Nzira Dhanu Nheyo Yedu Kutanga Baba Vanodzivirira
The Declaration of Independence inodzivirira iyi American Dream. Inoshandisa mashoko akajeka: "Tinobatisisa chokwadi ichi kuti chive pachena, kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kuti vakapiwa noMusiki wavo nehumwe kodzero dzisingakwanisiki, kuti pakati pazvo ihwo hupenyu, rusununguko nekutsvaga mufaro."
I Declaration yakaramba ichitaura, "Kuti uwane kodzero idzi, hurumende dzinoiswa pakati pevanhu, dzichiwana masimba avo kubva pamvumo yevatongi."
Vabereki Vokutanga vanoisa mutemo pfungwa yekuvandudza pfungwa yokuti chido cheumwe neumwe chekutsvaga mufaro haisi kungozvifadza. Yaiva chikamu chezvinhu zvinoita kuti chido nechinangwa chivepo. Nokudzivirira zviri pamutemo maitiro aya, Baba Vokutanga vakaumba sangano raive rakakosha kune avo vanoda upenyu huri nani.
Kuzvinyorwa zveDeclaration, America Dream ingangokura kana isina kudziviswa ne "mitero isina mumiririri". Madzimambo, vatongi vehondo, kana vatongi havafaniri kusarudza mitero nemimwe mitemo. Vanhu vanofanira kuva nekodzero yekusarudza vakuru vakuru kuti vamiriririre. Vatungamiri ava vanofanira kugara nemitemo ivo pachavo uye kwete kugadzira mitemo mitsva, zvisingabatsiri. Mhirizhonga yemitemo inofanira kugadziriswa nedare redzimhosva kunze kwechikonzero chemu mutungamiriri.
Iyo Declaration inotaurawo zvakananga kuti nyika inofanirwa kubvumidzwa kushandiswa pasina .
IAmerican Dream inodzivirira zviri pamutemo kodzero dzose dzeAmerica dzekuita zvavanokwanisa. Izvo zvinovabvumira kuti vabatsire zvakanakisisa zvavo kune zvevanhu. Iko kutenda kuti nzira yakanakisisa yekuita kuti hurumende inofambira mberi ndeyokudzivirira kodzero yevagari vemo yekuvandudza hupenyu hwavo.
Muna 1931, munyori wenhau dzakaitika James Truslow Adams akatanga kutaura pachena neAmerican Dream. Akashandisa mazwi aya mubhuku rake Epic of America . Adams 'kakawanda-kudzokororwa mashoko ndeokuti, "IAmerica Dream nderota iyo yenyika umo upenyu hunofanira kunge huri nani uye hwakapfuma uye huzere kune vose, nemukana wega woga maererano nekugona kana kubudirira."
Adams akapfuurira kutaura kuti haisi, "... kurota kwemotokari motokari uye mari yakawanda chete, asi kurota kwehutano hwevanhu mune mumwe murume nemudzimai mumwe nomumwe vachakwanise kusvika pane zvakakwana zvavari zvisingagoni kutarisana, uye kuzivikanwa nevamwe kune zvavari, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akakanganisa ekuberekwa kana nzvimbo. "
IAmerica Dream ndeye "chido chekufungidzira kubudirira." Saka akadaro munyori wenhoroondo weFrance Alexis de Tocqueville mubhuku rake rinonzi Democracy in America . Akadzidza chizvarwa cheAmerica muzana remakore rechi19.
Ichi chishongo chakatora mamiriyoni evanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuUnited States. Icho chave chiriwo chiratidzo chakanyanyisa kune mamwe marudzi. Nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika Emily Rosenberg yakatora zvikamu zvishanu zveAmerican Dream dzakaratidzwa munyika dzakapoteredza nyika.
- Kutenda kuti dzimwe nyika dzinofanira kudzokorora kufambira mberi kweAmerica.
- Kutenda muhurumende yemusika wekusununguka .
- Kutsigira kwemasangano ekutengeserana pasina kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kune dzimwe nyika .
- Kukurudzira kusununguka kwemashoko ehupenyu uye tsika.
- Kugamuchira hurumende kudzivirirwa kwebhizimisi rega. (Inobva: Emily S. Rosenberg, Kuparadzira American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion 1890-1945 .)
Zvinhu Zvitanhatu Zvakaita Kuti Ito reAmerica Ioneke
IAmerica Dream yakagoneka kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwaiita kuti kubudirire, rugare uye mukana. Heano hutatu hukuru hunzvimbo, hupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika.
Chokutanga, United States ine hukuru hukuru hwepasi pasi pehurumende imwe chete, zvichienderana nemigumisiro yeHondo yeVanhu.
Chechipiri, America ine vavakidzani vavakidzani. Icho chikamu pamusana pejografia. Mamiriro ekunze eCanada anonyanya kutonhora uye Mexico inopisa zvikuru kuti iite zvinotyisa zvehupfumi.
Chechitatu, zvakawanda zvakasikwa zviwanikwa zvinopa US business trade.
Izvi zvinosanganisira mafuta, mvura, uye zvizhinji zvehova. Mhenderekedzo yakareba uye nzvimbo yakadzika inotadzisa kufamba. IUnited States ndiyo muenzaniso mukuru wekuti zviwanikwa zvepanyika zvakasimbisa sei hupfumi uye zvakapa rudzi irwo musoro kutanga kutarisa mararamiro ayo aripo pasi rose.
Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu akakurudzira vanhu vakawanda vakabatana nemutauro, zvematongerwe enyika, uye maitiro. Izvozvo zvakabvumira vagari vakasiyana-siyana kuti vadzivirire. Makambani eUnited States anoshandisa iyo kuti ive itsva. Vane chikwata chikuru, chinowanikwa nyore nyore chekutengesa kwezvinhu zvitsva. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vanovabvumira kuti vaongorore zvigadzirwa zvemichero. IAmerica "kunyauka" inogadzira dzimwe pfungwa itsva pane zviduku, huwandu hwevanhu huchaita. Kubudirira kweAmerica kunogonawo kuonekwa mune chikamu kuve nekubatsira kwekusiyana kwetsika .
The History of the American Dream
Pakutanga, Chiziviso chinongowedzera Dota kuti ive nemachena vadzimai. Zvisinei, pfungwa yekodzero dzisina kukodzera dzaive dzakasimba zvokuti mitemo yakawedzerwa kuwedzera kodzero idzi kuvaranda, vakadzi, uye vasiri vimba. Nenzira iyi, American Dream yakachinja nzira yeAmerica pachayo.
Mumakore ekuma1920 , America Dream yakatanga kufanana nekodzero kubva pakudzero yekuumba upenyu huri nani kune chido chekuwana zvinhu zvenyama. Kuchinja uku kwakatsanangurwa muFc Scott Fitzgerald inova, The Great Gatsby . Mariri, unhu Daisy Buchanan anodanidzira paanoona shati dzaJay Gatsby, nokuti "haana kumboona zvakadaro-dzakadaro shati dzakanaka kare."
Iyi mhedziso inotungamirirwa nemakaro yeRoto haina kumbobvira inogoneka. Mumwe munhu aigara aine zvakawanda. Irota yeGreat Gatsby raiva "ramangwana rezvemagariro gore gore negore rinoratidzika pamberi pedu. Izvo zvaisazoti isu, asi hazvina basa - mangwana tichamhanyira nokukurumidza, tambanudza maoko edu mberi ... "Makaro aya akaunza kukanganisa kwemusika wekutengeswa kwegore ra1929 uye Great Depression .
Vatungamiri venyika vakataura kushanduka kweAmerican Dream. Mutungamiri Lincoln akapa Rota mukana wakaenzana kune varanda. Mutungamiri Wilson vakatsigira kodzero dzekuvhota dzevakadzi. Izvo zvakaita kuti pave nechitendero che19th Amendment kuMutemo wekutanga muna 1918. Mutungamiri Johnson akakurudzira VII VII yeChito cheRungelo reVanhu ve1964. Izvozvo zvakagumisa kusarura muzvikoro. Inodzivirira vashandi kubva pakusarura kunobva munhangemutange; ruvara; chitendero; zvepabonde, izvo zvinosanganisira pamuviri; kana nyika yakabva. Muna 1967, akawedzera kodzero idzodzo kune avo vanopfuura makumi mana. Mutungamiri Obama akabatsigira mitemo yepamutemo yesungano yemuchato pasinei nekuita zvepabonde.
Mushure memakore ekuma1920, vatungamiri vakawanda vakatsigira Gatsby Dream nekuvimbisa zvinhu zvinobatsira. Mutungamiri Roosevelt akawedzera mukana wakaenzana wekugara kumba nekugadzira Fannie Mae kuvhara mari yekunamatira. Bhuku Rake rezveMari reMatongerwo enyika rakatsigira, "... kodzero yeimba yakanaka, kune rimwe basa rakakwanira kutsigira mhuri yega uye iwe pachako, kune mikana yekudzidzisa yevose uye kuhutano hwehutano."
Roosevelt akawedzera, "Tasvika pakujekeswa kwechokwadi ... kuti munhu wega wega rusununguko haagoni kuvapo pasina hupfumi hwehupfumi uye kuzvimiririra ... Vanhu vane nzara, vanhu vari kunze kwebasa ndivo zvinhu zvekudzvinyirira zvakagadzirwa. " Mune mamwe mazwi, akasimbisa Dota kuti adzivirire America kubva kuNazism, socialism kana communism . Bhuku reDRR risina kukwana reChishanu rakagadziriswa kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwemhuri.
Mutungamiri Truman akavakira pfungwa iyi mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Hondo yake ye "post-war social contract" yaisanganisira GI Bill. Yakapa hurumende-inobhadharwa nehurumende makorogiri ekudzorera veterans. Mutevedzeri wemaguta emuganhu Matt Lassiter akapfupisa "contract" yaTruman nenzira iyi: "... kana ukashanda zvakaoma uye uchitamba nemitemo, iwe unofanirwa zvimwe zvinhu. Iwe wakakodzera kuchengeteka uye nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye usingafaniri kunetseka nguva yose iwe iwe inogona kurasikirwa neimba yako kuti iparadzwe. "
US kubudirira pashure peHondo Yenyika II yakabvumira vanhu kutarisira zvinhu izvozvo muupenyu hwavo. Bush naClinton Administrations zvakatsigira Hope yeimba pamba. Pakati pemushandirapamwe wegore ra2008, Hillary Clinton akapa America Dream Plan . Izvi zvaisanganisira mukana wekuenda kwekoroji, kuponesa kubhadhara, kuva neimba, kupa hutano inshuwarisi yevana vose, kukurudzira kukura kwebhizimisi, uye kubudirira kubudirira.
Mutungamiri Obama akakurudzira pfungwa yeDRR kuti munhu wese anofanira kuva nehutano hwekutarisira utano hwakakwana . Akaita kuti vanhu vakawanda varambe vachienda kune imwe nyika kuburikidza nokuwedzera kushanda kwebasa uye kuwedzera hurumende rubatsiro rwezvikwereti zvevadzidzi .
Pane kusabvumirana pane tsanangudzo yeAmerican Dream nhasi . Vamwe vanofunga kuti takaona Mugumo weAmerica Dream . Asi pfungwa iyi inokurudzira kubva kuna Baba Vokutanga icharamba ichichinja. Izvo zvose kodzero yekutsvaga mufaro uye kodzero yekusawirirana pamusoro pezvinorevei izvo zvinoita kuti America Dream iine simba.