Chii Chinonzi Mari yeMutemo?
"Mutemo wezvemari" ndiro ganda-nguva inoshandiswa kurondedzera zviito zvebhandi guru -muUnited States, US Federal Reserve , kana "Fed". Fed inoona kutevera mitemo inowedzera basa rose uye mutengo wakagadzikana, uye iyo yakasununguka kubva kune simba revatongi (kureva, Congress uye Mutungamiri) .MuState Reserve, mutemo wezvemari unotarirwa neFederal Open Market Committee , iyo inosangana kasere pagore kuongorora hurongwa.
Inonyanya kushandisa mabhizinesi emashandisirwo anoshandisa kuisa mutemo wemari pfupi pfupi inotora mutengo. MuUnited States, izvi zvinonzi " federal money rate ," kana "kupa mari" kwenguva pfupi. Nokukwereta chido chekuda, bhandi guru rinogona kuwedzera mari yezvikwereti uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotadzisa kufamba kwezvemari, iyo inofanirwa - inofanirwa - inobatsira ine zvinodhaka zvekuwedzera . Nokucheka mutengo wemari, bhandi guru rinoderedza mari yemari. Izvi zvinokurudzira hupfumi kuburikidza nekuita kuti zvive nyore kune vanhu nemabhizimusi kubhadhara mari, iyo inotengesa basa rezvemari nekuita zvisingadhura kutenga imba kana mari yekuita basa.
Nenzira, mabhizimusi makuru haana kutsvaga kudzora nguva yakareba , asi mamiriro akasiyana akatevera gwaro rezvemari ra2008 akaita kuti Fed iite mitemo inozivikanwa sehuwandu hwekunaka (QE) uye Operation Twist . Nekutora kwave kuri zero, Fed yakamanikidzwa kutora nzira iyi kuitira kuti ibvise nguva yakareba-yemazuva uye kubatsira hupfumi kugadziriswa kubva shure kwayo-dambudziko rekugadzikana.
Ndeipi Mari yeHurumende?
Mitemo yezvematongerwo enyika inoreva zviito zvehurumende - kwete bhandi guru - sekubatana nemitero uye kushandiswa. Iyo nhaurirano pamusoro pemigumisiro yehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pehupfumi yave ichikurira kwemazana emakore, asi kazhinji inofunga kuti hupfumi hwehurumende hupedza hunobatsira kusimbisa hupfumi, asi kushandiswa kwemari kuderera kunoita kudhonza.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mitero yakakwirira inofungidzirwa kuti igadzire kuwedzera kwehupfumi , asi mitero yakaderera inobatsira kukurudzira. Zvakare, iyi nyaya yekukakavadzana uye pfungwa dzinowanzosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemunhu pane zvematongerwe enyika.
Mari inoshandiswa nehurumende inobata sei hupfumi? Somuenzaniso, funga nyaya yehupfumi hunosvibisa umo hurumende inoshandisa kuwedzera kushandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo; somuenzaniso, kuvaka mabhiriji matsva. Basa iri rinoita kuti vanhu vashande, uye ivo, ivowo, vanoshandisa mari pane zvinhu uye mabasa, izvo zvinobatsira kuisa vanhu vakawanda kushanda, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iyi ndiyo mitemo inonzi "kuwedzera." Kusiyana naizvozvo, chisarudzo chekuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende ndechekuti "zvinopesana."
Pakati pemari yemari uye yezvematongerwo enyika, iyo yekare inowanzoonekwa seyo inonyanya kukosha mune zvehupfumi, asi mutemo wehurumende unoratidzika senzira isiri iyo yakakosha yekukanganisa kukura kwezvinhu.
Maonero emari uye mari yezvematongerwe enyika anobatanidza sei kuchinja mari
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chemari nemitemo yehurumende ndeyokuti haisi kuitika muvharo. Pane kudaro, vaviri vacho vanoshanda pamwechete kuti vashandise mamiriro ehupfumi. Mukutonga kwematongerwo emari, mabhizimusi makuru pakati peFed anoda kuongorora kuti mari yezvematongerwo enyika inobata sei hupfumi kuitira kuti vagone kuchinja kugadzirisa kwavo nenzira yakakodzera.
Pakati pemuganhu iwoyo, migumisiro yezvehupfumi yemakambani emabhandi maitiro - kukura kwepamusoro uye / kana kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro-soro nekukura kwekukura uye / kana kuderera kwepamusoro-kunogona kukanganisa vateereri 'nzira yekubhadhara mitero uye kushandiswa kwehurumende.
MuEurope, somuenzaniso, kukanganiswa kwechikwereti chenyika yacho kwaida kuti hurumende dzive nehupfumi-kusimbisa, iyo yakazoita kuti zvive nemitemo inokurudzira yeEuropean Central Bank . Saizvozvowo, US Federal Reserve yakataura nezvekunetseka pamusoro pekuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende sechimwe chezvikonzero zvakasarudzira kupfuurira mberi kwehuwandu hwekugadzirisa hurumende kuburikidza nekota yechina ya2013, kunyange sevatengi vakawanda vaitarisira kuti inotanga "kuisa" kuwanda kweKE.
Nzira yehurumende yehurumende inobata sei mari yako
Izvo zvakakosha yekutsvaga nzira inosanganisira nzira yekudzivirira maitiro umo mazvisarudzo inobva pane nguva yevatengesi kusvika pakatarisana uye kushungurudzika kwengozi .
Taura izvozvo, inobhadhara kuva nehanya nemafambisirwo ematongerwo emari nemari yemitemo iyo inowedzera kuchinja kwezvinhu zvose zviri mune mari-kutengeserana kwekushanda. Kupfuura kare kose, mutengo wezvikwata zviviri uye zvibvumirano zviri kutungamirirwa nevashambadzi 'kududzirwa kwehurumende uye nepakati-bhenisi mutemo panzvimbo yezvetsika, zvinokosha. Iko zvino inokweretesa kuchengetedza maziso kumusoro kuitira kuti uve nekunzwisisa kwakakwana kwekuti nei zviwanikwa zvako zviri kuita sezvavari. Kutarisa nyaya dzinobata pamusika wezvisungo, ona chikamu changu chinokosha, Zvinyorwa muNhau.