Chinenge Chaicho, Iyo Inoshanda Sei, Kufananidza neBalisism uye Socialism
Karl Marx akatanga nheyo yeku communism. Akati akati, "Kubva kune mumwe nomumwe maererano nekugona kwake, mumwe nomumwe maererano nekushaiwa kwake." Vakanga vasingazovi vatenzi vepamusoro vaizobvisa pfuma yose. Pane kudaro, mari yacho yaizoenda kune vashandi vose.
"Kubva pane imwe neimwe maererano nekukwanisa kwake" kwaireva vanhu vaizoshanda pane zvavaida uye vaifarira. Vaizofara kupa ruzivo urwu kutsigira vanhu. Upfumi huchabudirira nokuti vaizoshanda zvakaoma kupfuura mune hupfumi.
"Kune umwe neumwe maererano nekushaiwa kwake" zvinoreva kuti vagari vomunharaunda vachatarisira avo vasingakwanisi kushanda. Iyo yaizogovera zvipo nemabasa kuvanhu vose sezvavaida. Vaya vaikwanisa kushanda vaizoshandurwa nekuzvidzivirira kwezvido zvavo.
Tumi Maitiro echiKomonisiti muNzira
MuCommunist Manifesto, Marx akarondedzera zvinotevera gumi:
- Kubviswa kwepfuma munyika uye kushandiswa kwematare edzimba kune zvinangwa zvevanhu.
- Chiremera chinopfuurira kana chekupedza chikoro chemari.
- Kubviswa kwezvose zvakanaka zvefa.
- Kubviswa kwedzimba yevose vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vapanduki.
- Kuenzana kwekodzero yevose kushanda. Kugadzwa kwemauto emabhizimisi zvikuru kunyuchi.
- Kubatanidzwa kwemairiro nemabhizimisi ekugadzira. Kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kwekusiyana pakati peguta neguta. Izvi zvichaitika kuburikidza nekugoverwa kwakaenzana kwevanhu pamusoro penyika.
- Dzidzo yekusununguka yevana vose muzvikoro zvehurumende. Kubviswa kwebasa rekushanda kwevana. Kubatanidzwa kwezvedzidzo nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi.
- Pakati pechikwata chechikwereti mumaoko ehurumende. Izvo zvaizova nebhangi rehurumende nehurumende yehurumende uye imwe chete yongororo.
- Nyika inogona kudzora kukurukurirana nekufambisa.
- Mahofisi enyika uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira. Yaizosima maastelands uye inovandudza ivhu. Izvi zvingatevedzera urongwa hwakafanana.
Izwi iri rinotaura nezvehupfumi hwehurumende mumatatu ayo ekupedzisira. Izvo zvinoita kunyange izvo zvakaratidzwa zvakachena zvekommunisti zvinonzwika semassociism. Asi Marx akataura kuti hurumende yehurumende inzvimbo yakakodzera mukushandura kune communism.
Kusiyana pakati peCommunism, Socialism, Capitalism, uye Fascism
Communism yakanyanya kufanana nekugarana kwemagariro evanhu . Pakati zviviri, vanhu vane zvikonzero zvekugadzirwa. Misiyano yakakura ndeyokuti kugoverwa kunoparidzirwa maererano nekudiwa mu communism, uye maererano nekwanisi pasi pechisimba. Communism yakasiyana chaizvo nehukuru hwevanhu , apo vanhu vega vari varidzi. Izvo zvakafanana nefascism mune izvo zvose zvinoshandisa zvirongwa zvepakati. Asi fascists vanobvumira vanhu kuchengeta zvinhu zvekugadzirwa. Nyika dzakawanda dzakatendeukira kune fascism kuti dzidzivirire communism.
| Itai | Communism | Socialism | Capitalism | Fascism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zviitiko zvekugadzirwa ndezvako | Munhu wose | Munhu wose | Vanhu | Vanhu |
| Zvinhu zvekugadzirwa zvinokosha | Kushandisa kuvanhu | Kushandisa kuvanhu | Pfuma | Nation building |
| Kugoverwa kusarudzwa ne | Central plan | Central plan | Mutemo wekuda uye kupa | Central plan |
| Kubva pane imwe neimwe maererano nezvake | Ability | Ability | Market inosarudza | Kukosha kune rudzi |
| Kune umwe neumwe maererano nezvaanoita | Need | Contribution | Kuwana, upfumi uye kukwereta mano |
Kubatsirwa
Imari inotungamirirwa nehutungamiri hwepakati penyika inogona kukurudzira hupfumi huzhinji. Iko kunobvumira kuti iite zvirongwa zvikuru uye kugadzira simba rekushanda. Inoita izvi kuburikidza nekuzvipira kweunhu mumwe oga. Inogadzirisa hutano hwevanhu vakawanda kuti vaite zvinangwa zvevanhu.
Raira hupfumi hwakakoshawo pakushandura zvachose hukama hwevanhu kuti huenderane nemaonero avarongi. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Stalinist Russia , Maoist China , uye Castro's Cuba. Murairo weRussia wehupfumi wakavaka simba rehondo yekukunda maNazi. Iyo yakakurumidza kuvakazve hupfumi mushure meHondo Yenyika II.
Kukanganisika
Dambudziko guru nderokuti zvakaoma kuti boka rekugadzirira rive nehuwandu hwemashoko pamusoro pezvinodiwa nevatengi. Hurumende inogadza mubhadharo nemitengo. Izvozvo zvinoreva varongwa vanorasikirwa nemhinduro inokosha idzi zviratidzo zvinopa pamusoro pekupa uye kudiwa.
Somugumisiro, pane kazhinji kacho kusara kwechinhu chimwe nekushaiwa kwevamwe.
Kuti vatsigire, vagari vanogadzira misika yakasvibirira kuti vashandise zvinhu izvo mutemo wehupfumi hauhupi. Izvi zvinoparadza kuvimba kwevarongwa. Izvo zvinoda kuchinja kubva kuCommunism socialist kusvika kuMarism's communism yakachena.
Mienzaniso
Nyika dzeCommunist iCuba, North Korea, China, Laos neVietnam. Havasi hukama hweCommunism asi vari kuchinja kubva kumashuga. Ndiyo iyo nyika inenge iine zvikamu zvekugovera . Maererano naMarx, iyo ndiyo inotarisirwa pakati pemakwikwi pakati pehutungamiri uye hupfumi hwemakominist. Mukutengeserana, vanhu vari voga pachake pfuma, basa, uye zvizvarwa zvehupenyu .
Mune hupfumi hweCommunist, vanhu vanoita sarudzo. Munyika dzemazuva ano dzemakomunisti, hurumende inogadzirisa chisarudzo ichocho nokuda kwavo. Iyi sangano inonzi " command economy" . Vatungamiri vanogadzira chirongwa chinorondedzera zvisarudzo zvavo. Inourawa nemitemo, mitemo , uye mirairo.
Chinangwa chechirongwa ndechekupa "umwe neumwe maererano nekuda kwake." Nyika dzeCommunist dzine rusununguko rwehutano hwehutano, dzidzo, uye mamwe mabasa. Izvo urongwa hunoedzawo kuwedzera hupfumi hwenyika . Inochengetedza kudzivirirwa kwenyika uye inochengetedza zvivako.
Hurumende ine mabhizimisi panzvimbo yevashandi. Chaizvoizvo, hurumende inobata munhu oga . Hurumende inokomborera vatungamiri vekambani kuti vaite zvinangwa zvinotsanangurwa muurongwa.
MuCommunism, vatongi vepakati vanotsiva simba rekukwikwidzana uye mitemo yekupa uye kuda kunoshandiswa mumari yepamusika . Vanotsivawo tsika dzinotungamira hupfumi hwemadzitateguru . Mapoka mazhinji evanhu vechiKomonisiti anotsigira hupfumi hwakakanganiswa . (Source: Economics: Its Concepts & Principles , Bon Kristoffer G. Gabnay, Roberto M. Remotin, Jr., Edgar Allan M. Uy, vanyori, Rex Book Store: Manila, 2007.)