Kutengeswa kwepasi rose kwemakemikari, mishonga nemishonga yezvokurapa zvekufambidzana nemhuka zvakadarika madhora 8 mabhiriyoni gore negore nemamwe madhora 14 mabhiriyoni mukutengesa kwemishonga nemishonga yemombe. Makambani anotevera akaunza kutengeswa mumabhiriyoni emishonga yemhuka .
Maererano neUnited Health Institute, boka rezvemabhizimisi, boka rekutsvaga kwemishonga yemhuka inenge chikamu chimwe chete makumi mana chezvinhu zvakashandiswa pamishonga yemunhu. Sangano rezvemabhizimisi rinofungidzira kuti nhasi "mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemamiriyoni ehove, dzinopfuura 1 biliyoni mombe nemakwai, mamiriyoni 750 nguruve nembudzi, imbwa mamirioni 500 nemakisi mamiriyoni mazana mana" munyika yose vanobatsirwa nekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwemhuka.
Zvirwere zvemishonga zvemhuka zvinoda kubvumidzwa kubva kuZvirongwa neDrug Administration. Maererano neUnited Health Institute, kukurudzirwa kwemishonga mhuka itsva kunotora makore gumi uye kunodhura kusvika ku $ 100 mamiriyoni isati yatenderwa. Mushonga mutsva unotora makore matatu kusvika mashanu kuti uwedzere uye mamiriyoni akaenzana $ 80 mamiriyoni mune mari.
Mhuka yehutano mishonga vanogadzira vanobatsirana neDAA kugamuchirwa nzira kuburikidza nemari yevashumiri yakagamuchirwa neMutemo weMhuka Drug User Fees Act (ADUF) uye Mutemo weDhaka reMishonga yemishonga yemishonga.
01 Zoetis
Zoetis inotanga zvirwere, parasiticides, anti-infectives, mishonga yemishonga inowedzera zvinodhaka nemishonga yekurwadziwa, sedation uye kanzura dzemhuka dzemhuka uye mapurazi.
02 Merck Animal Health
Merck Animal Health inogadzira zvirwere, anti-infective uye anti-parasitic zvinodhaka, kubereka kubata mishonga nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga yekufambidzana nemhuka nemombe.
03 Merial
Merial inokura uye inotengesa zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinosanganisira anesthetics, antiparasitics, antimicrobials, uye masumbo, kuporesa uye mishonga yemwoyo. Inogadzirawo zvirwere zvezvipfuwo, huku uye zvipfuwo.
04 Elanco Animal Health
Elanco inokura uye inotengesa michina yekurapa utano hwemhuka uye kuwedzera mapuroteni ekugadzira. Mishonga inosanganisira kuvharidzirwa kwezvimbwa uye makate, zvinodhaka kurwisa zvirwere mumakumbo, uye zvirwere uye zvokudya zvinowedzera zvezvipfuwo uye huku.
05 Bayer HealthCare Animal Health
Bayer's Animal Health sangano rinogadzira antimicrobials, parasiticides, sedatives, vanouraya kurwadziwa, uye kuwedzera kwezvokudya uye zvokudya zvinowedzera kune imbwa, makati nemabhiza. Mishonga yemhuka yekudya inosanganisira antiinfectives, vaccines, parasiticides uye sedatives uye vanouraya kurwadziwa.
06 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health
Boehringer Ingelheim inotengesa biologicals, zvirwere, mishonga nemimwe michina yekuchengetedza inoshandiswa mumhuka dzemhuka nemombe.
07 Novartis Animal Health
Novartis inokura uye inotengesa mararamiro ezvehutano hwekufambidzana nemhuka, mombe, uye mumisika yemakungwa . Zvishandiso zvakakurumbira zvinosanganisira kurapwa kwemaermatitis, kuchengetedzwa kwemafuro, marwadzo uye mhondi yekudzivirira mhuka mumhuka dzemhuka, nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye antiparasitic muzvipfuwo zvepurazi. Novartis yakagadzirawo mamwe emishonga ekutanga yekurwisa zvirwere zvehutachiona nehutachiona muhove. Iyo kambani yakawanikwa naEli Lilly muna 2015 ye $ 5.4 mabhiriyoni.
08 Virbac Group
Virbac inogadzira antibiotics, zvirwere, antiparasitic, dermatological uye mazino emishonga ekurapa uye kutarisira mhuka dzemhuka uye mhuka dzekudya.