Mari YeUnited States Inoshanda Sei?
IUnited States of America inobatanidzwa ye makumi mashanu nyika muNorth America. Mari yacho yepamutemo ndiyo US $ . IUnited States ndiyo yepfumi yepasi rese yepamusoro . Muna 2015, China yakava guru rezvemari uye yeEuropean Union yechipiri. Pasinei neizvi, hupfumi hweUnited States hwakasimba .
IUnited States ine hutano hwakakanganiswa . Izvi zvinoreva kuti inoshanda semushambadziro wekutengesa mune zvekutengesa uye zvebhizimisi, asi inoshanda semurairo wehupfumi mukuzvidzivirira, mapurogiramu epamberi, mamwe maitiro ekurapa, nezvimwewo nzvimbo.
Sangano reUnited States rakasikwa uye zvino rinodzivirira hupfumi hweMelika hwakakanganiswa.
Kuyera yeUnited Economy
Nzira yakanakisisa yekuenzanisa uwandu hwehupfumi hweUnited States hune chigadzirwa chakashata mumunda , kana GDP. Izvo zvinongedza zvose zvakabudiswa muUnited States, pasinei nokuti yakagadzirwa nevagari veUnited States uye makambani kana vatorwa. Usazvipikisa nemari yakawanda yenyika , iyo yose inogadzirwa nevagari veUnited States nemakambani, pasinei nokuti vari kupi munyika.
Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zveGDP. Zita rokuti GDP ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Inopa mufananidzo we annualized. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti inotaura kuti ingangodaro yakagadzirwa sei mugore kana hupfumi huri kuramba huchienda kune imwecheteyo. GDP chaiye inoita zvakafanana asi inobvisa migumisiro yekutsvaga. Economists vanoshandisa iyo kuenzanisa GDP munguva. Purogiramu yekukura kweGDP inoshandisa GDP chaiyo yekuita kuti kukura kuenzaniswe nekota yekupedzisira kana gore rapera.
Kune zvikamu zvina zveGDP . Kushandiswa kwevatengi ndiyo 70 muzana yehuwandu. Inosanganisira zvishoma-zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa nemabasa.
Muzvipfeko zvinhu zvakagadzikana , semotokari, uye zvinhu zvisingagadziriswi, semafuta. Mukati mavhisi mabhengi uye kutarisira utano. Masangano anoendesa 50 muzana yehupfumi apo zvinhu zvinotakura 20 muzana.
Kushandiswa kwehurumende ndicho chikamu chechipiri chikuru, kutya 18 muzana yeGDP. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwenyika kudzivirira , Social Security mazano uye utano hwehutano. Inosanganisirawo hurumende nehurumende.
Bhizimusi mari inotevera. Inenge 16 muzana yeGDP. Inosanganisira kuveza , kuvakwa kwemaimba uye kuongorora zvinhu.
Ichina chikamu ndechekutengeswa kwenyika. Izvo zvinotengeswa kunze , zvinowedzera kuhupfumi hwenyika, uye kutengeswa , izvo zvinobvisa pazviri.
IUnited States ine dambudziko rekushanda , izvo zvinoreva kuti rinopinza zvinopfuura izvo zvinotengeswa. Iyo yakanyanya kutumira kunze mafuta . Ndichowo chirevo chayo chikuru.
Mari YeUnited States Inoshanda Sei?
Wati wambozviudza iwe pachako, "Zvakanyatsoita sei kuti hupfumi hweUnited States hushande?" Munguva yekuderera , unogona kufunga kuti "Kwete zvakanaka!" Iwe unogona kudzidza kuti ungafanotaura sei kupera kwematambudziko kuburikidza nekuziva masimba matatu anokanganisa hupfumi. Izvo mitemo yekugovera uye kuda, bhizinesi rezvebhizimisi uye kutengesa kwenyika. Aya masimba matatu anosangana.
Kutenga uye Kuda
Kutengesa uye kuda kunotara mitengo, mibairo uye chiyero chemutengo uripo. Mutemo wekugovera uye kuda unoti kugovera kuchasimudza kana kuwira kusangana nemaitiro ekutsvaga kwenguva. Mukumhanya kwenguva pfupi, kana kudiwa kuchikwira uye kupiwa hakugoni kubata, ipapo mitengo ichasimudza. Kunyanya kudiwa kwechigadzirwa kuchaita kuti upiwe mubayiro wevashandi vanogona kuita chigadzirwa ichocho.
Kugovera kunoumbwa nezvinhu zvina zvekugadzirwa . Ivo vari kushanda , kushandiswa kwebhizimisi, zvigadzirwa zvemari uye zvisikwa zvepanyika .
Basa revanhu ndiro rinoshandura zvinhu zvakasvibirira muzvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemashandiro. Inoyerwa nevashandi. Zvituko zvepanyama zvinosanganisira mafuta, nyika uye mvura. Mafuta emafuta anokwana makumi 70 kubva muzana yemari yegesi .
Chikumbiro ndicho chido chemutengi wekuda kuita zvakanaka kana kushanda. Zvinongomanikidzwa nekuda kwevatengi kubhadhara mutengo unopiwa.
Bhizimisi Runyoro
Upfumi hune simba. Kuwedzera kwaro nekuwa kunobva pane bhizimisi . Kurongeka kune zvikamu zvina. Muchikamu chekuwedzera , hupfumi huri kukura. Kana ikakura pahutano hwakanaka hwemazana maviri kubva muzana, hupfumi hunogona kuramba uri muchikamu chekuwedzera kwemakore. Asi kana inopinda chikamu chekushandura kusinganzwisisiki, inogadzira kubwinya kwezvinhu . Ndicho chikamu chechipiri chinonzi peak.
Iko zvino inopinda mucheka. Ndiyo apo kuwedzera kweGDP kunotendeuka uye hupfumi hunopinda mukuderera. Ushayi hunobuda. Tsvaga zvikonzero zvekuderera kwematambudziko .
Apo hupfumi hunopindirana kwemakore, inonzi kuderedza . Dzidza musiyano pakati pekuderera uye kuora mwoyo .
Pasi pekuderera kune mhuka. Upfumi hunobva hwapinda muchikamu chitsva chokuwedzera. Tsvaga kuti tiri kupi mune bhizimisi remazuva ano .
Kutengesa kwezvinhu uye Kusarura
Kuwedzera kwezvinhu kune imwe simba guru muhupfumi. Ndiko kana chido chiri chikuru kudarika uye mutengo uchikwira. Inowanikwa muchikamu chepamusoro chebhizimisi. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Maitiro Anokonzerwa Nezvokupererwa Kwemhuka Kwangu Upenyu Hwangu
Kupera kwezvinhu kwakanyanya kuoma kubvisa kunze. Kana ikangoitika, vanhu vanotanga kutarisira matengo akakwirira. Ndizvo zvavanotenga ikozvino matanhi asati apfuura akawanda mune ramangwana. Iko kunowedzera kunoda zvimwe. Chimwe chikonzero chekuwedzera kwezvibereko ndekuwedzera kwemari .
Kusiyanisa kune zvakasiyana. Izvo zvinoitika apo mitengo inowira. Izvo zvinoitikawo kune zvinhu, zvakadai sedzimba dzekugara uye mahofisi ezvitoro. Izvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwematokari uye matambudziko emari. Inowanikwa panguva yezvikamu zvekudzivirira kwebhizimisi. Tsvaga nzira yekuziva uye kuzvidzivirira kubva kune dambudziko rezvemari rinotevera .
Hurumende Inobatsira
Hurumende yeUnited States inoda kudzivirira kutengesa uye kutengesa.
Kusava nekushanda kwemabasa uye kutengesa kwepamusoro kwemitengo kunopera vezvematongerwe enyika 'mabasa mune democracy. Asi zvinonetsa mumushambadzi wezvemarike. Hurumende inogona kungobatsira chete, kwete kutonga, masimba matatu. Mukurayira hupfumi, hurumende inotarisa mitengo uye kupa. Kunyange zvakadaro, hurumende ine zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekutungamira hupfumi hweUnited States.
Vakasarudzwa vakuru vakuru vane zvigadzirwa zvakawanda mumatare emari. Kutanga, inokonzerwa ne $ 4 trillion yemari yemari . Ndiyo 20 muzana ye $ 19 trillion pfuma. Mari iyoyo inoita kukura kwese iyo inoshandiswa. Iyo inoshandisa mabhizimusi anogadzira mabasa.
Zvizhinji zvazvo zvinotarisa kune zvitatu zvakakura zvinoshandiswa: Social Security benefits, kushandiswa kwemauto uye Medicare. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei hurumende yekuchengetedza hutano yakanyanya chikamu chehupfumi. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemari yekukwira yehutano .
Zvose mari inoguma inobva pamitero yako yemari pamari yako. Zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive kuti inoshandiswa sei.
Mutungamiri anotanga bhajiro gore negore asi Congress chete ine simba rokushandisa. Semuenzaniso, Mutungamiri Obama we Economic Economic Stimulus Package yaiva pfungwa yake, asi haikwanise kuenda chero kupi pasina Congressional kubvumirwa.
Asi kushandiswa kwakakwana. Apo inoparadzanisa mari, inoita kukanganisa kwebhajheji . Kukanganiswa kwegore negore kunowedzera kune chikwereti . Iko chikwereti cheUnited States chakange chakakomberedzwa $ 20 trillion. Izvo zvinopfuura zvayo zvose zvehupfumi. Nhamba dzinotsanangura ichi chikwereti-ku-GDP chiyero .
Imwe hurumende inoshandisa mutemo wekutengeserana. Iyo inokanganisa mari yekutengeswa uye kutengeswa kwekutengeserana kuburikidza nekugadzira kushambadzira kwebhizimisi nedzimwe nyika. Izvi zvibvumirano, sa NAFTA , zvinoda kuderedza mari dzekutengesa uye kuwedzera GDP yeU.S. Pakazosvika 1993 kusvika 2015, United States inotengeswa katatu kuMexico neCanada ichionga NAFTA .
IUnited States inotevera mamwe masangano ehurumende uye yezvematongerwo enyika . Iyo yakakura ndiyo Transatlantic Trade uye Investment Partnership neEuropean Union. Kana ikabvumirwa, ichava hurukuro yekutengeserana yakawanda munyika.
Congress yakagadzirawo Federal Reserve System . Iyo ibheni guru renyika . Inoshandisa mutemo wemari yekudzikisa kutengesa kwezvinhu. Chinangwa chechipiri chinokurudzira hupfumi. Inopomerwa zvakare nekushanda kwakanaka kwebhengi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinodana Sachigaro weFederal Reserve munhu ane simba zvikuru panyika.
Kune marudzi maviri emitemo yemari. Kuwedzera kwemari yemitemo kunowedzera kukura nekuderedza basa. Izvo zvinodaro apo iyo inoderedza chikwereti chechibereko kana inowedzera chikwereti kumabhangi kuti chikweretwe. Izvo zvinowedzera mari yeUnited States.
Inyanzvi yemari inopesana inorwisana nehupfumi uye inononoka kukura. Kuti uite izvi, Fed inomutsa chido chekuda kana kubvisa chikwereti kubva kumabhangi 'mabheji. Izvozvo zvinoderedza mari inowanikwa.
Iko rine mari yakawanda yemashandisirwo emari . Chinyorwa chayo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekudyidzwa mari inowanikwa . Sangano reWorld Open Market rinogadzirisa kuti kushandura mutengo wemari. Inogadzirisawo mabhengi emari anowanikwa kuti akweretese nemakambani akazaruka . Inogadzirisa mari inopa mari yekugadzirisa kutengesa kwezvinhu uye kusarirwa kwemabasa.
Zvishandiso izvi zvinodzora kuti kufarira kunotora sei hupfumi . Enzanisa ikozvino yakadyidzana nemari yemari kusvika kune zvakaitika kare mari yakawanda mari .
Iko kune mamwe matatu mabasa. Inotarisira uye inotonga mabhengi akawanda emarudzi. Inoita kuti misika yemari isimbiswe uye inoshanda zvakaoma kudzivirira matambudziko. Inopa rubatsiro rwebhangi kumamwe mabhangi, hurumende yeUnited States uye mabhengi emamwe marudzi.
Maitiro Ebhizimisi
Ikoko kune rimwe guru rinokurudzira iro harisi chikamu chehurumende. Ndiyo misika yemari paWall Street. Kufuridzira mumisika yezvemari kwakaita kuti hupfumi huve muhuwandu hwakanyanya kubva kubva kuDambudziko rekuDarika . Izvi zvakaitika sei? Yakatanga nezvitsvaga zvaifungidzirwa kuchengetedza zvisingaiti pa subprime mortgages. Chikumbiro chezvivako zvakange zvakasimba zvakanyanya zvakamanikidzwa nevatsigiri vehurumende seAmerican International Group kuti vasave. Izvo zvakakanda Wall Street mukutya kwakapararira munyika yose. Nokuda kwezvimwe, onai Sei Mazvigadziriswa Akasika Chikwereti Crisis?
Izvo zvivako zvivako zviyero uye kudyara kwemari . Ivo vane ngozi kune zvisungo . Izvo zvakachengetedzeka ndeyeZviguru zveMari . Izvo riskiest iss bunk bonds . Iwe unogona kuisa mari mukati memari pamwe chete .
Vazhinji vepfuma vanoita mari vanoisa ruzhowa mari vachiita mari yavo. Vamwe vanotsvaka kudzoka kwakakwirira kuburikidza nekutengeserana mune zvinhu zvinotyisa uye mune ramangwana zvibvumirano. Ndicho chikonzero nei vakawanda vachironga mamwe mitemo paWall Street .
Iko kemari yemari ine simba risingaverengeki uye risina kutarisirwa kuhupfumi hweUnited States. Ndiko nokuti pane zvokudya, zvigadzirwa nemafuta zvinotengeswa. Zvinhu zvevatengesi zvinoshandura mutengo wezvinhu izvi zvaunotenga zuva roga roga.
Misika yechitsinhanisi yekunze kune imwe nyika inobatsira. Vatengesi ivavo vanoshandura kukosha kwebhadha rekuAmerica uye mari dzedzimwe nyika. Izvozvo zvinokanganisa mutengo wekutengeswa uye kutengeswa kwenyika. Tsvaga ikozvino ye euro kusvika kudhora rekutendeuka .
Iko Mari Inobata Sei?
Aya mazano mashanu ekutanga anokuudza kuti hupfumi huri kuita sei. Ivo ndivo vanonyatsotariswa nevaongorori, Wall Street uye hurumende.
- US GDP inotarisa hupfumi hwegore roga roga. The Bureau of Economic Analysis inovandudza mwedzi wose. Heinoi ikozvino GDP yeUnited States .
- GDP per capita inokuudza kuti yakawanda sei nhengo yeUnited States inobatsira kubva mune zvehupfumi. Inosunungurwa kamwechete pagore.
- Ikozvino basa rapasi inokuudza kuti mabasa akawanda akawedzerwa sei mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Icharatidzawo kuti mashizha ari kuirii. Inongororwa mwedzi uno neBusiness of Labor Statistics. Heanoi ikozvino maUnited States mubayiro waro .
- Iko kusakwanisa kwehuwandu hwemabasa chiratidzo chekudzivirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inotevera maitiro. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti vashandi vanomira kusvikira hupfumi hwakasimba vasati vashandira. Vanotarisirawo kusvikira kuderera kwave kuchiitika vasati vasiya vashandi. Vachachera zvimwe zvese mari yekutanga mukuedza kunonoka marwadzo. Hurumende uye Fed vanozviona. Vanoedza kuchengetedza chiyero pedyo nehuwandu hwekushaya kwehuwandu hwe4%.
- Hurumende yeUnited States inotarisa kutengesa kwezvakabatanidzwa nemutengo wevatengi . Asi dzimwe nguva inopa ruzivo runotsausa. Ndiko nokuti yemakethe yemari inogadzira mafuta, gesi uye zvokudya zvekutengesa. Vanogona kudengenyeka uye vobva vadzika mukati memwedzi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Federal Reserve inoshandisa kuwedzera kwekutengesa kwenzvimbo panzvimbo. Izvozvo zvinosanganisa simba uye zvokudya zvekudya. Heanoi ikozvino kuwedzera kwekutengesa .
Nzira yakanakisisa yekufanotaura zvichaitwa nehupfumi ndeyezvipi zvishanu zvinotevera hutungamiri hwehupfumi hunoratidza .
- Ikozvino yakachengetedza zvigadzirwa zvemari zvinokuudza iwe kuti mamiriyoni akawanda akapihwa nevagadziri. Zakawanda zveizvi ndezvokuchengetedza uye ndege dzekutengesa sezvo dzichidhura. Inosanganisirawo motokari. Vanotora nguva yakareba kuvaka uye kutumira. Kana mirairo yakakwirira, GDP ichawedzera mune ramangwana. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukati mezvinhu zvakachengetedzeka ndezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha . Ndiyo mishonga nemichina yebhizimisi inoda zuva rose. Vanongorayira zvinhu izvi zvinodhura pavanonyatsoziva kuti hupfumi huri nani .
- Manufacturing jobs inokuudza kuti iwe unogadzira chivimbo. Apo fekitari inokura, makambani anoda vashandi vakawanda pakarepo. Izvo zvinoitika nguva refu zvinhu zvisati zvaonekwa muGDP. Saizvozvowo, apo vashandi vanobhadhara vashoma vashandi, zvinoreva kurema kwemari kunogona kuva munzira yayo. Kuwedzera mukugadzira kunobatsirawo mamwe maindasitiri. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutakura, kutengesa uye kutarisira.
- Misika yemabhizimisi inowanzofanotaura zvichaitwa nehupfumi mumwedzi mitanhatu inotevera. Ndizvo nokuti vatengesi vemabhizimisi vanopedza zuva rose zuva roga roga vachitsvakurudza maitiro ehupfumi uye bhizimisi. Heino maDenhau anonyanya kuwanikwa .
- Kuvaka zvivako kunokupa mwedzi mipfumbamwe kutungamirira mumusha mutsva kuvaka. Maguta akawanda anopa mvumo kwemwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu mushure mokunge mutengi anoratidza chibvumirano chitsva chekutengesa kumba .
- Nharaunda inowanikwa ndiyo chiratidzo chinotonyanya kukosha nokuti ndiyo inotungamirirwa neFed kukura. Kuderera kwekuderera kunowedzera kuwedzerwa kwemabhizimisi nevatengi. Kana zvikwereti zvisingabatsiri zvinoparadza zvinoda. Kune rumwe rutivi, kuwedzera kwezvikwereti zvinokonzera kupera mari. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwereti zvinodhura zvakanyanya, kuderedza kudiwa.