Musika Unotengeswa neSoko Market
Uyu mutengesi wepasi rose une mativi maviri. Yokutanga ndiyo Interbank Market. Ndiko uko mabhizimusi makuru ekushandirana mari pamwe chete. Kunyangwe iine chete nhengo dzishomanana, mhizha yacho yakawanda.
Somugumisiro, inorayira mari inokosha.
Chikamu chechipiri ndeye-over-the-counter market. Ndiko uye vanhu vanoita zvekutengeserana. Iko OTC yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru kubva kune ikozvino makambani akawanda anopa kuendesa mabhizimusi mapurisa. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona About Forex Trading .
Kutengeserana kwekunze kune dzimwe nyika isimboti pakati pemapato maviri. Kune marudzi matatu emabasa. Misika yematengesi ndeyomutengo wemari panguva yekutengeserana. Iko mberi kwemashamba chibvumirano chekushandura mari pamutengo unobvumirana pamusoro pezuva rinouya. Shanduro yekushandura inosanganisira zvose. Vatengesi vanotenga mari pamusika (pamutengo wemazuva ano) uye vanotengesa mari yakafanana mumusika wokutanga. Nenzira iyi, ivo vachangopedza ngozi yavo mune ramangwana. Hazvina mhosva kuti mari yacho inowira sei, havangarasikirwi kupfuura iyo yakatarwa mutengo. Panguva iyi, vanogona kuisa mari iyo yavakatenga pamusika.
Interbank Market
Misika ye interbank ndiyo mabanki emabhanki anotengeserana mari pamwe chete.
Mumwe nomumwe ane mari yekutengesa dawati inonzi dairy desk. Ivo vari kutarisana nemumwe nemumwe vachienderera mberi. Izvozvo zvinoratidza kuti kuchinja kwehuwandu hunoita sunifomu pasi rose.
Izvo zvishoma kushandiswa ndeye mamiriyoni enye emari iri kutengeswa. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutengesa dzakawanda zvikuru, pakati pemamiriyoni gumi kusvika ku100 muhutano.
Somugumisiro, kuchinjwa kwemitengo kunotarisirwa nekambani ye interbank.
Misika ye interbank inosanganisira mabasa matatu ataurwa pamusoro apa. Mabhandi anoshandawo mumusika we SWIFT. Iko kunovabvumira kutumira kushandurana kune dzimwe nyika kune mumwe nemumwe. SWIFT inomirira Society for World-Wide Interbank Financial Telecommunications.
Mabhangi anotengesa kuti azvigadzirire pfuma ivo pachavo uye nevatengi vavo. Pavanenge vazvitengesa ivo pachavo, inonzi inyanzvi yekutengeserana. Vatengi vavo vanosanganisira hurumende, mari yehupfumi, makambani makuru, ruzivo rwemari uye vanhu vakapfuma. (Mhedziso: "Kushandura Kwakaitwa Mabasa - Interbank uye Forex," FX Street.)
Heino vatambi gumi nevashanu vakakurumbira mumusika wokutengesa kune dzimwe nyika.
| Bank | 2015 Share of Forex Market |
|---|---|
| Citi | 16.11% |
| Deutsche Bank | 14.54% |
| Barclays | 8.11% |
| JP Morgan Chase | 7.65% |
| UBS | 7.30% |
| Bank of America | 6.22% |
| HSBC | 5.40% |
| BNP Paribas | 3.65% |
| Goldman Sachs | 3.40% |
| RBS | 3.38% |
| Societe Generale | 2.43% |
| Standard Chartered | 2.40% |
| Morgan Stanly | 1.97% |
| Credit Suisse | 1.66% |
| State Street | 1.55% |
(Inobva: "FX Survey 2015," Euromoney.)
Kushandura
Muna 2014, Citigroup, Barclays, JPMorgan Chase uye Royal Bank yeScotland vakazvipa mhosva nemhosva yekutengeserana kwematengo emari. Heuno maitiro avakazviita.
Vatengesi pamabhangi vaizobatana mumakamuri ekukurukurirana mumutambo.
Mumwe mutengesi aizobvumirana kuvaka nzvimbo yakakura mune mari, oizotinura pa4: 00 pm London Time zuva nezuva. Ndiyo apo iyo yeWM / Reuters yekugadzirisa mutengo yakatarwa. Mutengo iwoyo unobva pamabasa ose ari kuitwa muminiti imwe chete. Nokutengesa mari munguva iyoyo, mutengesi anogona kuderedza mutengo wekugadzirisa. Ndiyo mutengo unoshandiswa kuverenga zvikwangwani mune mutual funds. Vatengesi kune mamwe mabhanga vaizobatsiranawo nokuti vaiziva kuti mutengo wekugadzirisa waizove wakadini.
Vatengesi ava vakataurirawo vatengi vavo pamusoro pemari yemari. Mumwe mutengesi weBarclays akaitsanangura se "mari yakaipisisa yandinogona kuisa pane iyi iyo mutengi asarudza kutengesa neni kana kundipa bhizimisi remangwana haishanduki." (Chinyorwa: "The Forex Fix," The Financial Times, November 12, 2014. "Kubvumira kune dzimwe nyika mabhizimusi Makambani Anoita Mafeloni eNzvimbo Dzakakwirira," The New York Times, May 20, 2015.)
Market Market
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange ndiyo yekutanga kupa mari yekutengesa. Yakatanga International International Monetary Market muna 1971. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutengesa dzinosanganisira OANDA, Forex Capital Markets, LLC uye Forex.com.
Mari yekutengesa ine vatengesi vakawanda kune Interbank Market. Asi dhora rose rinotengeswa zvishoma. Misika yekutengesa haina kuchinja kutengesa kwehuwandu hwakawanda. (Chinyorwa: " The Foreign Exchange Market ," Martin Boileau, Yunivhesiti yeColorado.)
Central Bank
Central mabhangi havawanzoshandisi mari mari mune dzimwe nyika. Asi vane simba guru. Central mabhangi ane mabhiriyoni kune dzimwe nyika . Japan inotora $ 1.2 triliyoni, kunyanya mu US dollars . Makambani echiJapane anotambira madhora mubhadharo kune zvekutengeswa. Vanovashandura ivo kuti yen vabhadhara vashandi vavo.
Japan, kufanana nedzimwe mabhanga makuru, inogona kutengesa yen madhora mumatengesi epamberi apo inoda kukosha kuwira. Izvo zvinoita kuti kunze kweJapan kunodhura. Japan inosarudza kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzisinganzwisisike zvakadaro, zvakadai sokusimudza kana kuderedza chidimbu chechido chokukanganisa kukosha kwe yen. (Inowanikwa: "Vakuru Vanowanikwa MuMusika Wokutanga," FXStreet.com.)
Semuenzaniso, Federal Reserve yakaratidza kuti yaizosimudzira mhindu yemari muna 2014. Izvo zvakatumira dhora racho rinokosha kusvika 15 kubva muzana, zvichigadzira pfuma yakawanda .
Nhoroondo
Kwemakore mazana matatu akapfuura, pane imwe nzira yemakethe yemari yokuchinjana kune imwe nyika. Pamusoro pezvakaitika kare zveUnited States, vatengesi chete vevatengesi vaiva mabhizinesi akawanda evanhu vakaita bhizinesi munyika dzakawanda. Vakashandisa misika ye forex kuti vadzivirire kutarisana kwavo kune dzimwe nyika mari. Ndiyo nokuti dhora reUnited States rakagadzirirwa pamutengo wegoridhe . Nokuwedzera, ona Gold Price History .
Mariko yemari yekunze kune imwe nyika haina kubvisa kusvikira muna 1973. Ndiyo apo Mutungamiri Nixon akasunungura zvachose kukosha kwedhora pamutengo we imwe yegoridhe . Izvo zvinonzi mitemo yegoridhe yakachengetedza dhora pamutengo wakadzika we 1/35 we imwe yegoridhe. Nezvimwe, ona History of the Gold Standard .
Imwe Nixon yakagumisa chiyero chegoridhe, kukosha kwedhora kwakakurumidza kupera. Dhora raodhora rakasimbiswa kupa makambani kukwanisa kuvhara dambudziko iri. Mumwe munhu akasika US Dollar Index kuti ape chikafu chekutengeserana. Nokukurumidza, mabhangi, hedge funds nevamwe vatengesi vanofungidzira vakapinda mumusika. Vakanga vaine chido chokutsvaga purogiramu pane kungozviisa pangozi.