Pakati pekuchinja kwakagadzirirwa kuitika pakati pousiku musi waDecember 31, 2012 kwaive kuguma kwegore rakapera rekubhadhara mitero yenguva pfupi yapera (zvichiita kuti 2% mutero kuwedzerwa kune vashandi), kuguma kwemamwe mitero yemitero yebhizimisi, mamwe maitiro emari mashoma aizotora kukura kukuru, kuwedzera kwe "Bush tax cuts" kubva muna 2001-2003, uye kutanga kwemitero yakabatana nemutemo wekutarisira utano hweMutungamiri Obama.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwemari kunogamuchirwa pamusoro pechikamu chechikwereti chekutsvaga chikwereti che 2011 - chikamu chemadhora mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora emakore gumi - zvakarongwa kuti zviitwe kushanda. Maererano neBarron , zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinopfuura 1 000 - kusanganisira bhajeti yezvokuchengetedza uye Medicare iri mu " Pakati pezviviri, kuwedzera kwemitero kwakaonekwa semutoro mukuru wehupfumi.
Imari yeFiscal Cliff Deal
Maawa matatu asati apera pakati peusiku musi weJanuary 1, Senate yakabvumirana kuita basa rekudzivisa mari yepamusoro. Shanduro yeSeneti yakapfuura maawa maviri mushure mekupedzisira, uye Imba yeVamiririri yakagamuchira chibvumirano maawa makumi matatu gare gare. Hurumende yakazoenda "pamusoro pemupata," sezvo mashoko ekupedzisira haana kubviswa kusvikira mushure mekutanga kweNyika Idzva, asi kuchinja kwakaiswa mubasa racho kwakadzokera shure kusvika kuJanuary 1.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvebasa racho ndezvi: kuwedzera kwemutero wemitero nehuwandu hwepasitori hunoita 6.2% pamari inosvika kusvika $ 113,700, uye kuchinja kwehupfumi hwebhadha hwevanhu vanoita zvinodarika madhora 400 000 uye vakaroorana vanoita kudarika $ 450,000 (iyo inosanganisira purogiramu yepamusoro ichidzoka kubva pa35% kusvika 39.5%).
Mari yekutsvaga mari inobatanidzwawo, nekuwedzera kwetero pamari yekutsvaga kubva kune 15% kusvika ku23,8% yezvipfeko muhomwe yepamusoro yekubhadhara uye 3.8% zvekubhadhara mari kune vanhu vanowana mari inodarika madhora 200 000 uye vakaroorana vanoita zvinopfuura $ 250,000. Iko inopawo vateresi veUnited States zvakanyanya kunyanya maererano nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mutero , uye nhamba dzinoverengeka dzemitero yepamusoro-yakadai sekuregererwa kwechido pamasungwa emasisita - kuramba ari munzvimbo.
Sangano reBongress reBurget rinofungidzira kuti hurongwa huripo hunosanganisira $ 330.3 mumashandisirwo matsva mumakore gumi anotevera, uye ichawedzera kukanganisa ne $ 3.9 trillion panguva iyoyo pasinei nekukwereta mitero pa 77.1% yemhuri yeUnited States. Bloomberg anoti, "Vanopfuura 80 muzana yemhuri dzine mari inenge iri pakati pe $ 50,000 ne $ 200,000 vaizobhadhara mitero yakakwirira. Pakati pemhuri dzinotarisana nemitero yakakwirira, kuwedzera kwemazana kwaizova $ 1,635, iyo mapurisa anoti" A 2% kuderera kwezvemari, kuri kubvumirwa kupera sekunge ((December 31). " Izvo zvikamu zviviri-muzana-chikwata chekubhadhara mutero inotarisirwa kutora madhora zana nemadhora makumi maviri emadhora kubva mune zvehupfumi, izvo zvingava nemigumisiro yakaipa yezvimwe zvinomwe zvegumi zvezana rimwechete rekuwedzera kweGDP .
Ko Chiitiko Chiri Kuzadzisa Chinhu Chese Here?
Chibvumirano chemafambisi ehurumende ndechemashoko akanaka kune imwe nzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo zvisina kufanira kuregererwa kuti vateereri vemitemo vaiva nemazuva 507 (kubva pakubvumirana kwekukwereta kwechikwata chaAugust 2011) kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, asi vachiri kusvika kumaawa ekupedzisira vasati vava kukwanisa kusvika kune imwe sarudzo - chinhu chisingadikanwi, chairo-chinokonzera mutoro uye marheni emari . Zvimwe, chibvumirano chakatarirwa chete nemari yemari (mitero) asi yakarambidza chero kukurukurirana pamusoro pemari yekucheka - iyo inonzi "sequeter" - kusvikira March 1.
Uyezve, zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti mitero yakakwirira ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha pamatombo, uye mitero iri kunyanya kukwira sechikamu chechibvumirano. Kunyange zvazvo dambudziko racho, saka, "rakagadziriswa" (mupfungwa yokuti nguva yakatarwa yapfuura), chikamu chezvinhu zvinosangana nechokudenga zvakasvika pakubudirira. Uye pane imwe nguva kwenguva yakareba, denga racho rakaita zvishomanana kutarisa chikwereti chenyika yacho.
I 2012 Fiscal Cliff Debate
Mukubata nematombo emari, vatongi veUnited States vaiva nechisarudzo pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvaisarudzo, hapana chimwe chei chakanga chakakosha zvikuru:
- Vangadai vakabvumira mitemo yakarongerwa kutanga kwe2013 - iyo yaive ine huwandu hwekuwedzera kwemitero uye kupedza kuderedza kwaive kutarisirwa kuenzanisa zvikuru kukura uye zvichida kutadzisa hupfumi kudzokera mumatambudziko - inotanga kushanda. Izvo zvakasara pamwe chete: kukanganisa kwaizove kwakawira pasi pasi pemitemo mitsva yemitemo.
- Vangadai vakanatsa zvimwe kana kuti zvese zvakarongerwa kuwedzera kwemitero uye kupedza kuderedza, izvo zvingadai zvakawedzera pane zvakashata uye kuwedzerwa maitiro ayo United States angatarisana nenhamo yakafanana neicho chiri kuitika kuEurope . Iyo flip nechokuno kweizvi, hongu, ndeyokuti chikwereti cheUnited States chaizoramba chichikura.
- Vangadai vakatora nguva yepakati, kusarudza nzira yaizotarisana nehuwandu hwemari kusvika kune zvishoma, asi izvozvo zvaizova nechinonyanya kukosha pakukura. Iyi ndiyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakasarudzwa nevatongi mumvumo yakasvika musi waDecember 31, 2012.
Imwe nzvimbo yezvemari yaiva nehanya nevarimi vemabhizimisi uye bhizinesi kubvira apo hukama hwakakosha hwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika hwakagadzirisa kusawirirana kuoma. Vadzidzisi vemitemo vainge vanopfuura gore kuti vagadzirise nyaya iyi, asi Congress - yakanamatira mune zvematongerwe enyika gridlock - ikaisa kutsvaga mhinduro kusvika kuminiti yekupedzisira panzvimbo yekutsvaga kugadzirisa dambudziko racho zvakananga.
Pakati pese, maRepublicans aida kuderedza mari uye nekudzivisa kuwedzera mitero, nepo Democrats yakatsvaga kusanganiswa kwemari yekucheka uye kuwedzerwa kwemitero. Zvichida kuguma kwekuchinja uku ndekwokuti kuwedzera kwehupfumi kunomanikidzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nyika haichazosangana nedambudziko guru rezvekupfumi raizove kana mitemo yose yakabatana nematombo emari akanga apinda.
Mamiriro Akaipisisa-Nyaya
Kana mitemo yemazuva ano yakagadzirirwa muna 2013 yakanga yava mutemo, kukanganisa kwehupfumi kwaizova kunoshamisa. Kunyange zvazvo kusanganiswa kwemitero yakakwirira uye kushandiswa kwemari kunoderedza kukanganisa kweiyo inofungidzirwa madhora mabhiriyoni 560, CBO inofungidzirawo kuti mutemo wacho waizoderedza kudhura kwezvakagadzirwa mumunda (GDP) nevana mazana mapeji muna 2013, kutumira hupfumi muhupfumi (ie , kukura kwakaipa). Panguva imwecheteyo, yakafanotaura kuti kusashaya basa kwaizomuka nechokuzara nehuwandu hwepakati, nekurasikirwa kwemamiriyoni maviri emabasa.
A Wall St. Journal nhau kubva musi waMay 16, 2012, inofungidzirwa kuti inotevera inokonzerwa nemadhora aya: "Muzvose, maererano nekuongororwa kwakaitwa JP Morgan mune imwe nyanzvi yemari Michael Feroli, $ 280 mabhiriyoni aizobudiswa kubva mune zveupfumi nekubuda kwezuva kweBush mutero wemitero; $ 125 biliyoni kubva pakupera kweBharley payroll-tax holiday; $ 40 biliyoni kubva pakupera kwemabasa ekutsvaga kwehupfumi; uye $ 98 mabhiriyoni kubva kuBabget Control Act kupedza mari. Mune zvose, mutero unowedzera uye kupedza kudhura kunotanga kusvika ne3,5% yeGDP, neBush mutengesi wemitengo inotanga kuita anenge hafu yeiyo. "Pakati pekugadzikana kwekare-kushaya simba uye kushaikwa kwemabasa, hupfumi hwakanga husiri munzvimbo yekudzivisa izvi rudzi rwekutya.
Izwi rokuti "Cliff" Rakanga richikanganisa
Zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti kunyange izwi rokuti "dombo" rakaratidza dambudziko rakangoerekana ravapo pakutanga kwegore ra2013, iyi yakanga isiri yebhanari (zviitiko zviviri) izvo zvaizoguma mune imwe sarudzo yakazara kana kukwana zvachose munaDecember 31. Paiva nezvikonzero zviviri zvinokosha nei ichi chiri chiitiko:
1) Kana mitemo yose yakatanga kushanda sezvakarongwa uye yakaramba ichishanda, zvinoguma zvaizova kudzokera kune imwe nyika. Zvisinei, mikana yokuti basa rakadai haringakwanisi kuwanikwa rakanga risina simba pasinei nekureba kwenguva yakatorwa kusvika pakubvumirana.
2) Kunyange kana icho chibvumirano chakanga chisati chaitika musi waDecember 31, Congress yakange iine sarudzo yekushandura mitemo yakarongwa zvakare kusvika musi waJanuary 1 mushure mekupedzisira.
Nekuita izvi, zvakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti pfungwa yeku "kuyambuka denga" yaiva hurukuro yevhidhiyo sezvo kunyange kukundikana kusvika kune chibvumirano musi waDecember 31 hakuna kumboita kuti kushaya mari uye kukanganisa kwemari mari zviitike.