Chinoita Kuti Vanhu Vatenge Zvigadzirwa Zvitsva Zvokubhadhara
Chikumbiro chekutsvaga mari yakasimbiswa kwakasimbiswa pashure pekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwema2008 .
Izvozvo ndezvekuti federal Reserve yekuwedzera kwemari yemitemo yakachengetedza chido chekuda pane zvinyorwa zvakaderera kwemakore manomwe emakore. Njodzi-inotsvaga vatengesi vanoshandura zvakawanda zvezvikwata zvavo kune zvakagadziriswa zvekuwana mari. Vaida kuchengetedza zvikwereti pazinga rimwechete.
Mitauro yeFixed Income
Kune zvikamu zvina zvakakura zvezvikwereti zvakasarudzwa zvekuwana mari. Mishonga yemazuva mashomanana inodzorera dhora rakaderera, asi iwe chete unosunga mari yako kwemwedzi mishomanana kana kupfuura. Mishonga yakareba kwenguva refu inobhadhara muzinga wakakwirira, asi unofanira kusiya mari yako inotengeswa kwemakore.
Derivatives inogadzira michina. Vanowana kukosha kwavo kubva pasi pezvinhu zviduku kana zvenguva refu. Vanonyanya kukosha kudzoka nokuti iwe unotora mari shoma. Asi kana vakarasikirwa nemari, iwe unogona kurasikirwa nezvakawanda kupfuura kutanga kwako kushandiswa. Chechitatu-chikwereti chakasimbiswa-kubhadhara mari inogadziriswa.
Nenguva pfupi: Inhamba yezvikwereti pane idzi nhoroondo inobva pane zvakadyiwa mari inoshandiswa , kana kuti iyo yakaenzana neHarare yemari yemadhora emakore mana kana pasi.
Apo iyo yakadyidzwa mari yakawanda yakaderedzwa kusvika zero muna 2008, zvigadzirwa izvi zvakagadziriswa zvikuru. Kuti vawane zvibereko zvakakwirira, mumwe wevatengesi vanochinja kubva munguva pfupi kusvika kune imwe nguva. Mabhizimusi anoshandisa zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi kuti avhare kutengesa mari inodiwa kubhadhara mabasa ezuva nezuva.
Nhoroondo dzekuchengetedza : Bhizinesi inokubhadhara iwe yakagadziridzwa chidimbu chekufarira, zvichibva kune yakadyiwa mari yehuwandu.
Iwe unogona kuwedzera kana kubvisa chero paunenge uchida.
Mari yeMakethe Accounts : Bhengi inokubhadhara iwe zvishoma nezvishoma yakatarwa muwandu wekufarira. Mukudzoka, iwe unofanira kuchengetedza chikamu chiduku chakaiswa. Iwe unopera munhamba yekutengesa kwaunogona kuita mugore.
Zvitatimiti zveDhipatimendi : Unofanira kuchengetedza mari yako inotengeswa kwekubvumirana-panguva kuti uwane chivimbiso chekudzoka.
Mari Makashamba Mari : Izvi ndezvemari pamwe chete inoshandisa mari yakasiyana-siyana. Iwe unobhadharwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunobva pakachengetwa kwenguva pfupi. Izvi zvaisanganisira mabhizimisi eMari, mapurisa ehurumende, uye Eurodollar inopa. Vaiisanganisira kubhadhara zvibvumirano, zvivako zvekuisa mari, uye mapepa ebhizinesi rebhizimisi. Izvo zvinotarirwa pane zvinotarisirwa zvehurumende, maguta, kana mamwe marudzi emasangano emasimende.
Nenguva shomanana Bond Funds: Iyi mari inobatanidzwa inowedzera mugore rimwe chete kusvika kune makore mana. Vazhinji vavo vanobatanidza zvibvumirano.
Nguva Yenguva Yakare: Inhamba yezvikwereti pane idzi nhoroondo inotevera Mahomwe ezvinyorwa uye zvisungo. Mutengo wacho unobva paurefu hwechibvumirano.
Mari Yomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe : Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo masangano anowana zvikwereti zvakawanda. Kusiyana nezvikwereti, zvisungo zvingatengwa kana kutengeswa sezvimwe zvakachengeteka. Kana mitengo yematengo ichikwira, mitengo yezvisungo inoderera.
Zvikwereti zvinodzoka zvakaderera uye panjodzi yakaderera kupfuura mashizha. Vatengi vanovatenga kana vachida kudzivisa ngozi.
Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana- siyana zvezvisungo . Izvo zvakachengeteka zvinobudiswa nehurumende. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye US Treasury manotsi uye zvisungo ($ 10.4 triliyoni yakawanda). Zvadaro mavhendi anosungirwa ($ 3.8 trillion inowanikwa), uye zvisungo zvekuchengetedza . Sezvo ivo vakave vakachengeteka, vanopa mari yakaderera yakaderedzwa.
Vazhinji vatengesi vashanduki vakatendeukira kuhutano hwekambani dzinopa huwandu hwehuwandu. Iko ikozvino $ $ 8 trillion muzvisungo izvi zvakajeka. Makambani anovatengesa kana vachida mari asi havadi kubudisa mashizha.
Kune mavara maviri emabatanidzwa emakambani nematokisi. Nzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzinobhadhara chikamu chinogara chiripo, kunyange zvazvo chiri chimiro chedu. Convertible bonds is bonds dzinogona kutendeuka kumatokari. Nheyo dzinobhadhara zvikamu zvinowanikwa nguva dzose zvinowanzoiswa panzvimbo yezvisungo zvekusungirwa mari.
Kunyange zvazvo vasiri nyanzvi yemari yakagadziriswa, vatariri vemapatotipu vanowanzobata saizvozvo.
Eurobonds ndiro zita rinowanzoitirwa Eurodollar zvisungo. Izvo zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvakabudiswa mu euro asi panzvimbo yemari yenyika yavo kana US madhora.
Bond Mutual Funds : Idzi idzi ndezvemari inenge ine mari yakawanda yezvisungo. Izvo zvinobvumira munhu mumwe wezvikwereti kuti awane zvikomborero zvekuva nezvisungo pasina dambudziko rokutenga nekuzvitengesa. Mari inowirirana inopa huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana kupfuura varimi vakawanda vanogona kuwana ivo pachavo.
Exchange Traded Funds : Bond ETFs dzinozivikanwa nokuti dzine mari shoma. Vanongoratidzira kushanda kwebhuku renhengo, panzvimbo yekushanda nesimba sekugadzirisa mari.
Fixed Derivative Revenue: Iyi mishonga yemari inowana kukosha kwayo kubva pazvisungo zvepasi. Vashandi vezvemabhizimisi, makambani, uye makambani emari vanovashandisa kuti vadzivirire kurasikirwa.
- Zvisarudzo zvinopa mutengi kodzero, asi kwete basa, kutengesa bhandi pane imwe mutengo pamubvumirano-pane zuva remangwana. Kodzero yekutenga chisungo chinonzi call call . Kodzero yekutengesa chibvumirano ndiko kusarudzwa kusarudzwa . Zvinotengeswa pane imwe shanduro yekutengesa.
- Nguva yemaivimbiso yakaita sarudzo, kunze kwekuti ivo vachisunga vatori vechikamu kuti vaite basa racho. Zvinotengeswa pakuchinjana.
- Zvimbambiso zvibvumirano zvakafanana nezveramangwana zvibvumirano , kunze kwekuti zvisiri kutengeswa pakutsinhanisa. Pane kudaro, iyo inotengeswa pamusoro peConter , kana pakati pemapato maviri zvakananga kana kuburikidza nebhangi. Zvinowanzotaridzirwa zvakanyanya kune zvinodiwa zvemaviri mapato.
- Kutengesa-kutsigirwa kuchengetedzwa kunotora kukosha kwavo kubva pamatombo emari yemari. Kufanana nechisungo, vanopa chiyero chekudzoka zvichienderana nekukosha kwezvinhu zviri pasi.
- Kubhadhara chikwereti zvikwereti kunotangira kukosha kwavo pamotokari yemari uye chikwereti chikwereti chikwereti. Dzimwe nguva vanoshandisa zvikwama zvezvisungo zvehurumende nokuda kwekukosha kwavo.
- Pepa rekutengeserana reAA-back one year-year bond bond packages. Izvo zvinowanikwa pane zviri pasi pezvigadzirwa zvemari. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvivako zvemuzinda, mabhizimisi emagetsi ehurumende, kana imwe nzvimbo yebhizimisi.
- Chirwere chechi swaps chibvumirano chezvibvumirano zvinobvumira vashandi kuti vashandise ramangwana rekuda kwekubhadhara mari. Idzi idzi dziri pakati pemubati wezvisungo zvakasimbiswa uye imwe inobata chibvumirano chechibvumirano. Vanoshandisa Over The Counter. Swaptions ndiwo maitiro pane chimwe chepakati chechido chekutsvaga swap. Izvo zvakabva pane zvakagadzirwa. Dzinofanira kungoshandiswa kufungidzira pamusoro pekuda kwekuwedzera kwekufamba.
- Zvose zvinoshandiswa swap swadzo zvakafanana swa swa chibereko chekutambira, kunze kwekuti zvikwereti zvinobva pazvisungo. Vanogonawo kutora kukosha kwavo kubva pakurongwa kwezvisungo, kuenzanirana kwekodzero, kana bundle rezvikwereti.
Chechitatu-Chikamu Chekubhadharwa Kwekubhadharwa Kwemari Mitsara: Mimwe mitambo yakasarudzwa yemari haifaniri kubva pane kukosha kwekutsvaga. Pane kudaro, kubhadhara kunovimbiswa nomunhu wechitatu.
Social Security: Zvikwereti zvakajeka zvinowanika mushure meimwe makore. Iko kunovimbiswa nehurumende yehurumende uye inorongwa zvichibva pamitero yemitero yawakabhadhara. Inotungamirirwa neSocial Security Trust Fund .
Pensions : Fixed payments inoratidzwa neunoshandira, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemakore amakashanda uye mubhadharo wako. Makambani, masangano ehurumende, uye hurumende vanoshandisa mari yepenjeni kuti vaone kuti pane zvakakwana kuita zvikwereti. Sezvo vashandi vakawanda vachizorora, mashoma makambani ari kupa izvi kubatsirwa.
Fixed-Rate Annuities : Imiti yemishuwarenzi inovimbisa iwe kubhadhara kusingagumi pane imwe nguva yakabvumirana. Izvi zviri kuwedzera kubva vashoma vashandi vanogamuchira pensions.
Nzira yakagadziriswa Inowanikwa Inobata sei US Economy
Fixed income inopa zvakawanda zvehupfumi hunochengetedza hupfumi hweUnited States. Mabhizimisi anoenda kumusika wezvisungo kuti awedzere mari yekukura. Vanoshandisa zvikwereti zvemari pamari kuti vawane mari inodiwa mabasa ezuva nezuva. Hezvino zvakaitika zvakaitika apo paiva nekumhanya pane iyo mari yemisika .
Mari yezvivigiro, manotsi, uye zvisungo zvinobatsira kuisa chido chekuda. Sei? Apo kudiwa kweHurumende yezvisungo kunowira, zvibereko zvinomuka. Vashandi vanobva vatanga kuwedzera mari yezvibereko pamari yakafanana yakasimwa mari. Izvo zvinotumira mitengo yakakwirira pamotokari, kuchikoro, uye kumusha mari.
Kuderera-kutora mari kunogona kukonzera kutengesa . Ndiko nokuti kune zvakawanda zvekutsvaga kutengesa zvinhu zvishoma. Kana kuwedzera kwekutengeswa kusingaratidzi pakushandisa kwevatengi, kunogona kuumba mararamiro emari muzvikwereti.
Iwe unogona kushandisa zvakare mari yeHarare inobereka kufanotaura zvichaitika munguva yemberi. Semuenzaniso, inverted yield yevhizha inowanzosimudzira kutengesa. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, zvinokonzera zvakafanana pamutengo wekutora chikwereti . Inobata chido chekumba , iyo inotsigira 6 muzana yehupfumi. Bonds inokanganisa chikwereti chido chekuda nokuti vari kukwikwidzana nevatengesi vakafanana. Kana zvibvumirano zvinowira pasi, zvino mari yekubhadhara inofanirawo.
Izvo zvinoda mari yeHaimarivha ndeimwe yezvinhu zvitatu zvinokonzera kukosha kwedhora . Ndizvo nokuti zvose zviri kuonekwa sevekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemari, uye inowanzosimudza nekuwira pamwe chete. Asi dzimwe nguva kutarisira kwemazana ekubhadharwa kwezvikwereti kuchaendesa kudiwa kweudhora.