Mabhangi anosungirirwa kuchengetedza zvinoda - mari yakakwana yekuwana zvinogona kubviswa. Pakupera kweusiku humwe neimwe, mamwe mabhanga anowira pasi pezvinodiwa izvi, asi vamwe vane mari yakawanda.
Mabhanki anoda kusimudzira mari yavo usiku huno anowanzobhadhara kubva kune dzimwe mabhanga paanodyidzana nemari.
Nzvimbo dzezvemari dzinewo dzimwe nzira dzokukwereta, imwe yadzo inokwereta zvakananga kubva kuGeral Reserve Reserve ne "discount window". Chiyero icho Fed inokweretesa mabhengi kuburikidza neyi nzvimbo inozivikanwa se "rebatsiro."
Tsanangudzo yeBhuku reRubatsiro
IFed inogona kugadzirisa iyo inotora purogiramu yakazvimiririra kubva kune yakadyiwa mari yehuwandu. Izvo zvishoma zvinotapira zvinowanzopfuura kudyidzana mari yakawanda, saka inoshandiswa sekupedzisira kushandiswa nebhangi inoda kukwereta. Semuenzaniso, pakutanga kwe2011, iyo inotanga kubhadharwa yaive ye 0,75%, asi iyo inodyidzana nemari inotarisirwa kubva kune 0% kusvika ku 0.25%. Bhengi vanokwereta vanodawo kuisa mari yekukwereta kubva kuhwindo rekutsvaga, uye Federal Reserve mabheni anogona kusarudza kuti awedzere chikwereti chemahwindo chekuderedza.
Kubvira munaJanuary 2003, pane zvitatu zvechikwereti kuti mabhizimusi anogona kuwanikwa paFed's discount discount window: primary credit, secondary credit, uye seasonal credit.
Mumwe nomumwe ane chido chake chaanoda. Secondary chikwereti zvinowanzokwirira kupfuura chikwereti chikuru, asi nguva yekwereti inowanzove yakaderera.
Zvinotungamirirwa nezvose zvitatu zvinokonzerwa nezvikwereti ndeyeStar Reserve Reserve yekuda kuchengetedza zvakakwana mari yekuchengetedza zvikwereti uye kuchengeta masangano asina simba kubva mumatambudziko.
Masangano akaisvonaka kwazvo anowana "chikwereti chekutanga" chikwata chekuda; zvishoma-dzakasimba asi masangano anobatsira anowana "chikwereti chechipiri" kuenzana, sezvinoita masangano ane "matambudziko makuru emari." Nhamba yemari inotora nguva, sezvinoreva zita racho, inowanikwa kune zviduku zviduku zvinoshandisa misika yemagariro nemagariro anoenderana nenguva, zvakadai sebhangi rinoshandiswa mune zvekurima kana nzvimbo yevashanyi uye yakawanda zvakasiyana siyana inoenderana nenguva yemari.
Chinangwa chakakura che "Window Discount"
Iwindo rekubvisa rinokurukurwa zvakare muna 2002 Federal Reserve white paper, iyo inofunga kuti chinangwa chayo ndechekuti:
- Kuita mari inowanika pane dzimwe nguva apo mabhizimusi akazaruka asina kukwana kuti awane zvinoshandiswa pakudiwa, uye
- Kubatsira "mari yakajeka" nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinochengetedza kushandiswa kwekodzero pamusoro pekubhadhara mari kana kuenzanirana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvido zvishoma.
Nei Chechi Chichigadzirisa Chirongwa Chokuratidza?
Sezvakangoitwa ne federal money rate , Federal Open Market Committee - iyo komiti mukati me Federal Reserve iyo inotarisa kufarira kwenhaurirano - inoda kukanganisa mari yezvibereko kuitira kuti ibudirire "dare redu" rekusimudzira basa nekuderedza kuwedzera kwemari . Apo komiti inoda kutsigira hupfumi hwehupfumi, inoisa chinangwa chayo pasi.
Icho chiri pasi kudhura kwemari, muchirevo, kunyanya vanhu uye mabhizimusi vachakwereta kuti vashandise mapurojekiti - sekuvakwa kweimba yekutengeserana, iyo inoita kuti vanhu vashande. Kana Fed ichida kugadzirisa kutengesa kwezvinhu, inogona kuita zvakasiyana: kusimudzira mutengo wekuda kuitira kuti ude kukura.