Inguva Inofadza Bhomba Here?
Aina
Kune marudzi maviri emari yepensheni. Yokutanga ndiyo Defined Benefit fund . Zvinosungirwa kubhadhara mari yakasimbiswa kumunhu anobatsirwa, zvisinei nokuti mari yacho inonyatsoita sei.
Mushandi anobhadhara mari yakatarwa muhomwe. Uyu mutariri wezvikwama anofanira kuwana zvakakwana zvekudzoka kune wekutsvaga kwekubhadhara kubhadhara zvipo. Sangano rinofanira kubhadhara chero kukanganisa kupi zvako.
Makambani anofunga kuti mari ichadzoka 7-8 kubva pagore. Ndiyo mamiriro avo ezvakaitika kare. Zvechokwadi kunodzoka chete 6-7 kubva muzana. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti makambani haasi kugovera zvakakwana kuti zvizobhadharwa munguva yemberi. (Inobva: "Vakawanda Vasina Rugare Vanodzoka," Economist , yaSeptember 12, 2015.)
Inonzi Defined Benefit pensheni yepensheni ndiyo iyo vanhu vakawanda vanofunga pavanoti "pensions" nokuti iwe unogamuchira mhindu yakafanana yakajeka kwazvo. Izvi zvakafanana negore rakapiwa nekambani yemishuwarenzi. Muchiitiko ichi, mushandi anoshanda sekambani yehushuwarisi uye anotsigira dambudziko rose kana pamusika madonhwe. Makomborero anovimbiswa nehurumende yehurumende nePension Benefit Guaranty Corporation .
Rudzi rwechipiri ndi Defined Contribution fund .
Zvikomborero zvevabatsiri zvinotarisana nekunyatsogadzirwa kwemari. Nyaya dzakawanda pane idzi ndeye 401 (k) s. Mubhidha haafaniri kubhadhara mari yakatsanangurwa kana chikwereti ichiderera mukoshi. Iyo ngozi inotumirwa kune mushandi. Kuchinja kwengozi ndiko kusiyana kwakakosha pakati pezvinotsanangurwa kubatsirwa uye chirongwa chinorondedzerwa chirongwa .
Matambudziko
Muma1980, makambani akawana kuti zvaive zvakanakira kuti vashandure kunotsanangurwa zvirongwa zvezvipo. Somugumisiro, vashandi vashomanana uye vashomanana vanofukidzwa nepensheni. Hurongwa hwehurumende, kusanganisira Social Security, hwakagara nezvirongwa zvinorondedzerwa. Asi zvikwereti hazvina kukwana kuvhara tsika yakanaka yekurarama .
Mari yepensheni yakaderedzwa nematambudziko emari muna 2008 . Kubva panguva iyoyo, mameneja akawanda vakawedzera kubata kwavo kwezvisungo kuderedza ngozi. Pakazosvika gore ra2014, mari yakawanda yemari yakawanda yakabata chikamu chikuru chemari yakasarudzwa kupfuura iyo yakaitwa mumatokari nemamwe mari inotyisa. Mugore iroro, makumi mashanu ezvinyorwa zvakadzama zvakanakira zvirongwa muS & P 500 yakachengetedza $ 947.7 mabhiriyoni muzvinhu zvose. Kubva ipapo, 41 muzana vakanga vari musungo uye 37 chete muzana vakanga vari mumatanda.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzinodzingwa ndezvenguva refu zvisungo, kusanganisira 10-year Treasury note . Ndechokuti vatungamiri vanoda kudzikinura zvisungo apo vazhinji vevashandi vavo vanosiya basa mu10, 20 nemakore makumi matatu. Somugumisiro, makambani akatengesa madhora 604.9 mabhiriyoni e-grade-grade bonds nezvikwereti zvemakore gumi kana kupfuura, anowedzera zviyero zvegore negore zvakatengeswa kubva muna 1995. Mari yemari yepensheni inenge inenge hafu yezvitsva zvemakore makumi mana nemakore makumi mashanu emakambani emabhizimisi akatengwa.
Ichi chidimbu chakaomesesa kushandiswa kwezvisungo zvakakurumbira, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kutenga.
Icho chimwe chemasimba anochengeterwa chido chekuderera pasi, kunyange mushure mokunge Federal Reserve yakagadzirisa kutengesa kwepamusoro . Ichowo chimwe chezvinhu zvishanu zvinogona kutungamirira kukashambadzika kwebhizimisi .
Mataundi akawanda ari kutarisana nehotera shomanana. Semuenzaniso, vana veChicago's pension funds havakwanisi kusvika $ 20 mabhiriyoni anodiwa kubhadharira vashandi vadzo. Izvo zvinopfuura zvishanu nguva yebhajimiti yegore negore. Somugumisiro, Moody akaderedza chikwereti cheguta racho kuBhaa2, pamusoro pepamusoro pemaitiro asina basa.
Izvi zvakawedzerwa mari yeguta racho. Ikozvino inofanira kupa zvikwereti zvepamusoro zvakadzama pamasistiro eomasisita ayo kupa mubairo vatengesi nokuda kwengozi yakawedzerwa. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Inzvimbo Yakavanzika MuMabhanki Emasitadhi .
Rwendo rweZvitsa gumi-gumi Zvikuru Zvikuru zvePensheni
| Zita | Kupi | Assets | Invests In | Matambudziko |
| Social Security Trust Fund | US | $ 2.7 trillion | US Special Treasury | Mari inochengetedzwa nehurumende. |
| Hurumende Investment Pension Fund | Japani | $ 1.26 trillion | 55% yeJapan bonds | 2.8% kudzoka. Ichatsinhanisa $ 200 mabhiriyoni kuhomwe. |
| Hurumende Pension Fund | Noweyi | $ 849 mabhiriyoni | Diversified | Simba guru repasi rose rehupfumi mari . 5.2% kudzoka |
| ABP | Netharenzi | $ 425 biliyoni | Diversified | 3.9% inodzoka muna Q1 2014. |
| National Pension Service | S. Korea | $ 406 biliyoni | Korean assets | Mafaji ndiwo 1/3 yeGDP yenyika. Unofanira kusiyanisa. |
| Federal Retirement Thrift | Washington DC | $ 326 mabhiriyoni | Iine mazana makumi manomwe ezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoda kubhadhara mishonga. | |
| CalPERS | California | $ 300 biliyoni | 50% pasi rose | 7.3% kudzoka. |
| Local Govt. Mapurisa | Japani | $ 201 biliyoni | ||
| Central Provident Fund | Singapowo | $ 188 biliyoni | Hurumende yezvisungo | |
| Kanada Pension | Kanadha | $ 184 biliyoni |
(Inobva: Bloomberg, P & I Towers Watson)