Izvo zvinodyidzwa mari inotengeswa ndiyo iyo iyo mabhengi ari muhotera inokwereta kune avo vane zvakasara.
Kudyidzana Kunoita Sei Kuda Kwekuda?
Sangano reWorld Open Market Committee (FOMC), iyo komiti mukati me Federal Reserve iyo inonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwebasa rayo pakuisa "chido chekufarira." Mashoko okuti "Fed" uye "FOMC" anowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana mumutambo wemari. Mukuita, FOMC haisi kuisa mitero - mabhangi anotaurirana pakati pemumwe kuti asarudze huwandu hunotora chikwereti. Zvinoitwa neFOMC zvinogadzirisa federal mari " chinangwa chekuita" - iyo inoshandiswa usiku husiku hwekubhadhara. Inopedza izvi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mari inowanikwa, iyo inobudirira nokutenga hurumende dzehurumende (iyo inokonzera mari mubhengi) kana kuitengesa (iyo inotora mari kunze kwegadziriro.
Kuisa mari mumutambo yakagadzirirwa kuunza mitero pasi apo kutora mari kunze kunofanira kuvaunza.
(Funga kupiwa uye kuda: mari shoma iripo, yakakwirira "mari" - kana chikwata chekuda - vatokwere vanenge vachida kubhadhara.Ipapo kana mari yakawanda iripo, shandisa zvinodiwa nemitengo inowira pasi). Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Fed inoita kuti hurumende yemari inoshandiswa mari (yehuwandu iyo mabhangi inotaurirana pakati pavo) inogara pedyo nechinangwa.
Nzira yekutenga uye kutengesa zvisungo inozivikanwa seFed's "mahara emisika."
IFOMC inotarisira zvikwereti zvekuda kuitira kuti ibudirire "dare redu maviri" kana kuwedzera basa uye kuderedza kuwedzera kwezvakaderera . Dare rinosangana kanomwe pagore kuti rikurukure purogiramu yemitemo, asi dzimwe nguva inobata misangano chaiyo kana zviitiko zvisingadikanwi zvibvumirano. Apo komiti inoda kutsigira hupfumi hwehupfumi, inoisa chinangwa chayo pasi. Icho chiri pasi pasi mari inoshandiswa mari, munyaya, vanhu vakawanda uye mabhizimusi vachakwereta kuti vashandise mapurojekiti - kufanana nekuvakwa kweimba yekutengeserana, iyo ichazoita kuti vanhu vashande. Apo FOMC inoda kuderedza kudengenyeka kwezvinhu, inogona kuita zvakasiyana: kusimudza mutengo wekuda kuitira kuti udzivise kukura.
Mari yeFederal Funds Inobatsira Sei Mari?
Iyo inodyidzwa mari inoshandiswa inokosha kuhupfumi mune iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yehuwandu hwehuwandu, iyo ndiyo nheyo yezvikwereti zvakaitwa nevanhu vazhinji. Inokonzerawo mabhidha emabhadharo aripo kune vanoisa mari, uye iyo ndiyo yezvibereko zvehupfumi hurumende hurumende hutengeserana mumusika. Kazhinji, kuwira kwemari mari yehurumende - kana kutarisira kuti ichawa - kwakanaka kune zvikwata zvose uye US Treasures kunze kwekunge iine mugumisiro wenhamo yakafanana neyakaitika muna 2008.
Kuwedzera kwekubhadhara mari yakawanda inowanzove isina kunaka kwezvikwata (nekuderedza kukura) uye hurumende yezvisungo (nekuita kuti zvibereko zvigone kuwedzera - uye mitengo inowira - kwenguva shomanana , izvo zvinozoita kuti zvibatanidze zvibvumirano zvehutano hwose). Uyu ndiwo mutemo wakazara, kwete chero nguva iyo ndiyo nguva dzose.
Sangano rezvemari yehurumende rakakura zvakakura se20%, muna 1980, kusvika pasi se 0% - 0.25%, iyo yakatarwa neFOMC munaDecember, 2008.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peshumo yeFed: