Nhoroondo yaro chii?
Kukurudzira kwe NAFTA kwakatanga naMutungamiri Ronald Reagan , avo vakagadzirira imwe kambani yeNorth America mumushandirapamwe wake.
Muna 1984, Congress yakapfuura Mutemo uye Mutengo Wenyaya. Izvozvo zvakapa mutungamiri we " fast-track " simba rekukurukurirana zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pasina . Inobvisa Congressional kodzero yekuchinja nhaurirano. Pane kudaro, inobvumira Congress chete kukwanisa kubvumirana kana kusabvumirana chibvumirano chose. Izvo zvinoita kuti kukurukurirana zvive nyore nyore kwehutungamiri. Vafambidzani havafaniri kunetseka kuti Congress ichaita nitpick zvakananga zvinhu.
Mutungamiri weCanada Mulroney akabvumirana naReagan kuti vatange kukurukurirana kweCanada-US Free Trade Agreement. Yakasayirwa muna 1988 uye yakatanga kushanda muna 1989. NAFTA yakashandura iyo. (Kubva: "NAFTA Timeline," NaFina.)
Mutungamiri weRegan, Mutungamiri HW Bush, vakatanga kutaurirana neMutungamiri weMexico, Salinas, nokuda kwesangano rekutengeserana rakasununguka pakati penyika mbiri. Pamberi pe NAFTA, mari yeMexico inotengeswa kuUnited States yaiva yepamusoro ye 250 muzana kupfuura mari yeUnited States inotengeswa kunze kweMexico.
Muna 1991, Canada yakakumbira chibvumirano chetatu, izvo zvakatungamirira ku NAFTA. Muna 1993, kunetseka pamusoro pekusununguka kwebasa uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza kwakatungamirira kugamuchirwa kwemamwe addendums.
Muna 1992, NAFTA yakasayirwa neMutungamiri George HW Bush, Mutungamiri weMexico ainzi Salinas uye gurukota reCanada Brian Mulroney.
Yakagamuchirwa nemitemo yemitemo yenyika nhatu muna 1993. US House of Representatives yakagamuchira iyo 234 kusvika 200 munaNovember 17, 1993. Sangano reUnited States rakabvumira iri 60 kusvika ku38 munaNovember 20, mazuva matatu gare gare.
Mutungamiri Bill Clinton akasaina mutemo munaDecember 8, 1993. Yakapinda simba musi waJanuary 1, 1994. Yaiva yekutanga yaMutungamiri Clinton, uye ndima yake inofananidzwa seimwe yekutanga kubudirira kwake. (Inobva: "NAFTA Isina Kuiswa Murairo," History.com, December 8, 1993.)
Chii Chinangwa Chayo?
Chinyorwa 102 chesangano re NAFTA chinorondedzera chinangwa chayo. Pane zvinomwe zvinangwa zvakananga.
- Ipai vashandi vemazita ekuremekedzwa kwenyika.
- Kurega zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana uye kuve nekufambisa kushambadzirana kwezvinhu nezvinhu.
- Kukurudzira mamiriro ekukwikwidza kwakanaka.
- Kuwedzera mikana yekubwirwa kwekutsvaga.
- Inopa kuchengetedzwa nekusimbiswa kwekodzero dzekodzero dzepfuma.
- Dzai nzira dzekugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwebhizimisi.
- Kugadzira hurongwa hwekuwedzera hutano, hutano, uye hutano hwekushandira pamwe nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwechibvumirano chebhizimisi. (Inobva: "FAQ," NAFTA Secretariat.)
Izvozvo Zvazadzika Chinangwa Chayo Here?
NAFTA yakazadzisa zvose zvinomwe zvezvinangwa zvayo. Izvozvo zvakaitwa kuti ive nzvimbo huru yepasi pose yekutengeserana kwemashoko maererano nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemumba.
Chinonyanya kukosha, chakawedzera kukwikwidzana kweve nyika nhatu mumusika wepasi pose. Izvi zvakave zvakakosha kubva pakatanga kweEuropean Union . Inobatsira kukunda hupfumi hweChina nekusimudzirwa kweimwe nyika inotengesa mazai. Muna 2007, EU yakatsiva United States sehupfumi hwepasi pose . Muna 2015, China yakatsiva zvose uye yakatora nzvimbo yakakwirira.
Mu 2016 Presidential Campaign
Donald Trump akavimbisa kubatanidza zvakare NAFTA kuti awane mikana iri nani kuvashandi veUnited States. Anoda Mexico kuti iparadze mutero weVAT kuUnited States kuenda kuMexico. Anodawo kuti Mexico ipedze chirongwa chemaquiladora. Kana Mexico neCanada vasingabvumi, iye aizodzoka kubva ku NAFTA. Akatyisidzirawo kuisa chikamu chemazana makumi matatu kubva muzana pamutengo wekuMexico. Hezvino Chii Chinoitika Kana Trump Dzopuka NAFTA.
Mutungamiri weChris Presidential 2008
NAFTA yakarwiswa kubva kumativi ose panguva yemushandirapamwe wegore ra2008.
Barack Obama akazvidza mhosva yekushaiwa basa . Iye akati yakabatsira mabhizimisi ekubhadhara kwevashandi muUnited States. Izvowo hazvina kupa zvakakwana kudzivirira kushandiswa kwevashandi uye zvakatipoteredza pamuganhu weMexico.
Hillary Clinton akabatanidza chibvumirano chebhizimisi muchibvumirano chake chekusimbisa zvakasimba zvese zviripo zvebhizimisi, uyewo kumisa chero zvitsva. Vose vakaganhurwa vakavimbiswa kuti vaizogadzirisa kana kudzoka kunze kwechibvumirano zvachose. Obama haana kuita chero chinhu pamusoro pemishandirapamwe iyi inopikira apo aiva purezidhendi.
Muna 2008, muongorori weRepublican Ron Paul akati achagumisa chibvumirano chebhizimisi. Akati akange ari kukonzera "superhighway" uye akaienzanisa neEuropean Union. Asi kusiyana neU.U, NAFTA haisimisi mari imwe chete pakati pezvisayina zvayo. Pauro akachengetedza hurumende iyi muna 2012 .
Republican nominee John McCain akatsigira NAFTA, sezvaakaita zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana pachena. Zvechokwadi, aida kusimudzira chikamu chakange chiripo mukati maro chakavimbisa kuzarura United States kumabhizimisi eMexico.
Ross Perot
Pasinei neropafadzo yaNaFTA, yakaramba iine kukakavara. Kukanganisa kwaro kunowanzotaurwa munguva yekushanda kwehurumende. Muna 1992, musati mvumo yekutengeserana isati yasimbiswa, Mutungamiri wehurumende we Independent, Ross Perot, akarayira achiti, "Muchazonzwa hurumende inonwisa maitiro ekudzingwa munyika ino." Ross akafanotaura kuti United States icharasikirwa nemamiriyoni mashanu emabasa kune vashandi vashoma vanodhura Mexican. Izvozvo zvingava kuvhara 4 kubva muzana yeUnited States basa.
Kutaura kwaPeot hakuna kumboitika. Mexico yakaenda mune imwe nyika uye United States yakapinda munguva yekubudirira. Ichokwadi, vashandi veAmerica vakadzingwa nekutengeswa kweMexican kunodhura. Asi tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti yaive yakaita se 2,000 pamwedzi. Tsvaga zvakawanda pamusoro pe NAFTA Pros uye Cons. (Kubva: "Mabasa uye NAFTA," Brad DeLong.)