Disinflation 101
Dhiinflation yakawanda kwazvo pane kupera. Nepo paunotanga kuona chiyero chechidiki chekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvingaita sechinhu chakanakisisa - uye zvirokwazvo chaicho kazhinji kune avo vane zvisungo, sezvo zvichiwedzera ivo chaivo (mushure mekuwedzera kwezvinhu) zvinodzoka - izvo zvingasava nguva dzose ichokwadi. Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, kushaya kwekuwedzera kwechikwata kunoratidza kuderera kwekukura nekuwedzerwa kwebasa. Chimwe chiyero chekutsvaga kwezvibereko chiitiko chakanaka chinoratidza hupfumi mune hutano hwakanaka.
Zvisinei, kutengesa kwenyika kunotanga kukura zvakakurumidza kutyisa kukosha kwemari kune zvigadzirwa nemabasa, zvichiita kuti vanhu vashandise pane kuponesa. Kuwedzera kwekushandisa kushandiswa kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvinhu, izvo zvingaguma nekuguma kwehuwandu hwehutachiona -chinetso chakaipa kwazvo chinowanzotarisana nehupfumi hwevanhu. Mune imwe yenhau dzakanyanyisa, huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweWWI hwekuGermany hunowanzoonekwa sechimwe chinhu chakaita kuti maNazi awedzere kukura nesimba.
Deflation 101
Apo kuwedzera kwekuwisira kunowira pasi pe zero, hupfumi hunoti huri mune mamiriro ekudzivirira. Zvakare, izvi zvingaita sechinhu chakanaka pakutanga - kana ngoro izere nezvokudya inodhura madhora 150 nhasi, chii chakashata nayo inodhura $ 140 mangwana? Dambudziko nderokuti sematengo ezvigadzirwa nemabasa e crease, kukosha kwekodhi yemari muzvikwereti.
Izvi zvinotungamira vatengi kuti vashandise kushandiswa kwemari, izvo zvinotungamirira kuhutera hwakanyanya muhupfumi. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira ku "deflationary spiral", kuzvidzivirira kwekuzvidzivirira umo kudonha kushandiswa kunoita kuti kuderedzwa kwezvikwereti muzvivako zvekugadzira, izvo zvinotungamirira kuhuwandu hwemabasa uye zvakaramba zvichiri kupera mumashandisiro.
Chimwe chezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvekutsvaira uku kwakaitika panguva yekudengenyeka kukuru, iyo yakarongedzwa nekodhi-digit deflation pajadir yayo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Japan yakarwa nechisimba pashure pokunge imba yayo yakavhurika muna 1990. Nyika yakange isingakwanisi kudzorera normalized inflation conditions, zvichiita kuti kuberekwa kwe "Abenomics" mugore ra2013, kana mutemo wekukurudzira zvikuru uye kushandiswa kwemari kuiswa mukuita Gurukota reJapan Shinzo Abe.
Dhainflation, Deflation, uye Financial Markets
Dhainflation haisi iyo inenge isina kunaka kumisika yemari. Nhamba dzinogona, uye kazhinji dzinoshanda, dzinoita zvakanaka kana kuyerwa kwekuwedzera kwezvikwata kuchiderera. Zvikwereti zvinogona kuendesa pamusoro apa-kuenzana kwekudzoka mune imwe nzvimbo yekudzivirira zvirwere sezvo ichiita kuti mabhizimusi makuru awedzere kubhadhara chido chekuda uye zvichida kuideredza.
Ramba uchifunga mupfungwa dzako, kupera kwemafuriko kunobatsira apo inflation yakakwirira.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvikwereti ndeye zero, zvisinei, misika ichava yakanyanya kusanzwisiswa nehutachiona hwemhepo sezvo inokonzera tsananguro yekuparadzana.
Chikonzero chekuparadzanisa uku ndechekuti kuparadzanisa kunonyanya kuipa kwehupfumi nemari yemari. Munguva dzenguva yekuparadzanisa, mutengo wematengo unogona kuita zvisina kunaka. Izvi hazvirevi kuti zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvinhu; iyo inogonawo kubva kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoenderera mberi nekuderera (zvakadai sokuderera kwakanyanya, kusagadzikana kwemagariro evanhu, nezvimwewo).
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvisungo zvinowanzoita zvakanaka munguva dzekudzivirira kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana: kukurumidza kukura, kuderedzwa kutarisira kwemazuva emangwana ekutengeserana, sarudzo yepamusoro yebhangi rehurumende, uye " kuenderera kune hutano " mune zvikwereti zvakachengeteka. Uyezve, kuparadzanisa zvinoreva kuti vatengesi (kureva, vatengi vezvisungo) vanogona kubhadhara vateresi (kureva, bond issuers) mumari iyo yakarashika kukosha panguva yehupenyu hwehutano.
The Bottom Line
Dhainflation uye deflation mhuka mbiri dzakasiyana kwazvo. Kunyange zvazvo kusabvisa mweya muropa hakuiti kuti zviparadze chero bedzi kushandiswa kwezvakakwana kwenyika zvichingoita zvakanaka, kuperesa. Iva nechokwadi chekuti uchengetedze kusiyana uku mupfungwa apo iwe unonzwa mazwi maviri anoshandiswa munhau yezvemari.