Chikonzero nei Ichi ndicho chakakosha zvikuru
Iko-makore gumi nemakumi mashanu ehurumende yehurumende yemari yehupfumi ndiyo chibereko kana chiyero chekudzoka, unowana kuwana mari mune iyi chinyorwa. Chibereko chacho chinokosha nokuti ndicho chinotarisa chinotungamirira mamwe madhora . Icho chikuru chinoshandiswa kugadziriswa chiyero chezvikwereti , izvo zvinotevera zvakadyiwa mari inoshandiswa .
Asi kunyange iyo Federal Reserve inotarisa mutengo wemakore gumi wezvivigiro zveMariki isati yaita chisarudzo chekuchinja mari yakadyiwa mari . Izvozvo ndezvokuti yemakore gumi yemari yeChinyorwa cheMari, semamwe ose eWidurys, inotengeswa panotengeswa. Nokudaro, zvibereko zvinoratidza kuvimba kwekuti vatengesi vane hupfumi hwekuwedzera .
Zita regumi-gumi reMari
Dhipatimendi reMari yeAmerica yeUnited States inotenga chikamu chemakore gumi cheMari. Nyaya iyi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa chikwereti munyika. Ndiyo nokuti inotsigirwa nechirongwa chehupfumi hweUnited States. Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe chikwereti cheimwe nyika , pane ngozi shoma yekukwereta chikwereti cheUnited States .
Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyange zvazvo chikwereti chekuAmerica chazvino chiri kupfuura 100 muzana chikwereti kuGDP ratio . Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti zvingatora huwandu hwose hwehupfumi hweAmerica gore rokubhadhara chikwereti chacho. Vashandi vanowanzotya kuti nyika inokwanisa kubhadhara kana chiyero ichi chinopfuura 77 muzana.
Ndicho chikonzero chekusimudza, maererano neWorld Bank. Haisi dambudziko kana rinongogara kwegore kana maviri asi rinogona kuderedza kukura kana richigara kwemakumi emakore.
Sezvo United States inogona kudhindisa mamwe madhora akawanda, pane pasina chikonzero iyo inotofanira kutadza. Nzira chete iyo ingangodaro kana Congress isina kukwereta chikwereti chacho .
Izvozvo zvingarambidza mari yeUnited States kubva kubuditsa zvinyorwa zvitsva zveHoorwood.
Nzira yeiyo Treasury Rates Inoshanda
Nhamba yakaderera pamakore gumi egore reMari yeHurumende inoreva kuti kune zvakawanda zvazvinoda zvayo. Izvozvo zvinoratidzika sezvisinganzwisisi. Ko vanhu havangada here chinyorwa chakakwirira? Asi Treasurys inotengeswa kushandiswa neChipatimendi cheMari, iyo inogadzirisa hutano hwakatarisa uye huwandu hwekuda. Zviri nyore kuvhiringidza zvakagadziriswa chidimbu chechibereko pamwe nekukohwa paHaimari. Zvinotova nyore nokuti vanhu vakawanda vanotaura nezvekukohwa seMari yeHurumende. Apo vanhu vanoti "mari yemakore gumi yemari," haireve kuti chikwata chinokwaniswa chibhadharo chakabhadharwa muhupenyu hwehuwandu. Zvinoreva chibereko.
Zvivigiro zvepfuma zvinotengeswa kumunhu anotenga zvakanyanya pane imwe yekutanga auction kana pamusika wechipiri. Kana pane zvakawanda zvinoda, vashandi vanobhadhara pane kana pamusoro pekukosha kwemaziso. Muchiitiko ichocho, zvibereko zvakaderera nekuti vachawana kudzoka kwakaderera pamari yavo. Zvakakosha kwavari, zvakadaro, nokuti vanoziva kuti kushambadzira kwavo kwakachengeteka. Vanoda kugamuchira chibereko chakaderera mukudzoka kwehuwandu hwemungozi. Ndicho chikonzero iwe uchaona Pfuma yeHurumende inowira panguva yekuderera kwematambudziko ebhizimisi . Ndizvo zvaunoda kuona nokuti zvichaita kuti mabhidha ekubhadhare mabhengi, uye mamwe ose anofarira mari, pasi.
Inopa huwandu huwandu hwakanaka apo hupfumi huchida.
Apo pane mune misika yemombe kana hupfumi huri mugaba ekuwedzera kwebhizimisi rebhizimisi, pane zvakawanda zvezvikwereti. Vashandi vari kutarisira zvimwe kudzoka kudarika mari yemakore gumi. Saka, hapana zvakawanda zvekutsvaga. Bidders vanongoda kubhadhara zvishoma kudarika zviso. Muchiitiko ichocho, zvibereko zvakakwirira. Pfuma inotengeswa patsika, saka pane kudzoka kukuru pane inotengeswa. Muchidimbu, mari yeHarare inogara ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo yakatarisana neHondory bond bond.
Pfuma inobereka kuchinja zuva nezuva. Ndizvo zvavanenge vadzorerwa pamusika wechipiri. Hazvina munhu anozvichengeta kwenguva yakazara. Kana bhizinesi dzezvitengo dzichidonha, zvinoreva saizvozvo kune chido cheHaidurys. Izvo zvinotungamirira zvinokura sezvo vashandi vanoda mari yakawanda yekudzoka kwemajeri avo.
Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe
Sezvakagadzirwa pamakore gumi emari yePasimari nyaya inowedzera, saizvozvowo zviyero zvezvikwereti pamakore gumi nemashanu kubva kune zvikwereti, zvakadai semakore gumi nemashanu ekugadzirisa zvikwereti . Izvi ndezvokuti vatengesi vanotenga zvikwereti vari kutsvaga mutengo wakanakisisa neanocheka kudzoka. Kana chiyero chiri pasi peChinyorwa cheMari inodonha, zvino mari inowanikwa kune dzimwe, mari shoma shoma inogonawo kuwira nekuramba ichikwikwidza.
Asi zvikwereti nezvimwe zvikwereti zvinokwereta zvichagara zvakapfuura Treasurys. Vanofanira kubhadhara vatengesi nokuda kwengozi yavo yepamusoro yekusava. Kunyangwe apo Gumi reMari yeGumi rinobereka s rakawira ku zero, kutora chikwereti chekuda mari kwaizova nhamba shomanana. Vatengesi vanofanira kuvhara kushandiswa kwemari.
Izvi zvinokubatsira sei? Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakadhura kutenga imba. Iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara bhangi shoma shoma kubhadhara mari yakafanana. Sezvo imba inotenga inodhura, mari inoda kuwedzera. Sezvo misika yemuimba inowedzera, inobatsira zvikuru mune zvehupfumi. Inowedzera kuwedzera kweGDP , iyo inoita mabasa akawanda.
Recent Trends and Record Lows
Kazhinji, iyo yakareba nguva yakagadzirwa nemugovera wePfuma, inowedzera chibereko. Vashandi vanoda mari yekudzoka yakakwirira yekuchengeta mari yavo yakasungirirwa kwenguva refu. Izvozvo zvinonzi chibereko chekuvhara .
Musi waJune 1, 2012, mutengo weMari weGumi wegumi wakawira pakadzika kwayo kubva pakutanga kwema1800. Iyo yakarova pasi remazuva-1,442 muzana. Vashandi vanozvidya mwoyo pamusoro pekukwereta kwekodzero ye euroz uye nemabasa mashoma anorondedzera . Musi waJuly 25, 2012, yakavharwa pa 1.43, nzvimbo yakaderera mumakore 200.
Musi waJuly 1, 2016, yakarova iyo nhoroondo. Zvibereko zvakagadzikana mukati mezuva remazuva matatu ne385 muzana. Musi waJuly 13, yakavhara pa 1.32 muzana, ichiisa pasi shoma. Vashandi vaishushikana nezvevhoti huru yeBritain yekubva kuEuropean Union .
Chibereko chacho chakawedzera muna 2017. Kutanga, kukunda kwaDonald Trump mumusarudzo wegore ra2016 kwakatumira ku 2.60 muzana. Kubvira panguva iyoyo yakawa zvishoma, kusvika ku248 kubva paDecember 21, 2017.
Iro Remakore 10 YeCherechedzo uye Treasury Yikuridza Curve
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti pfuma iri mune bhizimisi rezvebhizimisi nekutsvaga muHurumende yezvibereko zvekurima . Muchikamu chekuenzanisa kwezvibereko pane zvose kubva pamwedzi umwe weHaimari yehurumende kusvika kumakore makumi matatu emakore ehurumende yeHurumende. Nyaya yemakore gumi inenge iri pakati, saka inopa chiratidzo chekuti vashandi vanodzoka zvakadini vanofanira kusunga mari yavo kwemakore gumi. Kana vachifunga kuti hupfumi huchaita zviri nani mumakore gumi anotevera, ivo vachatsvaga kukohwa kwakanyanya kuti kuchengetedza mari yavo yakasungirirwa kure. Kana pane zvakawanda zvekusatenda, havadi kudzoka kwakanyanya kuti kuchengetedza mari yavo yakachengeteka.
Kazhinji, vatengesi havakwanisi kudzoka kuzotsigira mari yavo vakasungirirwa kwenguva pfupi chete, uye vanoda zvimwe zvakawanda kuti zvichengetedzwe kwenguva yakareba. Somuenzaniso, musi waDecember 21, 2017, muchero wekurima waiva:
- 1.35 muzana pamwedzi mitatu,
- 1.73 muzana mune rimwe remakore reMari,
- 2.48 kubva muzana remakore gumi nemakore,
- 2.84 muzana pamakore makumi matatu emakore.
Izvozvo zvinowanzogadzirwa zvipfeko kunyange zvazvo zvishoma zvishoma. Vatengesi vaida 1.49 kubva muzana inongowedzera zvimwe kuchengetedza mari yavo yakasungirirwa kwemakore makumi matatu zvichienderana nemwedzi mitatu. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vanofunga kuti hupfumi huchakura mune ramangwana kupfuura huri kukura iye zvino.
Kune rumwe rutivi, apo varairidzi vanoda kuti zvimwe vadzoke munguva shomanana kupfuura munguva refu, iyo inozivikanwa seyo inverted yield yield . Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti vanofunga kuti hupfumi hunotungamirirwa nehupfumi . (Chinobva: "Zuva reMariyo yeZvigiro Ita Zuva Rokukwirira," US Department of Treasury.)