Apo Milton Friedman neMonetarist Vakadzingiswa
VaMonetarists vanonyevera kuti kuwedzerwa kwemari kunopa chete kukurudzira kwenguva pfupi kukura kwezvemari uye kusika kwemabasa. Nokufamba kwenguva, ichawedzera kuwedzera. Sezvo zvinoda kuwanikwa kunze kwekugovera, mutengo uchakwira.
VaMonetarists vanotenda mutemo wemari unoshanda kupfuura mari yehurumende . Ndiyo hurumende kushandiswa uye mutero wemitero. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemari kunowedzera mari inowanikwa, asi inogumbura. Izvi zvinowedzera kune chikwereti chemutongi wenyika. Izvozvo zvichawedzera chibereko chezvibereko. VaMonetarists vanoti mabhizimusi makuru ane simba kupfuura hurumende nokuti vanotarisira mari inowanikwa.
VaMonetarists vakatarira chaizvo chido chekuda pane kuverenga mazita. Yakawanda inodhindwa mitero inomirira mazita. Real rates inobvisa migumisiro yekuderera . Vanopa mufananidzo mukuru wemari yemari.
Nhasi, monetarism yakasarirwa. Izvi ndezvokuti mari inopa mari inenge isinganyanyi kukosha kwehuwandu kupfuura yekare. Kudyidzana kunosanganisira mari, chikwereti uye mari yemusika mari pamwe chete . Chikwereti chinosanganisira zvikwereti, zvikwereti uye zvikwereti. Asi mari inopa mari haina kuenzanisa zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sematokari , zvinhu uye hutano hwemusha.
Vanhu vakawanda vanogona kuchengetedza mari mumusika wekutengeswa semari yemari. Vanogamuchira kudzoka zviri nani.
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti mari inoshandiswa haina kuenzanisa zvinhu izvi. Kana misika yepamusoro inokwira, vanhu vanofunga kuti vakapfuma. Ivo vanoda kushandisa mari. Izvo zvinowedzera zvinoda uye zvinowedzera hupfumi. Izvi zvakasikwa zvakagadzira matambudziko ayo Fed akaregererwa.
Vakatungamirira ku2001 recession uye Great Recession .
Chinoshanda sei?
Kana mari yacho ichiwedzerwa, inoderedza chikwereti chezvibereko, nokuti mabhanga ane zvizhinji zvokukweretesa, saka vanoda kubhadhara mitero yakaderera. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vatengi vanokwereta zvakawanda kutenga zvigaro zvekiti zvakadai seimba, motokari, uye midziyo. Kuderedza mari inopa mari inomutsa chido chekuda, kuita zvikwereti zvinodhura uye kunonoka kuwedzera kwehupfumi.
MuUnited States, Federal Reserve inotora mari yekupa mari pamwe neyekudyidzana mari yakawanda . Iyi ndiyo inotarisirwa neFed inogadzirisa mabhengi kuti apirirane mumwe nomumwe kuchengetedza mari yavo yakawandisa usiku humwe uye inopindira mamwe ose okuda mari. IFed inoshandisa zvimwe zvishandisi zvemari , zvakadai sedare rekuchengetedzwa , izvo zvinoudza mabhengi kuti mari yakawanda yavanofanira kuva nayo kuchengetedza husiku humwe.
Iko Kuderedza kunoderedza kutengesa kwenyika kuburikidza nekusimudza kudyidzana kwemari kana kuderedza mari inowanikwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sechinangwa chekubhadhara mari . Kunyange zvakadaro, Fed inofanira kuchenjerera kuti isasvike pfuma mumatongerwo enyika. Kuti urege kudzivirira, uye kushayikwa kwemabasa, Fed inofanira kuderedza mari yakadyiwa mari uye kuwedzera mari inowanikwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sekuwedzera kwemari yemitemo .
Milton Friedman Ndiye Baba veMonetarism
Milton Friedman akasika dzidziso ye monetarism munyaya yake ye1967 kuAmerican Economic Association .
Akataura kuti kushandiswa kwechirwere chekuwedzera kwezvikwereti kwaive nehomwe yepamusoro yemari. Izvozvo zvingaderedza mari inowanikwa. Mitengo yaizofanira kuwira sezvo vanhu vakanga vasina mari shoma yokushandisa.
Milton akanyeverawo pamusoro pekuwedzera mari inopa mari zvakanyanya. Izvozvo zvingaita kuti mutengo wekuwedzera. Asi kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kunodiwa kuti kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemabasa . Kana Kudyirwa kwakachengetedzwa zvakakwana mari inopa iyo yaizogadzira hupfumi hweGoldilocks . Iko kusina basa kwakaderera nehuwandu hunogamuchirwa hwehupfumi.
Friedman akaraira Fed for the Great Depression . Iye akati Fed yakasimbisa mari iyo inofanira kuisunungura. Izvo Zvakawanda zvakasimudza chikwereti chechibereko chekuchengetedza kukosha kwedhora . Chakanga chiri kunyura sezvo vanhu vakadzikinura mari yavo yepape yegoridhe. Panguva iyoyo, United States yakanga ichiri pamutambo wegoridhe . Nekusimudza mari, Fed yakaita zvikwereti zvakaoma kuwana.
Izvozvo zvakashatisa kuperevedza kupinda mune kuora mwoyo.
Mienzaniso
Sachigaro weGurumende rePurumende Paul Volcker akashandisa monetarism kuti apedzisire kugadzirisa. Akasimudza mari yakadyidzana mari kusvika 20 muzana muna 1980. Izvozvo zvakaguma kutengesa. Asi yakanga iri pamutengo mukuru. Yakagadzira 1980-82 kutengesa.
Sachigaro weFed Ben Bernanke vakabvumirana nemafungiro aMilton kuti Fed inokudziridza kuderera kwezvishoma. Akanga ari wekutanga weFed chair kuti aise chinangwa chekutsvaga kwepamusoro kwe 2% gore-pamusoro pegore. Iyo ndiyo inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvinhu inobvisa mafuta asingaverengeki uye kutengesa kwezvokudya . (Zvinyorwa: Mutsanangudzo weMari weGreat Stagflation yema1970, "NBER, February 2000." Monetarism, "Econlib." Milton Friedman, "Econlib."