Mipfumi Yakavanzwa ye NAFTA
1. Kazhinji Trade
Pakazosvika 1993-2017, kutengeserana pakati pematatu acho katatu kubva pa $ 297 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 1.17 trillion.
Izvozvo zvakaita kuti hupfumi huwedzere , ruzivo, nemabasa kune dzimwe nyika nhatu. Yakaderedzawo mitengo yevatengi.
Munguva iyoyo, United States yakawedzera kutengeserana kwayo kwezvinhu kune dzimwe mbiri kubva pa $ 142 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 525 mabhiriyoni. Icho chikamu chechitatu chezvinotengeswa zvachose. Canada ($ 282 mabhiriyoni) neMexico ($ 243 mabhiriyoni) ndiyo yaiva yemabhizimisi maviri ekutengesa kunze kwekuAmerica muna 2017. Kutengeswa kweCanada ($ 300 mabhiriyoni) neMexico ($ 314 mabhiriyoni) kwakabva kubva ku $ 151 mabhiriyoni muna 1993 kusvika kune $ 614 mabhiriyoni. Ndiyo 26 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvese zve US zvinotengeswa.
NAFTA yakasimudzira bhizimusi nekubvisa mitero yose pakati penyika nhatu. Yakagadzirawo zvibvumirano pamusoro pekodzero dzepasi pose kune vashandi vemabhizimisi. Izvozvo zvakaderedza mari yekutengeserana. Inotadzisawo mari yekutsvaga uye kukura, kunyanya kumabhizimisi maduku.
2. Kuderedza Mitengo
Mitengo yepamusoro yakaderedzawo mitengo inotengeswa . Izvo zvakaderedzawo ngozi yekutengesa kwenyika uye yakabvumira Federal Reserve kuchengetedza chikwereti chezvibereko pasi.
Iko kunonyanya kukosha pamitengo yeoiri kubvira kubva kuAmerica zvakanyanya kupinda mune mafuta. IU.S. yakatora $ 144.2 biliyoni mumafuta kubva kuMexico neCanada. Tichivonga kukura kwemafuta ekuUnited States , iyi nhamba yakaderera kubva ku $ 157.8 mabhiriyoni mugore ra2007. NAFTA yakaderedza US kuvimba nemafuta emitambo kubva kuMiddle East nekuVenezuela .
Yaiva inonyanya kukosha apo US inorambidzwa mafuta kubva kune Iran . Sei? Mexico neCanada ishamwari dzenyika. Vamwe vatori vemabhizimisi, vakadai seVenezuela neIran, vanoshandisa mafuta sezvematongerwo enyika chess piece. Semuenzaniso, vose vakatanga kutengesa mafuta mumari kunze kwefoddollar .
NAFTA inoderedza zvigadzirwa zvekudya nenzira yakafanana. Zvokudya zvinotengeswa zvinokwana $ 39.4 mabhiriyoni muna 2013, zvichibva pa $ 28.9 mabhiriyoni muna 2009. Yakaderedza mitengo yemichero itsva, chokoti, michero (kunze kwebhanana), uye nyama yenyuchi.
3. Kuwedzerwa kweHurumende kuwedzera
NAFTA yakasimudzira kuwedzera kwehupfumi hweUnited States nekusvika 0.5 muzana pagore. Nzvimbo dzakabatsirwa zvikuru ndeyekurima, motokari, uye mabasa.
US farm iri kutengeserana kuCanada neMexico yakawedzera 156 muzana. Iyo inofananidzwa nekuwedzera kwe65 muzana mumapurazi kunze kwenyika yose. Purazi kutengesa kune imwe nyika kuCanada neMexico chete yaive yakakura pane kutengeserana kune imwe nyika kusvika kumatanho matanhatu makuru akabatanidzwa. Pose purazi inotengeswa kunze yaive $ 39.4 mabhiriyoni muna 2015.
NAFTA yakawedzera purazi inotengeswa kunze kwekuda nokuti yakabvisa matunhu akakwirira eMexico. Mexico ndiyo inonyanya kutumira kune imwe nyika yekuAmerica, mupunga, chikafu chesoya, chimedu chezviyo, maapulo, uye nyemba. Ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kune dzimwe nyika kune imwe nyika yezviyo, soya, uye mafuta.
NAFTA yakagadzirisa US auto industries nekugadzirisa kushandiswa uye kutyaira kudhura mari. Magasi akawanda akaitwa muNorth America iye zvino ane zvikamu zvakasungwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika nhatu. Kuwedzerwa mukukwikwidzana kunobvumira mbhizimusi kuti idzivirire kunze kweJapan. Mexico inotengesa mamwe motokari kuUnited States kupfuura Japan. Pamberi pekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwepfuma muna 2008, Japan yakabudisa kaviri kupfuura Mexico. Pakazosvika 2020, Mexico ichagadzira 25 muzana yemotokari yese yekuNorth America.
NAFTA yakawedzera kushandiswa kweUnited States kune imwe nyika kuCanada neMexico kubva pa $ 25 biliyoni muna 1993 kusvika pakadarika $ 106.8 mabhiriyoni muna 2007. Kuderera kwemari kunowedzera kushanda kwemari zvakaoma, saka mabasa haana kubviswa. Pakazosvika 2009, vakangokwira madhora 63.5 mabhiriyoni. Pakazosvika gore ra2012, kutengeswa kwebasa kwakange kwawedzera kusvika ku $ 88.6 mabhiriyoni.
Zvinopfuura makumi mana zvezana zveUnited States GDP ndezvibasa, zvakadai semari yemari uye utano hwehutano.
NAFTA inopedza matanho ekutengeserana munharaunda dzakawanda dzebasa, izvo zvinotungamirirwa. NAFTA inoda hurumende kudhinda mitemo yose, kuderedza mari yakavanzika yekuita bhizinesi.
4. Akagadzirirwa Mabasa
NAFTA exports yakagadzira mamiriyoni mashanu emisha yeUnited States. Zvizhinji zvemabasa izvi zvakaenda kune dzimwe nyika 17, asi zvose zvese zvakaona kuwedzera. Vashandi veU.S. vakawedzera mabasa anopfuura 800 000 pakati pe1993 na1997. Ndokusaka vabatsiri vakatengesa $ 487 mabhiriyoni muna 2014. Izvo zvakagadzira $ 40,000 mukutengesa kune dzimwe nyika kune umwe neumwe wekudyara.
Kunyange kutengeswa kunobva kune vaNaFTA vakasika mabasa. Ndiyokuti inenge 40 muzana yeAmerica inotengeswa kubva kuMexico yakatanga nemakambani eAmerica. Vakagadzira zvigadzirwa zvemukati, ndokubva vatora chikamu chekuita muMexico. Pasina NAFTA, vangadai vakaenda kuChina. Zvinogona kunge zvisina kusikwa zvachose. (Inobva: "NAFTA, 20 Makore Gare gare," Knowledge @ Wharton, February 19, 2014.)
5. Kuwedzerwa Kwokutengeswa Kwekune dzimwe nyika
Sezvo NAFTA yakagadziriswa, US inoshandiswa kune imwe nyika inowanikwa muCanada neMexico ine kudarika katatu. Yakazosvika $ 452 biliyoni muna 2012 (yakapedzisira kuwanikwa inowanikwa). Izvozvo zvakasimudza purofiti kumabhizimisi eUnited States kuburikidza nekuvapa mikana yakawanda yekuvandudza, uye misika kuti iongorore.
Canadian and Mexican FDI muUnited States yakawedzera kusvika $ 240.2 mabhiriyoni, kubva ku $ 219.2 mabhiriyoni muna 2007. Izvozvi mari inowedzera yakaenda kuUnited States , inshuwarisi, uye mabhizimisi emakambani.
NAFTA yakachengetedza zvinyorwa zvezvinhu. Yakabatsira mabhizimisi matsva kuburikidza nekuderedza kutyora. Yakakurudzira FDI nokuti makambani anoziva kuti mutemo wenyika yose uchachengetedza kodzero dzavo. NAFTA yakaderedza vatengesi 'ngozi kuburikidza nekuvimbisa kuti vachava nemvumo yepamutemo yepamutemo sevatengesi vemunharaunda. Kuburikidza neA NAFTA, vatengesi vanogona kutora mvumo yepamutemo pamusoro pehurumende kana ichisarudzira mhizha yavo kana kuti inotora pfuma yavo nepamusoro.
6. Kuderedza Hurumende Inoshandiswa
NAFTA yakabvumira makambani munyika dzinhengo kuti vaende kune zvibvumirano zvose zvehurumende. Izvozvo zvakagadzira nhandare-kutamba minda kumakambani ose mukati memiganhu yemvumo. Inoderedza kukanganisa kwemari yehurumende kuburikidza nekubvumira mamwe makwikwi uye mabhizimusi emadhora. (Kubva: " Quantification ye NAFTA Benefits ," USTR. "NAFTA Kukunda: Kuongorora Kwemakore makumi maviri eMipiro," US Chamber of Commerce, Gumiguru 27, 2015. "NAFTA Section Index," USTR. "
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