Nzira Nhanhatu Mutongi weVolcker Unokuchengetedza (uye Nei Mabhanisi Achivenga)
Rule rinotarisa kare mabhengi makuru ekutsvaga, saGoldman Sachs naMorgan Stanley . Aya mabhanga akava mabhizimisi ekutengeserana munguva yezvinetso zvezvemari kuitira kuti vashandise mari yevayibhadhara-vabhadhara mari yebhailouts.
Inodzivirirawo depositors mumabhanki makuru ezvitoro , saJP Morgan Chase naCiti.
Bank CEOs vanofanira kuzvipupurira pachavo kuti vari kutevedzera mutemo. Icho chinoshanda kune wese wese pasi pasi peketani yekuraira. Vashandi vese vebhangi vanobvumirwa nomutemo uye ivo pachavo kana vasingateereri.
The Volcker Rule inobvumira kutengesa mumamiriro maviri. Chokutanga, mabhangi anogona kutengeserana kana zvakakosha kushanda bhizinesi ravo. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kubatanidzwa mune mari yekutengeserana kuti vabvise mari yavo yekune imwe nyika mari. Vanogonawo kutengesa kubvisa chikwereti chekuda. Chechipiri, mabhangi anogona kutengeserana nevatengi vavo. Vanokwanisa kushandisa mari yevatengi chete nemvumo yemutengi. Dzimwe nguva, izvi zvinoreva mabhengi anofanira kunge ane mamwe awo "ganda mumutambo." Mukudaro, mabhengi anogona kudyara kusvika kusvika ku3 muzana yemaguta avo.
Current Status
Mabhangi akafanirwa kutevedzera Volcker Rule kubva munaJuly 21, 2015.
Sei zvakatora makore mashanu Dodd-Frank apfuura? Yakafanirwa kushanda munaJuly 2012, mushure memakore maviri ekuongororwa nehurumende, masangano, uye vanhu. Asi guru rebhangi lobbyists raive rakanonoka. Musi waDecember 10, 2013, nhengo shanu-sangano yakabvuma. MunaMuvhuro 2014, vakapa mabhanga gore rokugadzirira.
makore matatu pashure pokunge Dodd-Frank apfuura.
Mutungamiri weTrump anoda kuderedza kutonga kwehutongi. Musi waJune 13, 2017, mushumo weUnited States Revenue Treasury wakaratidza kusunungura mabhengi ane zvishoma kudarika $ 10 biliyoni muzvinhu. Congress yakange ichitaura nezvekubhadhara chikwereti ichocho. Asi mabhanga makuru akange ariwo akanganisa kuchinja.
Mabhangi anoda rusununguko rwakawanda rwekuita mhizha dzinopera mazuva makumi matanhatu. Pasi peMutongi, vanofanirwa kuratidza kuti mishonga ndeyevatengi. Vanoda kusunungura mamwe mari kune dzimwe nyika kunze kweRule. Mabhandiwo anodawo rusununguko rwakawanda mukutengeserana kwehupfumi hwavo hutungamiri hwakakamura
Kuchinja kunogonawo kubuda kubva kumisheni iyo yakashandura mutemo. Ive nhengo shanu ndeye Securities and Exchange Commission , Federal Federal , Commodities Futures Trading Commission, Federal Deposit uye Insurance Corporation , uye Office of the Comptroller yemari, chikamu cheDhipatimendi reMari. MunaFebruary 2018, sachigaro weGavhuna reGermany Jerome Powell vakati komisheni "iri kutarisa patsva" pamutemo.
Chikonzero nei ichidiwa
Iyo Volcker Rule inotsvaga kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwakaitwa apo Congress yakaparadza Glass-Steagall Act . Girazi-Steagall yakanga iri nyore. Yakaparadzanisa kubhadhara mari kubhengi.
Pasi peGoo Glass-Steagall, mabhizimisi ekutsvaga mabhizimusi aive oga, makambani maduku akabatsira makambani ekusimudza mari kuburikidza nekuenda kune vanhu mumusika wekutengeswa kana kupa chikwereti. Vaibhadhara mari yakawanda, vakagara vashoma uye vaisafanira kutarisirwa.
Mabhizimisi ezvokutengeserana akanga achivhiringidza, nzvimbo dzakachengeteka apo vashandi vaigona kuisa mari yavo uye kuwana zvido zvishomanana. Vangagona kutora zvikwereti pamitemo yakatarwa . Mabhanga ezvokutengeserana akaita mari pasinei nemichero yakaderera yemiganhu nokuti vaikwanisa kuwana mujenya nemari yakawanda mumari ye depositors '.
Mabhangi akakumbira kubvisa Glass-Steagall kuitira kuti vangave vakakwikwidzana munyika yose. Mabhizimisi ekutengesa, akafanana neCiti, akatanga kutengeserana nemitengo yakadai semabhengi ekutsvaga mari. Izvozvo zvaireva kuti CEO dzaigona kuisa nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzemari dzinotora mari kuti dzishandise pasina mitemo yakawanda yekufunganya pamusoro.
Vaiita kudaro vachiziva kuti hurumende yehurumende haina kudzivirira mabhizimisi ekutsvaga mabhizimisi akawanda semabhengi emabhizimisi. Dhizimusi reDICIC rakachengetedzwa rebhizimisi rinoisa mari. Mabhanki aigona kukwereta mari pamutengo unodhura kupfuura chero munhu upi zvake. Izvozvo zvinonzi Libor chiyero . Ingongove bvudzi riri pamusoro pemafuta emari .
Izvi zvakapa mabhangi nehomwe yekusimwa kwebhangi kushandiswa zvisina kukodzera pamakwikwi emunharaunda uye zvikwereti zvemari. Somugumisiro, mabhanga makuru akatenga zviduku uye akazova mukuru kukundikana . Ndiko apo kukundikana kwebhangi kunoparadza hupfumi. Rimwewo-guru-ku-rakakundikana bhengi rinogona kudikanwa kubhadharwa nemutero wemubhadhati.too guru kukundikana. Izvozvo zvakawedzera chimwe chibatsiro. Mabhanga aya aiziva kuti hurumende yehurumende yaizovabhadhara kunze kana chimwe chinhu chakaipa.
Mabhangi aiva nevateresi sevheti rekuchengeteka sevamwe vanoisa mari uye mari yekubhadharira mari. Izvozvo zvinonzi kutengesa tsika. Kana zvinhu zvikafamba zvakanaka, mabhengi vanochengetedza mabhizimisi uye vatungamiri vakakunda. Kana vasina, vateresi vakarasika.
Impact kuBhangi
Mabhanki aigona kurasikirwa ne $ 10 biliyoni muhutano, maererano ne Standard & Poor's. Mukupindura kwe Volcker Rule, Goldman Sachs yakaderedza dambudziko rayo raitora muna 2011. Ndiyo apo yakavhara Goldman Sachs Mazano Mashoma, kupatsanurwa kwakatengesa zvikwereti, uye Global Macro Proprietary Trading dawati, iyo yakaita kuti panjodzi dzisungo zvibvumirano, mari uye zvigadzirwa .
Goldman akacherawo mari muhutano hwega uye hudge funds kusvika ku3 muzana kana pasi pehomwe imwe neimwe. Izvo zvakanaka nokuti izvi zvikwereti zvakakonzera kukanganisa kwechipiri kweGoldman kwegore rimwechete kubva pakuenda kune vanhu muna 1999.
Nzira Nhanhatu Dzinokubata Iwe
Ita Volcker inokubata iwe nenzira dzinotevera nhanhatu:
- Mari yako yakachengeteka nokuti mabhengi haagoni kuvhenda.
- Hazvisi zvishoma kuti mabhanhire achada imwe $ 700 mabhiriyoni bhailout.
- Mabhanga makuru haachazokwanise kushandisa mari yakawanda yehuta hwekugadzira mari yavo.
- Bhijhenti yako yemunharaunda yako ikozvino ine mukana wakanaka wekubudirira uye hauna kutengwa nebhandi guru. Mabanki emunharaunda anowanzoita kupfuura mabhanki makuru ekukweretesa kumabhizimisi maduku.
- Hazvisi nyore kuti iwe uchamuka mangwanani mamwe uye uone kuti kambani yakafanana neLehman Brothers yakundikana.
- Vatengesi vanenge makumi matatu vari mujeri. Asi hapana rimwe remakurukota emabhanki makuru akanzi ane mhosva.
Who the Volcker Rule Is Named After
The Volcker Rule yakarongedzwa naimbova Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker . Panguva iyoyo, akanga ari sachigaro wePurezidhendi Barack Obama we 2009-2011 wezvezano rezvemari. Apo Volcker yaive Ichitora Sachigaro, iye akashinga kusimudza mari yakadyidzana nehuwandu kune hutano husinganzwisisiki yekushaya nzara yepamusoro-nhamba yemadhora . Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichibatsira kukonzera 1980-1981 kutsika kwenyika , yakabudirira.