Unfunded Mandates, Mienzaniso, uye Zvinoda UMRA

Nzira Iyo Inofanirwa Kushandisa Hurumende Yenyu Kubhadhara Chinhu Chausingadi

Dare risina kubhadharwa ndeye apo imwe chigamba chemitemo yehurumende inoda imwe sangano kuita mabasa ayo asina mari. Congress inowanzoita izvi kutaura, hurumende dzemunharaunda kana dzinza. Mirairo isina kubhadharwa inogonawo kukanganisa vanhu vari voga uye masangano. Hurumende yezvematongerwo enyika inogadzirawo simba risina kubhadharwa kana inoderedza kukwanisa kwesangano kubhadhara mvumo iripo.

Inogona kuderedza mari yakaiswa purogiramu yacho, inoshandura zvinodikanwa pakugamuchira mari kana kupindira kukwanisa kwehurumende kukwidza mari kuburikidza nemitero.

Vaya vanobvumirwa nemitemo isina kubhadharwa vanoti havakarurama. Congress haifaniri kusika mitemo kune dzimwe miviri pasina kupa mari. Vamwe vatungamiriri vemunharaunda vanopikisa kuti mari zhinji yehurumende kana yeguta inoumbwa nemabasa akagadzirirwa kuzadzisa mitemo yehurumende. Vanova simba rekushandisa sangano rehurumende. Iyo inoderedza kukwanisa kwehurumende nematunhu emunharaunda kukura, kubhadhara nekugadzirisa zvirongwa maererano nezvido zvavo.

Mienzaniso

Congress yakagadza gwaro risina kubhadharwa neInternet Tax Nondiscrimination Act ya2004. Yakarambidza nyika kubva kuunganidza mitero yekutengesa pane zvekutengesa kwetengesi. Kurambidza zvinyorwa kubva kubhadhara internet nekutengesa. Izvo zvinodhura zvinodarika $ 80 mamiriyoni uye $ 120 mamiriyoni mumari yegore negore.

Apo Congress inowedzera mamiriyoni emari muUnited States , inogadzira mvumo isina kubhadhara pamabhizimisi. Vanofanira kutevedzera mutemo kuburikidza nekubhadhara mari yakakwirira kubva mumapato avo. Ikokuwedzera kwegore rekubhadhara mubhadharo ka1996 inodhura $ 4 mamiriyoni ehurumende pamusana pevhareji

Imwe gwaro risina kubhadharwa iri kuderedza mari yehurumende yekugadzira Food Stamps kana zvimwe zvirongwa zvehupfumi .

Kuderedzwa kwegore ra1998 muzvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvekudya zvakawedzera $ 5 mamiriyoni kuti ataure majejeti emari.

Heano mimwe mitatu mienzaniso yezvirevo zvisiri pamutemo:

1. Kubvisa federal inofanana nehurumende yehurumende yekupa vana kutsigira kwekusimudzira.
2. Inoda kuti vanhu vanofambisa vanhu vanovandudza zvigadziro zvekuchengetedza, mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa, uye chekuongorora chemashure.
3. Inoda kuti vatengesi vezvitima vaise magetsi ekugadzirisa teknolojia.

Mamwe mienzaniso yakakurumbira inotsanangurwa haisi yakajeka-yakatemwa. Nyika, mahara, uye maguta anofanira kutonga sarudzo dzenyika. Kune rumwe rutivi, vazhinji vavo vane chisarudzo chavo panguva imwe chete. Iko mari yakawedzerwa isingakoshi.

Mumwe muenzaniso wakakwikwidzana ndeweNo Child Left Behind Act. Matare ehurumende uye chikoro vanopikisa kuti vane mari zhinji dzisingabhadharwi nehurumende yekubhadhara mari. Asi vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika vakatonga kuti nyika dzingasarudza kubva purogiramu. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvizviite, kwete mutemo.

Unfunded Mandate Reform Act

Congress yakateerera zvikwangwani. Musi waMarch 15, 1995, yakapfuura yeUnited Mandates Reform Act. Mutemo unoda Congressal Budget Office kuti ione uye inofungidzira mari yezvisarudzo zvisingawanikwi. Icho chinosanganisira zvikwereti zvakarongwa neCongress nemitemo yakagadzwa nehurumende dzehurumende.

IC CBO inofanira kuongorora zvinyorwa zvose zvinotora nyika, gweta kana hurumende dzenharaunda kudarika $ 50 mamiriyoni. Chibvumirano chezvikwereti zvine chokuita nehurumende yega yega aiva $ 100 mamiriyoni. Zvikumbaridzo zvinogadziridzwa gore negore kuitira kutengesa. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti chivako cha2016 chaive $ 77 mamiriyoni ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende uye $ 154 mamiriyoni emitemo yega yega.

Chero H ouse uye Senate makomiti anotaura zvikwereti zvakadaro anofanira kuratidza kuti mari ichauya kupi. Kana vasina kudaro, zvino mutero wacho uchabviswa kunze kwekuti vhoti yevakawanda ichichengetedza ichiri mupenyu.

Chimwe cheKurusi, CBO inodonha mushumo wayo wegore negore weUmura. Muna 2016, CBO yakagadzirisa zvikwereti 214. Paiva nemitemo 17 yaiva nemitemo 35 yehurumende. Pakati pavo, zvitatu bedzi zvakapfuura chikamu cheMURA. Paiva nemabasa makumi maviri nemaviri aiva nemitemo makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emitemo inobata mabasa ehurumende.

Mumwe wavo akapfuura simba reMRA.

UMRA inoratidzika iri kushanda nokuti chikamu chemishonga isina kubhadharwa iri kupera. Mumakore gumi kubva muna 2006 kusvika 2015, Congress yakapa mitemo 1,858. Pakati pavo, 128 vaiva nemishonga isina kubhadharwa iyo yakapfuura chikamu cheMURA. Icho chiyero che7%. Muna 2016, paive nemabasa 214. Zvine zvange zvisingagoni kubhadharwa zvisiri izvo zvakapfuura chikamu. Mutengo wacho waingova 2 muzana chete. (Kubva, "Kudzokorora mabasa eCBCO Pasi peUniteded Mandate Reform Act," Congressional Budget Office, March 27, 2017.)