The Great Depression Expert Ndiani akadzivirira Chechipiri Kuora Kwekukuru
Bernanke akasika zvizhinji zvekushandisa zvekushandisa mari yekudzivirira kushungurudzika kwepasi rose mumatambudziko ekutanga ematambudziko ebhengi .
Akatungamirira Fed mukutora matoro matsva, zvakadai sokubhadhara Bear Stearns uye inshuwarisi guru AIG . Nheyo yakabhadhara $ 540 mabhiriyoni kumari yemari yemusika kuti irege kutyisa pasi rose.
Bernanke akafambisawo kukwidza kuwedzera maitiro emakambani akasununguka apo kuderedzwa kwezvikwereti zvemari chete zvakanga zvisina kukwana kugumisa dambudziko remari ra2008. Akanga ari mutoro weExployment Twist uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehuwandu hwekutengesa .
Bernanke akasununguka kubva kuFed Chairmanship musi waJanuary 31, 2014. Mutevereri wake ndiye aimbova vedzisi-sachigaro we Federal Reserve, Janet Yellen , anonzwira tsitsi mazano ake. Musi waFebruary 3, 2014, akazova Shamwari Yakakurumbira muChivako mu Economic Studies Programme pa Brookings Institute. Iye achabatanidzwa neHutchins Center yeFiscal uye Mari yeMari yekuongorora uye kudzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pehupfumi nemari yemitemo.
Chikonzero nei Bernanke Ichikosha Kumunyika yeUnited States
Bernanke aive nebasa rekutungamira hurongwa hwemari yehupfumi hweUnited States.
Izvozvo zvainyanya kukosha mumakore gumi apfuura, sezvo mutemo wehurumende wakatanga kusvibiswa nekodzero yenyika . Sezvo mutauri weFed, Bernanke aiva nyanzvi yekutanga yezvemari. Mashoko ake akashandura mutengo wemari uye kukosha kwedhora . Munguva yekutonga kwake seFed Chair, Ben Bernanke ndiye munhu akakosha zvikuru muUnited States uye, naizvozvo, pasi rose rezvepfumi.
Icho chinonzi Federal Reserve chairman
Kunyange zvazvo iri iyo FOMC komiti inogadza uye inoita mitemo yemari, Sachigaro ane tsika dzekutora hutungamiri hunoita basa. Kubva sezvo Sachigaro ane mazwi mana emakore, anotarisirwa kunge akazvimiririra kupfuura mukuru wehurumende anopindura uyo anopindura kuvhoti. Izvo zvinobvumira Fed kufambisa nguva yakareba, uye haifaniri kutarisana nekanguva nguva yezvematongerwe enyika. Izvi ndizvo zvinodhaka zveF Fed, zvakadai seFed money rate , zviite zvishoma nezvishoma mwedzi mitanhatu. Mari yeUnited States yakafanana nengarava huru-inoda zvishoma nezvishoma kutungamirirwa. Kusiya-kuenda kwemitemo yemari kunokonzera kusava nechokwadi, izvo zvakakonzerwa nemakore ekuma1970.
Bernanke uye 2008 Financial Crisis
Pasi peBernanke, iyo Federal Reserve yakashandisa zvikuru kushandisa zvishandiso zvayo. Presid Chairmen akashandisa chete Fed mari yehuwandu. Vakarimutsa kuti vadzike kutengesa kwezvinhu kana kuideredza kuti ivhiringidze kutengesa. Pakati paSeptember 2007-December 2008, Bernanke akakurumidza kuderedza chiyero gumi, kubvira pa5.25 kusvika ku 0%. Asi izvi hazvina kukwana kuti zvigadziriswe mabhenji anotya nekutengesa subprime mortgages . Izvo zvikwereti zvainge zvadzorerwa uye zvakatengesa muzvikwereti zvisingatengi zvekuchengetedza zvaive zvakaoma zvikuru zvokuti hakuna munhu akanzwisisa kuti ndiani aiva nechikwereti chakaipa.
Somugumisiro, mabhengi akamira achikweretesa mumwe nomumwe mari inodiwa kuti asangane neFed's reserve inoda . Mukupindura, Bernanke akadzokorora zvaidiwa, akadzikisa purogiramu yokuderedza , uye akazopa chikwereti pachayo kuburikidza newindo rekuderedza .
Apo izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, Bernanke akagadzira Term Auction Facility munaDecember 2007. TAF yakapa mabhiriyoni kumabhengi, kutora chikwereti chakashata sechikwata. Iyo TAF yairehwa kuva kwenguva pfupi kusvikira mabhenji akacherechedza chikwereti chakaipa ndokutanga kukweretesa kune mumwe zvakare zvakare. Apo izvi hazvina kuitika, TAF yakakura ikawanda, ichikwira nepamusoro pe $ 1 trillion munaJune 2008.
Bernanke akashanda nemabhengi makuru pakati penyika yose kuti adzore kushandiswa kwemari apo misika yemarikiti inofara. Akawedzera $ 180 mabhiriyoni emadhora ekutengesa miganhu. Izvi zvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza kubhadharwa kwemadhora aripo kutengeserana kune mamwe mabhizimusi makuru pakati peusiku nekukwereta kwenguva pfupi.
Zvaive zvakakosha nokuti mabhangi anotya aive achikwereta mari. Vakanga vachitya kukweretesa kune mumwe nemumwe nokuti vaisada kubatisiswa nezvikwereti zvichienderana ne-sub-prime mortgages.
MunaMuvhuro 2008, Fed yakaita musangano wayo wekutanga wekupedzisira wekupera kwevhiki mumakore makumi matatu ekutsigira Bear Stearns 'zvikwereti zvakaipa saka JP Morgan aizotenga. Izvo zvakadzivisa kusadarika pa $ 10 trillion mu Bear Bear 'holdings, uye nzvimbo yebhengi yakasununguka kwemwedzi mishomanana. Pakazosvika Q2 2008 , hupfumi hwakanga huchikura, uye vazhinji vakafunga kuti njodzi yacho yakadziviswa.
MunaSeptember 2008, kambani yenyika yakawanda yeinishuwarenzi, AIG , yakaratidza kuti yakanga iri kupera. AIG inopa mabhiriyoni emadhora emadhora emunyika yose. Kana ikawa, ingadai yakavhiringidza mabhanga ose, hedge fund , uye mari yepenjeni yakanga ine chikwereti chekuchengetedza mari. Bernanke akati kubhadhara kwaAIG kwakaita kuti atsamwire kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho muhupfumi. AIG yakatora njodzi nemitemo isingatarisirwi, sezvakaita chikwereti swaps , apo uchishandisa mari kubva kune inishuwarenzi yevanhu.
Kururamisa
Vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika uye economists vanotsoropodzwa "Helicopter Ben" yekujova mamirioni asingaverengeki mune zvehupfumi, izvo zvingangoita kuti kutengesa kwezvinhu , uye kuwedzera chikwereti. Vamwe vanomupa mhosva nokuda kwekusafanotaura nezvekuderera kwematambudziko munguva . Akatsoropodzwa nekuvanza mazita emabhangi akawana kusvika $ 2 trillion muTAF zvikwereti. Mumwe aimbova Mumiririri Ron Paul, R.TX, uye vamwe vakadaidza kuongorora kweFed kuti vatidze mazita emabhangi aya. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika vanopesana nekudzokorora kwake seSachigaro weState Reserve Reserve kwegore rechipiri munaJanuary 2010. Mutungamiriri weBab Obama akakwanisa kumuwana zvakare.
Bernanke Mushure meFed
Bernanke akabatana ne Brookings Institute semunhu unozivikanwa muDzimbai musi waFebruary 3, 2014. Achataurira Hutchins Center pamusoro peHurumende neMari yeZimbabwe kuti dzive nani kudzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pehupfumi nemari yemitemo. Acharatidzawo nzira dzekuvandudza kushanda kwemitemo iyoyo. Bernanke akanyora bhuku pamusoro pekugara kwake rine musoro weChrage yekuita .
Anotevera Pfuma Yekare Akatora Tim Geither anotungamirira kuburikidza nekuita mazana ezviuru zvemadhora semukurukuri.
Basa Rokutanga
Bernanke akagamuchira BAC mune zvehupfumi kubva kuHarvard University muna 1975, uye Ph.D mune zvehupfumi kubva kuMIT muna 1979. Ona Bernanke's MIT 2006 Kutangisa Tsanangudzo yezvinyorwa zvake zvekushanduka kwemari.
Akadzidzisa paStanford Business School kusvika muna 1985, paakazova purofesa pa Economics Department paPrinceton University, achiva sachigaro muna 1996. Muna 2002, akabatana ne Federal Reserve Board of Governors uye akava sachigaro muna 2006. Akanga ari Mutungamiriri weMutungamiri Council of Economic Advisers muna 2005.
Muna 2009, akatumidzwa kuti Time Magazine Munhu wegore.