Rwizi Rakavanzwa rweMari Inoita Kuti Nyika Yenyu Iwedzere
Mabhizimisi anoda mari shoma shoma nokuti mari yekubhadhara zvinhu uye maitirwo akatengesa zvingatora mwedzi.
Pasina midziyo yemusika yemari, vaifanira kumirira kusvikira zvikwereti zvakagamuchirwa zvezvinhu zvakatengeswa. Izvi zvinoderedza kutenga kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, kunonoka kutsika kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa. Bhizinesi rinofanira kubhadhara mari yakasarudzwa, kufanana nebhadha, zvishandiso uye mubhadharo, kuti urambe uchishanda. Nokudaro, ichaisa mari yakawanda mune imwe chikwata chemari yemari, ichiziva kuti inokwanisa kuibudisa kana ichiida.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, zvigadzirwa zvemari yemari zvinofanira kunge zvakachengeteka. Bhizimisi raisagona kuisa mari yakawanda mumusika wekutengesa, uye mutariro yematengo hauna kuwira apo inoda mari kubhadhara zvikwereti. Vanofanirwawo kuva nyore kubvisa pachinguva chekucherechedza, uye vasina mari huru yekubhadhara. Kana zvisina kudaro, bhizinesi raizongowedzera mari yakawanda mune yakachengeteka. Kune $ 883 mabhiriyoni mumakambani emari emakambani akabudiswa munyika yose, maererano neBan for International Settlements .
Aina
Commercial Paper: Makambani makuru ane chikwereti chisingatauriki anogona kungobudisa zvishoma zvishoma zvisingagoni kuchengetedzwa zvinyorwa zvinokurudzira kutenga mari.
Pepa rekutengeserana rebasa rinoshandiswa rinobva pamapepa ekutengeserana. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nemhando yemari yemari, ine $ 521 mabhiriyoni akabudiswa munyika yose, maererano neBIS.
Federal Funds : Mabhangi ndiwo chete mabhizinesi anoshandisa mari yehurumende. Iyi mari inoshandiswa kusangana neHeral Reserve Reserve zuva rimwe nerimwe.
Inenge 10 muzana yemadhora ose ebhangi kupfuura $ 58.8 mamiriyoni. Bhengi risina mari yakakwana iripo kuti riite zvinodiwa ichakwereta kubva kune dzimwe mabhanga. Iyo federal money rate , saka, mabhanga anofarira anokwererana mumwe nomumwe kubhadhara mari yakadyiwa. Ikozvino inodyidzana nemari inotengeswa ichaita kuti vamwe vose venguva pfupi vawane chido.
Window Yokuratidza : Kana bhanhire risingakwanisi kubhadhara mari yakawanda kubva kune rimwe bhangi, inogona kuenda kuFed's discount discount. Izvo zvakabhadhara zvinodhura chikamu chekutsvaga chinenge chichikwirira zvishoma kudyidzana mari inoshandiswa. Iyo inosarudza mabhangi kubhadhara kune mumwe nemumwe. Mahombekombe mazhinji haadi kuvharwa kwewindo, asi iri ipapo kana zvichiitika.
Zvitatimiti zveDhipatimendi : Mabhenji anogona kusimudza mari shoma kwenguva refu nekupa zviiti zvekuiswa kwemwedzi umwe kusvika kumatanhatu. Inobhadhara mubhadharo wepamusoro wekutora mari iyo yakareba iyo mari inobatwa.
Eurodollars : Mabhangi anogonawo kutora maCD mumabhanga ekunze, anobatwa muEuro panzvimbo ye US $ .
Zvibvumirano Zvokudzikinura : Mabhanho anopa mari shoma shoma nokutengesa zvikwereti asi achivimbisa panguva imwechete kuti avadzikinure munguva pfupi (kazhinji zuva rinotevera), nechinguva chiduku chakawedzerwa. Kunyange zvazvo iri kutengeswa, yakatorwa sechikwereti chine nguva shoma.
Mutengi wezvokuchengetedza (uyo anowanzoita chikwereti) anoita reverse repo.
Mari yeMarikiti : Hurumende yehurumende inosimudzira kushanda kwemari kuburikidza nekutora zvikwereti munguva dzinotevera: vhiki 4, vhiki 13, vhiki makumi manomwe, uye rimwe gore.
Mahofisi eMaspala : Maguta uye nyika inotora mabhizimisi mashomanana ekusimudzira mari. Kubhadhara kwezvibereko kune izvi hazvibvi pamutero wehurumende.
Mabhengi Anogamuchirwa: Izvi zvinoshanda sehomwe yebhangi yekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda. Bhizinesi rinovimbisa kuti mumwe wevatengi varo achabhadhara zvinhu zvakagamuchirwa, kazhinji mazuva 30 - 60 gare gare. Somuenzaniso, mutengesi anoda kugovera zvinhu, asi mutengi haazomupi chikwereti. Anoenda kubhangi rake, uyo anovimbisa kubhadhara. Bhengi iri kubvuma mutoro wekubhadhara. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Mabhengi Acceptance.
Inowanikwa muHome Market Instruments: Mari yemari yemari uye dzimwe dzimba dzekutsvaga kwenguva pfupi mumabhangi uye hurumende inoshandisa mari yemisika yemisika uye inotengesa zvikamu kuvarimi vavo.
Mazano Anotevera : Izvi zvibvumirano zvinoda vatengesi kuti vatenge kana kutengesa mari yemusika kuchengetedzwa pamutengo unobvumirana pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana. Zvimiso zvina zvinowanzoshandiswa: 13-vhiki yeHaimari yemari, mamiriyoni emwedzi euro nguva inopa, mwedzi mumwe euro nguva inopa, uye mamiririro emasikati makumi matatu emadhora anoshandiswa.
Mazuva Okusarudza : Vatengesi vanogonawo kutenga chete kusarudza, pasina chavanofanira, kutenga kana kutengesa kambani yemari yemusika futres pamutengo unobvumirana pane kana zuva risati rasvika. Pane zvingasarudzwa pamitambo mitatu: mwedzi mitatu yemari yeHarare, mushure memwedzi mitatu yemadhora, uye mwedzi mumwechete yemangwana.
Shamba : Mabhangi vanoita sevaduku kune makambani anoda kuzvidzivirira kubva pakuchinja kwezvibereko.
Bhuku Rekubhadhara: Bhizinesi ichagadzirisa kubhadhara 50 muzana kusvika zana muzana yemutengo wemari yemari kana mupiko asingakwanisi.
Kubhadhara Chikwereti: Bhengi inopa tsamba yechikwereti kuti ichadzikinura chigadzirwa chemari chemari kana mupiko asingatendi.
Zvizhinji zvezviridzwa zvemari yemari chikamu chemari yeUnited States. Izvi zvinosanganisira mari, chengetedza mari, pamwe nemari yemari yemari , CDs, uye savings accounts. Uwandu hwemari inobhadhara hunovhiringidza huwandu hwemari, uye naizvozvo hupfumi hwehupfumi.
Basa reMarike yeMarike muChechi Crisis
Sezvo mari yekutengesa mari inowanzochengeteka, yakauya sechishamisi kune vakawanda kuti vakanga vari pamwoyo wekutambudzika kwemari muna 2008. Zvechokwadi, Fed yaifanira kugadzira mapurogiramu matsva uye matsva ekuchengeta mari yemusika inoshanda.
Vakasikwa nokukurumidza, saka mazita akarondedzerwa chaizvo zvavakaita mumashandisirwo emagetsi angangodaro aine musoro kumabhengi, asi vashoma chaizvo. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakabatanidzwa mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, zvakadai seM MMIF, TAF, CPPF, ABCP, uye MMF Liquidity Facility. Kunyange zvazvo zvishandiso izvi zvakashanda zvakajeka, zvakavhiringidza vanhu vose, zvichiita kuti tisavimba nezvayo zvinangwa zveFed nezviito. Iye zvino kuti dambudziko rezvemari rapera, mathuluzi aya akadziviswa. Dzvanya pane hyperlink kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezveumwe neumwe wavo.
- Mari yeMarikiti Inopa Mari Inowanikwa Mari
- Term Auction Facility
- Zvebhizimisi Pepa Rokubhadhara Nzvimbo
- TALF - Mutengo Wenguva Yechikwereti
- Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Mariko Mutual Fund Zvokushandisa
- Primary Dealer Debt Credit Facility