 1983, 7.3 muzana muna 1984, uye 4.2 muzana muna 1985.
Kukura kwehupfumi kwakaderedza kusakosha kwemabasa emakore akawanda akatevera . Muna December 1981, yaiva 8.5 muzana. Iko mubhadharo wakaderera waiva $ 3.35 neawa. Muna 1982, Congress yakapedza chirongwa cheJob Training Partnership Act. Yakagadzirisa zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa mabasa kune vanhu vane mari shoma. Kuwedzera kwebasa kwakasimuka kusvika ku10,8 kubva muna December 1982.
Yakapinda kusvika ku8,3 muzana muna 1983, 7.3 muzana muna 1984, uye 7.0 muzana munaDecember 1985. Reagan akatema mutero wekare zvakare, kusvika 38.5 muzana muna 1986.
Kukura kwaive nehutano huwandu hwe3,5 kubva pakupera kwa1986, asi uwandu hwemabasa hwakanga huri 6.6 muzana. Yakanga ichiri yakakwirira kudarika chimiro chekushaya basa . Reagan kutema miterozve, kusvika ku 28 muzana. Kuwedzera kwakasvitsa kusvika ku2,5 muzana muna 1987, uye kushaiwa kwemabasa kwakasvika kusvika ku5,7 muzana. Kuwedzera kwakapararira pa3,7 muzana muna 1988, uye kushayiwa basa kwakasvika kusvika ku5.3 muzana.
Reagan's economic policies inonzi Reaganomics . Reagan yakagadzirisa mitemo yake pamusoro pechidzidzo chekugoverana kwezvokugadzirisa zvemari . Inoti kukonzerwa kwemitero kunokurudzira kuwedzera kwehupfumi zvakakwana kuti kuwedzere mutero wekero munguva. Iko kuwedzerwa mari kubva kune hupfumi hwakasimba kunofanirwa kubvisa kukanganisa kwepakutanga kwemari kubva kumatare emitero.
Asi maererano neLaffer Curve , izvi zvinoshanda chete kana iyo yekutanga mutero yakakwirira zvakakwana. Musoro wemitero inowira mumakona e "Zviratidzo." Maitiro ekutanga emitero aReagan aishanda nokuti mitero yepamusoro yakanga yakareba. Mitsara ya1986 ne1979 yaisabhadhara yakanga isiri iyo, nokuti mitero yemitero yaive yakanzwisisa.
Uyewo, Reagan inokanganisa kukonzerwa kwemitero pamwe nekuwedzera kwemitero kune imwe nzvimbo. Akasimudza Social Security mitero yemitero uye mamwe mitero yemadhora.
Akacherawo zvigadziro zvakasiyana-siyana.
Reagan akacheka mutero wekambani inosvika kubva 46 kubva muzana kusvika ku40 muzana. Asi kukanganisa kwekuparara uku kwakanga kusina kujeka. Reagan yakashandura kurapwa kwemutero kwezvizhinji zvekutsvaga mari. Izvo zvakaoma zvinoreva kuti migumisiro yese yekushandiswa kwemitero yayo yaisagona kuyerwa.
Reagan uye Dhegulation
Reagan yakarumbidzwa pamusana pekuenderera mberi kubvisa kuendesa kweNixon -era. Vakamanikidza kushambadzira kwemahara-mahara kwakange kwakadzivirira kuwedzera. Reagan yakabviswa kutora pamafuta uye gasi, terevhizheni, uye kutengesa foni kwenguva refu. Akaenderera mberi nokusarura mutambo webhasi yebhasi uye kutengeswa kwegungwa.
Muna 1982, Reagan akaregererwa mabhengi. Congress yakapfuura Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act. Yakabvisa mitemo kune chikwereti-ku-kukosa ratios kumabhengi ekuchengetera uye nemari .
Bhizimisi raReagan rakaderedza uye rakaderedzwa vashandi vehurumende paStart Home Loan Bank Board. Somugumisiro, mabhengi anowanikwa mune risky real estate ventures. Kuparadzanisa kwaReagan uye kushandiswa kwebhajheji kwakabatanidzwa mune dambudziko rekuchengetera uye chikwereti muna 1989 . Dambudziko racho rakaronga muna 1990 recession.
Reagan akaita zvishomanana kuderedza mitemo ine chokuita nehutano, kuchengeteka, uye zvakatipoteredza. Muzvokwadi, akadzikisa mitemo iyoyo zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura kutonga kwaCarter.
Kuda kwaReagan kwemusika wekusununguka hakuna kuendesa kumabhizimisi enyika . Pane kudaro, akakwidziridza matongerwo enyika. Reagan zvakapetwa kaviri nhamba yezvinhu zvakange zvichizviisa pasi pekutengeserana kubva kune 12 muzana muna 1980 kusvika 23 muzana muna 1988.
Reagan Haina Kuderedza Kushandiswa Kwehurumende
Pasinei nekuita basa rehurumende shoma, Reagan haana kubudirira sezvaainge ari pamitambo yekodzero. Mugore rake rokutanga, akachera mapurogiramu epamba ne $ 39 bhiriyoni. Asi akawedzera mari yekuzvidzivirira kuti awane "rugare kuburikidza nesimba" mukurwisana kwake neKomonism uye Soviet Union.
Akabudirira pakugumisa Cold War. Ndiyo apo akataura mazwi ake akakurumbira, "VaKorbachev, bvarura rusvingo urwu." Kuti azadzise zvinangwa izvi, Reagan akakuvadza kuwedzera chibharo chekuzvidzivirira ne 35 muzana.
Reagan haina kuderedza zvimwe zvirongwa zvehurumende. Akawedzera Medicare. Akawedzera mutero webhadharo kuti atsigire solvency ye Social Security . Pasi peReagan, hupfumi hwehurumende hwakawedzera 2.5 muzana gore negore.
Mari yekutanga yeReagan yaiva yegore rekutengesa 1982. Sezvo chati iri pasi apa inoratidzira, akabatisa zvikwereti zvakawanda zvegore rimwe nerimwe rehutungamiri hwake. Somugumisiro, gore rimwe nerimwe chikwereti chakawedzerawo. Pakuguma kwemashoko maviri aReagan, chikwereti chenyika chakanga chava kanopfuura kaviri.
| Gore reMari | Kukanganiswa (mumabhiriyoni) | Chikwereti | Kukundikana / GDP | Zviitiko Zvinobatsira Kukundikana |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | $ 74 | $ 908 | 2.6% | Kudzoka. Iran oil embargo. |
| 1981 | $ 79 | $ 998 | 2.4% | Reagan mutero wecheka. |
| 1982 | $ 128 | $ 1,142 | 3.8% | Reagan's 1st budget. |
| 1983 | $ 208 | $ 1,377 | 5.6% | |
| 1984 | $ 185 | $ 1,572 | 4.5% | Kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwemari yekudzivirira. |
| 1985 | $ 212 | $ 1,823 | 4.8% | |
| 1986 | $ 221 | $ 2,125 | 4.8% | Mutero wecheka. |
| 1987 | $ 150 | $ 2,340 | 3.1% | Musi weMuvhuro unopera |
| 1988 | $ 155 | $ 2 602 | 2.9% | Fed yakawedzera mitengo. |
| 1989 | $ 153 | $ 2,857 | 2.7% | S & L Dambudziko . |
Kurova Mafuta
Reagan yakatora mafungiro evhoti paakati, "Kuwedzera kwepamuviri kunotyisa sezvinongoita mutevedzeri, unotyisa segororo rinopfeka uye sekufa sezvinoita munhu anobaya." Iko kuwedzera kwenyika kwaiva 12.5 muzana muna 1980, uye 8.9 muzana muna 1981. Muna 1982, kutengesa kwenyika kwakawira kusvika ku8,8 muzana. Kuwedzera kwezvipfeko kwakaramba kuri pasi pe5 muzana kwemakore akasara ehurumende yeReagan.
Asi Reagan haigone kutora chikwereti kuburikidza nekurwisana nekutengesa. Icho chinotungamira kuChitubu cheState Reserve Paul Volcker . Akaramba achisimudza mari yakadyidzana nemadhora kusvika 18 muzana muna 1980. Kufarira kwekuwanda kwepamusoro kwakapedzisira kuwedzera kuwedzera kwenhamba, asi zvakare kwakakonzera kutengesa.
Council of Economic Advisers
Munguva yemakore ake masere emakore, Reagan akaunza mapurisa akawanda anozivikanwa zvikuru kuChristian Council of Economic Advisers . Vashandi vatsva vaisanganisira Murry Weidenbaum, Martin Feldstein naBeryl Sprinkel. Dare rakasanganisirawo William Niskanen, Jerry Jordan, William Poole, Thomas Gale Moore naMichael Mussa. Niskanen aiva mumwe wevatangi veReaganomics . Vashandi vacho vaisanganisira Nobel Prize winner uye New York Times munyori wenhau Paul Krugman naHarvard purofesa Larry Summers . Nhamba dzekupedzisira dzakazove Mutungamiri weB Obama Obama we National Economic Council.
Makore Ekutanga aReagan
Ronald Reagan akaberekwa musi waFebruary 6, 1911. Akagamuchira Bachelor of Arts mune zvehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika kubva kuEureka College muItaly. Akava mudhiyo wemutambo wemasereti, zvino mutambi mumashizha 53. Sezvo ari purezidhendi weChechi Actors Guild, akazobatanidzwa mukudzora chiKomonisiti mumabhizimisi emafuta. Izvozvo zvakamutungamirira kuti ave nemafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika. Akava mutariri weTV uye mutauriri we conservatism. Aive Gavhuna weCalifornia kubvira muna 1966-1974.
Muna 1980, Reagan akasarudzwa semutungamiri weRepublican presidential candidate. George HW Bush aiva musarudzo wevamiriri veduzhinji. Reagan akarova Jimmy Carter kuti ave mutungamiri wechina weUnited States.
Mamwe maPresident 'Economic Policies
- Donald Trump (2017 - 2021)
- Barack Obama (2009 - 2017)
- George W. Bush (2001 - 2009)
- Bill Clinton (1993 - 2001)
- Richard Nixon (1969 - 1974)
- Lyndon B Johnson (1963 - 1969)
- John F. Kennedy (1961 - 1963)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933 - 1945)
- Enzanisa Reagan naVose Republican Presidents Kubvira muna 1919