Pakati idzi, dhora reU.S. ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa. Inoita 64 muzana yevose vanozivikanwa pakati pebhengi kune dzimwe nyika . Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive mari yepamusoro yenyika yose, kunyange zvazvo isina kubata musoro wepamutemo wenyika yose.
Zvechokwadi, nyika ine 185 masirivha maererano neInternational Standards Organization List. Yakawanda yemari iyi inoshandiswa chete mukati mawo nyika dzavo. Chero chimwe chezvaizvo chingave chichinyorwa chichishandura dhora semari yenyika. Asi zvichida havazoiti nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Imwe inotevera yakachengeterwa mari ye euro ndiyo euro. Asi 19,9 muzana chete yemamwe mabhizimusi emari ekune imwe nyika mabhizimusi emari yakachengetwa akanga ari muurosi seyedzipiri yechikamu 2017. Mukana wekuti euro ive mari yenyika inowedzera sezvo dambudziko reEurozone rinopera. Asi dambudziko racho rinotsanangura matambudziko ekuumba mari yenyika.
Iko US Dollar Ndiyo Yakasimba Kwazvo Nyika Mari
Izvo simba rehuwandu hwehupfumi hweUnited States hunotsigira kukosha kwerudzi rwayo. Ndicho chikonzero dhora iri mari yakasimba kwazvo . Munenge mabhiriyoni 580 mabhiriyoni mubhadharo yeUnited States anoshandiswa kunze kwenyika. Ndiyo 65 muzana yemadhora ose. Izvo zvinosanganisira 75 muzana yemadhora zana 100, 55 muzana yemadhora makumi mashanu nemadhora uye 60 muzana yemadhora makumi maviri.
Zvizhinji zvezvikwereti zviri munyika yekare yeSoviet Union uye muLatin America.
Cash inongova chiratidzo chimwechete chebato redhora se mari yenyika. Zvinodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika inogadzirwa zvakabva kune dzimwe nyika inokonzera mari yavo kudhora. Izvo zvinosanganisira nyika zvinomwe dzakagamuchira dhora.
Mumwewo 89 anochengeta mari yavo mune imwe nzvimbo yekutengeserana yakaoma maererano nedhora.
Mune misika yemari yekuchinja mari , dollar inotonga. Inopfuura 85 muzana ye forex yekutengesa inosanganisira dhora reAmerica. Uyezve, 39 muzana yekodzero yenyika inobudiswa mumadhora. Somugumisiro, mabhanga ekunze anoda mari yakawanda yekuita bhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, munguva yematambudziko ehupfumi e2008 , mabhandi asiri eUnited States aive ne $ 27 trillion mumadhora emarudzi akabatanidzwa mune dzimwe nyika mari. Kubva ipapo, $ 18 trillion yaiva muUS $ . Sangano reUnited States reUnited States rakawedzera dhora rayo rakashandurwa kuti richengetedze mabhizimusi enyika kuti asabuda kunze kwemadhora.
Dambudziko rezvemari rakagadzira dhora rakanyanya kushandiswa. Muna 2017, mabhandi eJapan, Germany, France neUnited Kingdom vakawana zvikwereti zvakawanda zvakadhindwa mumadhora kudarika mune mari yavo. Bhengeri mitemo yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira imwe dambudziko iri kuita madhora zvishoma. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, iyo Federal Reserve iri kuwedzera iyo inodyidzwa mari inoshandiswa . Izvozvo zvinoderedza mari inowanikwa nokuita madhora mari inodhura kubhadhara.
Chimwe chinoratidza simba remurairi ndechokuti hurumende dzakagadzirira dziine dhora mune zvekunze kwenyika. Hurumende dzinowana mari kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
Vanowakagamuchirawo kubva kumabhizimisi edzimba uye vanofambi vanovadzikinura mari yemunharaunda.
Mukuwedzera, dzimwe hurumende dzinoisa mari yavo mune dzimwe nyika mari. Vamwe, vakadai seChina neJapan, vanozvipa nemaune mari yevanonyanya kutengeserana navo. Vanoedza kuchengeta mari yavo mari shoma pakufananidza kuitira kuti kunze kwavo kunokwikwidzana mutengo.
Chikonzero nei Dhora Ndiyo Global Currency
Bvumo yeBretton Woods ye1944 yakatevedza dhora iri panzvimbo yayo. Kare zvisati zvaitika, nyika dzakawanda dzakanga dziri patafura yegoridhe . Hurumende dzavo dzakavimbisa kudzikinura mari yavo nekuda kwekukosha kwegoridhe pazvinoda. Nyika dzakabudirira yenyika dzakasangana paBretton Woods, New Hampshire, kukonzera kutengesa kwehuwandu hwemari yose kumadhora eAmerica. Panguva iyoyo, United States yakachengetedza dzimba dzakawanda dzegoridhe.
Chibvumirano ichi chakaita kuti dzimwe nyika dzidzorere mari yavo nemari, pane goridhe.
Pakavamba kwema1970, nyika dzakatanga kutengesa goridhe kwemadhora avo. Vaifanira kurwisa kutengesa . Panzvimbo pokubvumira Fort Knox kuti iparadzwe pane zvose zvayo, Mutungamiri Nixon akaparadzanisa dhora kubva kune ndarama. Panguva iyoyo, dhora rakanga rave rava nyika yakawanda yekuchengetedza mari. Nokuwedzera , ona stagflation .
Kudana kweNyika Yekutanga Mari
Muna March 2009, China neRussia vaida mari itsva yenyika yose. Vanoda nyika kuti iumbe gadziriro yemari "iyo yakabviswa kubva kune dzimwe nyika uye inokwanisa kuramba yakasimba mumakore ekupedzisira, nokudaro kubvisa kukanganisa kwepanyika kunokonzerwa nekushandisa chikwereti-based based currency."
China yakanga iri kunetseka kuti zvuru zvitatu zvichitora madhora zvichange zvakakosha zvishoma kana dollar inopera inowanikwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika semugumisiro wekuwedzerwa kwekushaya mari kweUnited States nokudhinda US Treasurys kutsigira chikwereti cheU.S. China yakashevedza International Monetary Fund kuti ipe mari yekutsvaga dhora.
Mugore rechina ra2016, chiRhinbi renminbi yakava imwe yenyika inochengeterwa mari. Kubva muna Q3 2017, mabhizimusi epakati penyika aine $ 108 mabhiriyoni anokosha. Icho chiduku chiduku, asi chicharamba chichikura munguva yemberi. Ndiyokuti China inoda mari yayo kuti iwane zvizere kune dzimwe nyika dzenyika kushandiswa kwemari. Zvinoda yuan kuti adzorere dhora seyo mari yepasi rese . Kuita izvi, China iri kuchinja hupfumi hwayo .