Tsanangudzo, Aina uye Basa
Ndezvipi misika yemari ? Inogona kuvhiringidza, nokuti inofamba nemashoko akawanda. Iko inosanganisira misika huru, Wall Street , uye kunyange "misika." Chero chipi zvacho chaunovaidza, misika yemari ndeyopi vatengesi vanotenga uye vanotengesa zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhizimusi , zvisungo , zvigadzirwa , zvishandise kune dzimwe nyika , uye zvinhu. enda kundosimudza mari kuti ikure.Ndiyo apo makambani anoderedza ngozi uye vatengi vanoita mari.
Mhando dzeMari Maketheni
Iko Stock Market ndiyo inongororo yekutengeserana umo makambani akabudirira anoenda kukwidza mari yakawanda kuti iwedzere. Sangano ndezvikamu zvehuwandu hwehurumende yehurumende inotengeswa kune vashandi kuburikidza nevatengesi vevatengesi. Vashandi vanobhadhara apo makambani anowedzera mari yavo. Izvi zvinoita kuti hupfumi hweUnited States hukure. Zviri nyore kutenga mashizha, asi zvinotora ruzivo rukuru kutenga zvigadzirwa mukambani yakarurama.
Kuvanhu vakawanda, Dow ndiyo yemusika. Dow, iyo zita rezita reDow Jones Industrial Average, inongova nzira imwe chete yekutevera kushanda kweboka rezvikwata. Ikoko kunewo Dow Jones Transportation Average uye Dow Jones Utilities Average. Vashandi vakawanda vanozvidza Dow, uye panzvimbo pacho vanoisa pfungwa paS & P 500 kana zvimwe zvikwangwani kuti vaone kufambira mberi kwemusika. Matanda anoita aya mazana anotengeswa pamakambani ematengesi enyika, maviri acho anosanganisira New York Stock Exchange uye NASDAQ .
Iko mari yemusika inoshanda zvichienderana nezviito uye zvisarudzo zvevatengi nevatengesi pamusoro pezvavanofunga pamusoro pebatsiro emakambani anotengeswa.
Mutengo wemari unokupa kukwanisa kutenga matanda akawanda panguva imwe chete. Nenzira, izvi zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakareruka chokuisa mari mukati memaoko.
Nokuderedza kushambadzira kwemahombekiti emabhizimisi, vakavewo nemigumisiro yekugadzirisa hupfumi hweUnited States. Pasinei nezvinobatsira, iwe uchiri kuda kudzidza kuti ungasarudza sei mutual fund .
Bond Market ndiyo iyo masangano anoenda kunowana chikwereti chikuru kwazvo. Kana mitengo yematengo ichikwira, mitengo yezvisungo inoderera. Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana- siyana zvezvisungo , kusanganisira Treasury Bonds , zvibvumirano zvebambani , uye masisita emunharaunda . Bonds inopawo zvimwe zvekushambadzira kunochengetedza hupfumi hweUnited States huchiita zvakanaka.
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa uhu huripo pakati peHondory bonds pamwe neHaidy bond bonds . Apo Treasory bond bond inowira pasi, zvibereko zvinokwira kuti zvibatsire. Apo Treasury inobereka kuwedzera, ndizvo zvinoita kutora chikwereti chido . Kunyanya kuipa, apo Treasury inoramba ichingopera, ndizvo zvinoita kukosha kwedhora . Izvi zvinokonzera kutengeswa kwekutengeswa, izvo zvinogona kutengesa kutengesa . Pfuma yemari inobereka inogonawo kufanotaura nezveramangwana. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwezvibereko zvekukohwa kunoratidza hupfumi.
Iyo Imodesi Market ndiyo iyo makambani anokanganisa matambudziko avo emangwana kana achitenga kana kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvepanyika. Sezvo mutengo wezvinhu wakafanana namafuta, chibage, negoridhe zvakashata, makambani anokwanisa kuvhara mumutengo unozivikanwa nhasi. Sezvo izvi kugoverana zviri pachena, vashandi vazhinji vanotengesa zvinhu zvekuwanikwa chete.
Havana chinangwa chokutenga zvipembenene zvakawanda zvehombodo, semuenzaniso.
Oiri ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mumari yeUnited States. Inoshandiswa pakufambisa, zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, plastiki, kupisa, uye magetsi. Apo mitengo yemafuta inomuka, unoona kuitika kwemafuta emitengo kwevhiki rimwe gare gare. Kana mafuta nemafesi zvichange zvakakwirira, iwe uchaona kukosha kwezvokudya mumavhiki matanhatu.
Misika yemagariro yemangwana inosarudza mutengo wamafuta . Chii chiri mberi? Icho inzira yekubhadhara chimwe chinhu nhasi chinopiwa mangwana. Izvi zvinobvisa zvimwe zvekutsvaga muhupfumi hweUnited States. Inobvumira mabhizinesi kutarisa mari yemberi yemazuva ano.
Mhedziso inowedzerawo mutengo wevatengesi nokumurega achikwereta mari kuti atenge zvigadzirwa.
Izvi zvinogona kugadzira zvishoma, kana vatengesi vanofungidzira zvakarurama. Inokurudzirawo kurasikirwa kana vatengesi vachifungidzira zvakaipa. Kana vatengesi vakakwana vachifungidzira zvisina kururama, inogona kuva nehukuru hwehupfumi hweUnited States, chaizvoizvo kuwedzera huwandu hwekusagadzikana. Zvinhu zvekutengeserana zvaive zvakakonzerwa nerekodhi- yepamusoro yemafuta emafuta muna 2008 ne2011, izvo zvakaguma nekudengenyeka kwezvokudya uye kunyange Arab Spring.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndarama . Yakatengwa sechivigirano ichipikisa kupera. Mitengo yegoridhe inokwirawo kana pane zvakawanda zvekushaya chokwadi mune zvepasi. Munguva yakapfuura, dhora rose raigona kutengeswa mukati mekukosha kwayo mugoridhe. Asi apo US inodarika tsika yegoridhe , yakarasikirwa noukama uhwu nemari. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vazhinji vanotarisa goridhe seimwe nzira yakachengeteka kune mari kana mari.
Deri vayo ndeyekuoma kwezvinhu zvemari zvinotangira kukosha kwezvinhu zviri pasi pezvinhu. Vashandi vekutsvaga mari uye hudge mari vanovashandisa kuti vawedzere kubudirira kwavanokwanisa. Muna 2007, hedge funds yakawedzera pakuzivikanwa nekuda kwekudaidzwa kwavo kwepamusoro kwevatengi vekupedzisira. Sezvo hudge mari inotengesa zvikuru mune ramangwana, vamwe vaitaura kuti vakaderedza kusagadzikana kwemusika wepamusoro uye saka hupfumi hweUnited States. Hedge fund inotengeswa mu subprime mortgages nezvimwe zvakagadziriswa zvakakonzera dambudziko rezvemari rose re2008 .
Kunyangwe izvi zvisati zvaitika, ruzivo rwemari rwakanga rwaratidza hupenyu hwavo hunotyisa. Muna 1997, nyika huru yakawanda yehedge fund panguva iyo, Long Term Capital Management , yakaderedza hupfumi hweUnited States.
Kutengeserana kwekufambisa kwekutsvaga kune mushambadziro wepasi rose mune imwe nyika umo mari inotengwa uye inotengeswa. Zvinodarika $ 5.3 trillion zvinoshandiswa pazuva, uye 87 muzana dzinosanganisira dhora reU.S. Chinenge chechina-chechina chemashizha chinoitwa nemabhangi kune vatengi vavo, kuderedza kusada kwekuita bhizinesi kune dzimwe nyika. Hedge mari inokonzera imwe yezana nezana uye imwe yacho inofungidzira. Iyi yemusika inobata kuchinja kwehuwandu uye naizvozvo kukosha kwedhora nemamwe mari. Shanduro dzekushanda dzinoshanda pamusana pekutsvaga uye kugoverwa kwemari yenyika, pamwe nehupfumi hwenyika iyoyo uye yezvemari.
Basa reMarike yeMari
Misika yemari yezvemari inoita kuti hurumende yakazaruka uye yakarongeka yekambani kuti iwane mari yakawanda yemari. Izvo zvinoitwa kuburikidza nematengesi emashamba uye ezvisungo. Masoko anobvumirawo mabhizimisi aya kubvisa dambudziko. Vanoita izvi nezvinhu, zvekutsinhanisa kwemazuva anouya zvibvumirano, nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa.
Sezvo misika iri vanhu vose, inopa nzira yakazaruka uye yakajeka yekugadzirisa mitengo pazvose zvinotengeswa. Zvinoratidza ruzivo rune ruzivo rwezvinhu zvose zvinotengeswa. Izvi zvinoderedza mari yekutora ruzivo, nokuti yakatoiswa mumutengo.
Uwandu hwemashamba emari hunotipa mari. Mune mamwe mazwi, vatengesi vanogona kubudisa zvinhu pose pavanenge vachida kukwidza mari. Ukuruwo kunoderedzawo mari yekuita bhizinesi. Makambani haafaniri kuenda kure kuti awane mutengi kana munhu anoda kutengesa.