Chikonzero nei pfuma inobatsira kuwira apo kudiwa kunowedzera
Maitiro Avanoita
Pfuma yemari inobereka inogadziriswa kuburikidza nekupa uye kudiwa.
Zvisungo izvi, pakutanga, zvakatengeswa kushambadziro neDhipatimendi reMari. Inogadzirisa chiso chakakosha uye chidimbu chechibereko. Kana pane zvakawanda zvinoda kubhadhara, husungo huchaenda kuna iye akakwira kune imwe yepamusoro pamutengo uri pamusoro pekukosha kwemaziso . Izvi zvinoderedza chibereko. Hurumende ichabhadhara chete kukosha kwemaziso pamwe chete nehuwandu hwekufarira. Kuda kunomuka apo kune dambudziko rezvemari. Ichi ndechokuti vatengesi vanofunga nezveUnited States Treasurys kuti ive nzira yakachengeteka yekutsvaga mari. Kana pane zvishoma zvichitsvaga, vatengi vanobhadhara zvishoma kudarika chiso chakanaka. Iyo inowedzera chibereko.
Kugovera mitengo inoshanduka zuva roga roga nokuti anenge anenge aripo anozvichengetedza kwenguva yakazara. Pane kudaro, ivo vanowanirwa pamusika wakashama. Nokudaro, kana iwe uchinzwa kuti yekutengeswa kwezvibvumirano zvakaderera, iwe unoziva kuti hapana zvakawanda zvekuda kwezvisungo. Kukohwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa kubhadhara zvido zvishoma.
Maitiro Awo Anogadzirisa Kuwanda Kwemari
Sezvo Pfuma inobereka inokura, ndizvo zvakaitawo chibereko chemari yevatengi uye yezvikwereti zvebhizimisi dzine urefu hwakafanana.
Vashandi vanoita sekuchengeteka uye kudzoka kwezvisungo zvezvisungo. Treasurys ndiyo yakachengetedzeka kubva kune iyo yakavimbiswa nehurumende yeUnited States. Zvimwe zvisungo zvinotyisa uye saka zvinofanira kudzorera zvibereko zvepamusoro kuitira kukwezva vatengesi. Kuti urambe uchikwikwidzana, zvikwereti zvezvikwereti pane zvimwe zvikwereti uye zvikwereti zvinowedzera sezvo zvibereko zvinomuka.
Kana chibereko chichikwira pamusika wechipiri, hurumende inofanira kubhadhara chikwata chapamusoro chekukwereta kutengesa vatengi mumashamba endangwana. Nokufamba kwenguva, mazinga aya akakwirira anowedzera kudiwa kweHaidurys. Ndizvo zvakakosha zvibereko zvinogona kuwedzera kukosha kwedhora .
Maitiro Aunoita Iwe
Nzira yakanyatsotarisa iyo Mari yeHurumende inobereka inokubatsira iwe unhu hwavo pane zvakagadziriswa zvekutengesa mari . Sezvo zvibereko zvinomuka, mabhangi nevamwe vanokweretesa vanoziva kuti vanogona kutengesa mari yakawanda yezvikwereti zvehutano hwakafanana. Imakore gumi yemari yezvivigiro inobereka inobata zvigore gumi nemashanu zvekutengesa, asi mutengo wemakore makumi matatu unobata makore makumi matatu emakore ekugadzirisa mari. Nhamba yepamusoro inotora dzimba dzinoita kuti dzimba dzirege kudhura, zvichidaro zvinoderedza misika yemumba. Zvinoreva kuti unofanira kutenga musha muduku, usina kudhura. Izvozvo zvinogona kunonoka Dzimba Dzimba Dzakakura kukura .
Waiziva here kuti iwe unogona kushandisa zvibereko kufanotaura remangwana? Zvinokwanisika kana iwe uchiziva pamusoro pezvibereko zvekurima . Kazhinji, iyo yakareba nguva yakawanda paMari, iyo inowedzera chibereko. Vashandi vanoda mari yakakwirira yekuchengeta mari yavo yakasungwa kwenguva yakareba. Iyo yakakwirira yezvibereko zvemakore gumi-gumi kana makore makumi matatu emasangano, vatengesi vanofunga nezvehupfumi. Ichi ndicho chimiro chekugadzirwa kwemazuva ose.
Kana zvibereko zvenguva refu zvisungo zvakaderera kana zvichienzaniswa nemashoko mashomanana, zvino vatengesi havana chokwadi nezvehupfumi. Vaizove vachida kusiya mari yavo vakasungirirwa kuitira kuti igare yakachengeteka. Kana nguva yakareba inobereka ichiderera pasi pezvibereko zvenguva pfupi, iwe unenge uchinjwa chibereko chekuvhara . Inowanzofanotaura nezvekuderera kwematambudziko.
Semuenzaniso, heino mugove wekukohwa waDecember 31, 2014:
| Nguva Yokukura | Ipai |
|---|---|
| Mwedzi 3 mwedzi | 0.04 |
| Mushumo wemakore 1 | 0.25 |
| Makore gumi | 2.17 |
| 30-year bond | 2.75 |
Ichi ndicho chikwata chepamusoro chekukohwa mazai. Zvinoratidza kuti vatengesi vanoda kudzoka kwepamusoro kwehutano hwemakore makumi matatu pane huwandu hwemwedzi mitatu. Vatengesi vanovimba nezvehupfumi. Vangada kusunga mari yavo kwemakore 10 kana makumi matatu. (Imwe: US Treasury, Daily Treasury Zvibereko zveKurveti)
Muchero wezvibereko wakazara muna 2016. Musi waJuly 1, 2016, waive:
| Nguva Yokukura | Ipai |
|---|---|
| Mwedzi 3 mwedzi | 0.28 |
| Mushumo wemakore 1 | 0.45 |
| Makore gumi | 1.46 |
| 30-year bond | 2.24 |
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vatengesi vakanga vasati vava netariro pamusoro pekureba kwenguva refu. Vaida chibereko chepasi kuti vasunge mari yavo kwenguva refu.
Outlook
Matengo akatanga kuwedzera muna 2017 uye acharamba achidaro muna 2018. Fed yakatanga kusimudza mari yakadyidzana mari inotanga muna December 2015. Sezvo vashandi vanogamuchira mari yakawanda yezvikwereti zvenguva pfupi, vachazotarisira kudzoka zviri nani kwenguva refu . Nokuda kwezvimwe, onai Rini Nhauriro Inofanirwa Kuenda Inokura?
Mukati-nguva, pane zvinetso zvinoramba zvichiripo kuti uchengetedze zvibereko zvakanyanya. Kushaya chokwadi kwezvematongerwo enyika muEuropean Union inodzivirira varimi vanozvitenga zvigaro zvakachengeteka US Treasurys. Vashandi vezvekune imwe nyika, China , Japan uye nyika inogadzira mafuta, kunyanya vanoda mari kuti varambe vachiita mari. Nzira yakanakisisa yekuunganidza mari ndeyokutenga zvigadzirwa zvemari. Kuzivikanwa kweAmerica Treasurys kwakachengetedza zvikamu zvinodarika 6 muzana kwemakore manomwe apfuura. Nokuwedzera, tarisa Nzira Dhatu dzekuyera kukosha kweDorlar .
Mune nguva refu, zvinhu zvina zvichaita kuti Pfuma yemari yakasvibiswa isanyanya kudarika mumakore makumi maviri anotevera.
- Iko chikwereti chikuru cheUnited States chinoshungurudza vatengesi vepanyika, vanofunga kuti US vachazovadzorera. Ndicho chinonyanya kukosha kuChina, iyo yakakura kune imwe nyika mutengi weUnited States Treasurys. China inowanzotyisidzira kutenga zvishoma pasi peHuidurys , kunyange pamutengo wepamusoro. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinogona kuratidza kurasikirwa kwekuvimba mune simba rehupfumi hweUnited States. Izvo zvinoderedza huwandu hwebhora pamagumo.
- Imwe nzira iyo US inokwanisa kuderedza chikwereti chayo ndeyokutendera kukosha kwedhora kunoderera. Apo hurumende dzekunze dzinoda kubhadhara kubhadhara kwechiso chepamusoro chezvisungo, zvichange zvakakosha zvishoma mumari yavo pachavo kana kukosha kwedhora kuri kwakaderera.
- Zvimwe zvakakonzera China, Japan uye nyika inogadzira mafuta kunotenga zvigaro zveHurumende zviri kuchinja. Sezvo hupfumi hwavo huchiwedzera simba, vari kushandisa ikozvino mahomwe ezvakawanda kuti vashandise mune zvekugadzirwa kwenyika yavo. Havasi sekuvimba nehupfumi hweUnited States Treasurys uye vari kutanga kusiyanisa kure.
- Chikamu chekukwezva kweUnited States Treasurys ndechekuti ivo vanoparidzirwa mune madhora, iyo inowanikwa pasi rose . Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zveoli zvinowanikwa mune madhora. Kuwanda kwekutengeserana kwemari kwenyika yose kunoitwa mumahora. Sezvimwewo mari, seyuro , inove yakakurumbira, zvishoma zvinotengeswa zvichaitwa nedhora. Izvi zvichaguma zvichideredza kukosha kwayo uye iyo yeUnited States Treasurys.
The Taper Tantrum
Muna 2013, zvibereko zvakasimuka 75 muzana pakati paMay naAugust chete. Vashandi vanotengesa Treasurys apo Federal Reserve yakashuma kuti inogona kuwedzera mutemo wayo wekugadzirisa zvishoma . Muna December gore iroro, yakatanga kuderedza $ 85 mabhiriyoni pamwedzi kutenga kweHadurys uye kuchengetwa kwemari . Nzvimbo yakaderedzwa zvakare sezvo hupfumi hwepasi pose hwakagadziridzwa.
Iyo Ikurima Ita Lines 200 yemakore muna 2012
Musi waJune 1, 2012, mutengo wemakore gumi wekukohwa mazai akabatwa kwemazuva mashoma kubva pa1 442 muzana, yakaderera kubva kumavambo ekuma1800. Yakavhara zvishoma zvishoma, pa1,47 muzana. Yakakonzerwa nekuenda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka sezvo vatengesi vakatamisa mari yavo kunze kweEurope uye pamusika. (Chinobva: "Dambudziko reMabasa Rakashandurwa Knock US Inopa Zvikamu Zvishoma," Reuters, June 1, 2012.)
Kubudirira kwakawira mberi, kusvika kune imwe nhoroondo yakaderera musi waJuly 25. Zvibereko pamakore gumi-makore akavhara pa 1.43 muzana. Kubudirira kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi kwehupfumi. Vashandi vanobvuma kubhadhara zvishoma izvi kuitira kuti mari yavo igare yakachengeteka. Vakanga vaine hanya nezvekukweretwa kwekodzero yeEurozone , nzvimbo yezvemari uye mhedziso yemusarudzo yePurezidenti ya2012. (Chinobva: "Zuva reMariyo yeZvigiro Ita Zuva Rokukwirira," US Department of Treasury.)
Nhepfenyuro Inobatsira Kufanotaura Gore reMari Crisis ra2008
MunaJanuary 2006, zvibereko zvekukohwa zvakatanga kupera. Zvaireva kuti vatengesi havakwanisi kukohwa zvakakwirira kwenguva refu. Musi waJanuary 3, 2006, chibereko pamushumo wegore rimwe chete chaive chikamu che4,38 muzana, chakanyanya kudarika chibage che 4.37 muzana pamakore gumi. Ichi ndicho chaityisidzirwa chakavharirwa chibereko chekuvhara. Izvo zvakagara zvichiti gore re 2008 recession . MunaEpril 2000, kushandiswa kwezvibereko zvekubudirira kwakafanotaurirawo kutengesa kwenyika muna 2001. Apo varairidzi vanotenda kuti hupfumi huri kupera, vangada kuchengetedza chinyorwa chemakore gumi kupfuura kutenga uye kutengesa shomanana gore rimwe remashoko, izvo zvinogona kuita zvakanyanya gore rakatevera apo tsamba yacho inofanira kuitika.
Vazhinji vanhu havana hanya nekusvibiswa kwezvibereko zvekukohwa nokuti zvibereko pane zvenguva refu zvinyorwa zvaive zvichiri pasi. Yakanga iri pasi pe5 muzana. Izvi zvaireva kuti mvumo yekubhadhara chikwereti yakanga ichiri pasi pechechi uye ichiratidza kuwanda kwehuwandu hwehupfumi muhupfumi kubhadhara dzimba, utsva uye mabhizimisi matsva. Nguva pfupi pfupi yakawanda yaive yakakwirira, zvichienderana neHeral Reserve Reserve . Izvi zvakakonzera kugadzirisa kushandiswa kwezvikwereti zvekare mari . Nenguva yakareba Pfuma yeHurumende yakabhadharwa yakagadzika inenge inenge 4,5 muzana, kuchengetedza zvakashata-kutora chikwereti chekubhadhara mutengo wakagadzikana paanenge anenge 6,5 muzana