A Dollar Inopera Isingaitiki, Nepo Kuparara Kusingafungidziki
Dhora reUnited States rinoderera apo kukosha kwechiroro kwakadzika kuenzaniswa nedzimwe mari mumusika wekuchinja kune imwe nyika . Icho chinoreva dhora reralar rinowira. Icho chinorevawo kuti euro kudhora inotendeuka yakakwirira nokuti ma euro anowedzera uye anogona kutenga mamwe madhora apo mari yeUnited States inowedzera. Inogonawo kutyisidzira yen iyo kutengesa kutengesa nokuti simba rakanyanya kudhora rinowanzoreva yen yakasimba.
Kurasika kwechirwere kunogonawo kureva kuwira mukukosha kweUSU Treasurys .
Izvi zvinotungamirira kumusoro kweHarare zvinowedzera uye naizvozvo, chido chekuda. Nhepfenyuro yemari yakawanda ndiyo inonyanya kufambisa mutengo wemari .
Zvinogona kureva kuti mabhizimusi epakati pekunze nehurumende yehupfumi mari inobata zvishoma madhora zvakare. Izvi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwemadhora.
Migumisiro
Dhotera yakaderera inotenga zvishomanana mune zvekune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinowedzera mutengo wekutengeswa kwezvinhu , zvichiita kuti kuwedzera kwezvinhu . Sezvo dhora richikundikana, vatengesi vari mucherechedzo wemakore gumi nemadhora uye mamwe mabhishopu vanotengesa dhora ravo-rakanyoreswa. Mafuta nezvimwe zvibvumirano zvekune dzimwe nyika zvakarongedzerwa mumadhora. Imwe dhora risina simba ichaendesa kuwedzera matengo avo nokuti nyika dzinotumira kunze dzinoda kuchengetedza purogiramu yemiganhu. Kukosha kwedhora ndeimwe yezvinhu zvitatu zvinosarudza mitengo yemafuta .
Panyaya yepamusoro, kuderedza dollar kunobatsira US kutengesa kunze . Zvinhu zvavo zvichaita sezvisingabhadhari kune vatorwa. Izvi zvinowedzera hupfumi hweUnited States, hunoita kuti vatengesi vepasi vese vave nezvikwata zveUS.
Asi, kana vatengesi vakakwana vanosiya dhora kune mamwe mari, zvinogona kukonzera kudhora kwemadhora .
Zvinokonzera
Musi waJuly 1, 2014, Mutemo Wekuteeresa Mutemo Wechipatimendi Chekune dzimwe nyika unoda mabhengi ekune dzimwe nyika uye mamwe masangano emari kuti azivise ruzivo pamusoro pemari uye mari yakachengetwa nevatengi veUnited States. Chinangwa chayo ndechokudzinga vapfumi vekuAmerica vari vapfumi vanovanza mari kune dzimwe nyika nechinangwa.
Inodawo kumisa mabhenji ekune imwe nyika kubva kushandiswa kwemitero semutsara unobatsira webhizimisi. Vazhinji vaiva nekunetseka mabhengi ekunze vachabvisa vatengi veUnited States, kuti varege kuteererwa, nokudaro vachivadzinga kure nedhora-denominated assets.
Musi waOctober 16, 2013, China yakabvumira vashandi veBritish kuti vadururire $ 13.1 mabhiriyoni mumasimba ayo akachengeterwa masimba makuru. Izvi zvakaita kuti London ndiyo yekutanga yekutengeserana ye yuan kunze kweAsia. Iyi ndiyo imwe nzira iyo China iri kuedza kukurudzira mabhizimusi makuru kuti awedzere kubata kwavo kweChinese yeChina. Icho chikuru chinogona kutyisidzira kukosha kwedhora. China inoda yuan kuti adzorere dhora sezvo nyika iri kuchengetedza mari .
Kubva panguva iyoyo, China yakashandura yuan kurwisana nedhora. Izvo zviri kuita izvi nokuti nyika yechitatu yeupfumi yepamusoro inonetseka kukura kwayo kwehupfumi kunonoka. Asi dambudziko iri China rinogona kusimbisa, kwete kuderedza simba, idhora nokuti Chinese chinodhaka bhangi inotenga madhora kuti igare yakasimba uye yuan isina simba. Somugumisiro, China ine simba guru pamadhora eU.S.
Chibereko pamakore gumi nemakumi matanhatu ehurumende yeChinyorwa cheChinyorwa cheChinyorwa cheHurumende chakakonzera nzvimbo yakaderera mumakore mazana maviri musi waJune 7, 2012. Yakaratidza simba reralar sezvakayerwa naHaidurys. Shanduro yeChina, yuan, yakasimuka kusvika pa6,4167 ichirwisana nedhora, rakakwirira makore gumi nemashanu, musi waAugust 10, 2011.
Yakaratidza kudarika kwema dollar kushaya simba semugumisiro wechikwereti chinowanikwa mumatambudziko .
Background
Dhora racho rakaderera 40 muzana pakati pe2002 na2008. Izvi zvaive chikamu pamusana pe $ 700 biliyoni reAmerica ikozvino kushaya mari panguva iyoyo. Inopfuura hafu yenguva yakasara yekodha inokweretwa kune dzimwe nyika kune dzimwe nyika uye mari yehuta .
Dhora racho rakasimbiswa munguva yekuderera , sezvo varimi vakatsvaka nzvimbo yakachengeteka pakuenzanisa nedzimwe mari. Muna March 2009, dhora racho rakatangazve kuderera kwayo nokuda kwechikwereti chazvino chemadhora makumi maviri nemadhora makumi maviri. Creditor nyika, seChina neJapan , inonetseka nehurumende yeUnited States haingatsigiri kukosha kwedhora . Kuregererei? Dhora risina simba rinoreva kuti kukanganisa hakukwanisi kutora hurumende yakawanda yekubhadhara. Vanhu vane chikwereti vari kuchinja mari yavo kune dzimwe mari nguva nenguva kuti vadzivise kurasikirwa kwavo.
Vakawanda vanotya izvi zvinogona kuitika mumhanho. Izvozvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukosha kwekutsvaga kwako kwekuAmerica nokukurumidza uye kutengesa kutengesa.
Nhanho Zvinomwe Zvichakudzivirira kubva Mukuderera KweDhora
Pane zvikwiriso zvinomwe zvaunogona kutora kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kune kutengesa kwezvinhu uye dhora rinoderera. Kutanga, wedzerai mari yako yekuwana kuburikidza nedzidzo nekudzidziswa. Kana iwe uchiwana zvakawanda gore rega rega, unogona kuisa mari inoderera.
Chechipiri, chengetai chikamu chenyaya yako yemari mumusika. Kunyange zvazvo kune ngozi, kudzoka kwakagadziriswa-kunowanzoitika kunowanzobuda kunze kwenyika. Chechitatu, kutenga Pfuma Inobatanidzwa Zvakachengetedzwa Zvakachengetedzwa uye Nyaya I Bonds kubva kuUnited States. Iyo ndiyo nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuzvidzivirira kubva pakuwedzera kwenyika .
Chechina, kutenga ma euro, yen kana mamwe mari ayo achawedzera muhuwandu kana dhora richirasikirwa nesimba rayo . Iwe unogona kuzvitenga zvakananga pabhangi kana kutenga shanduko-yekutengesa mari iyo inotevedzera maitiro avo.
Kana dhora richiwa nokukurumidza, richiita kuti hyperinflation, ipapo iwe unobatsirwe kubva muchitanhatu chechishanu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutenga ndarama , masimbi anokosha uye zvikamu mumakambani emigodhi emigodhi. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinokurudzira mashizha asingatengeswi emakambani ayo achakuvadzwa nedhora rinowira. Asi iyo haisi pfungwa yakanaka nokuti hauzive kuti makambani achakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Uyezve, iwe hauzive kuti kudhora kwacho kuchakurumidza sei. Kana iwe ukadaro, iwe unenge uchange uri nani kubva kutenga mari yekunze kwemari mikorate. Iwe unogona kushandisa mukana wega kuti uwedzere kuzvipa mubayiro wega ruzivo.
Kana dhora racho rakanyangarika, kuparadzwa kwoupfumi hwenyika kwakaoma kufungidzira. Hapana anoziva zvichazoitika, saka iwe unofanira kunge wakagadzirira kufamba pane imwe nguva. Kana iwe uine hanya nazvo, tora danho rechitanhatu. Chengetedza zvinhu zvako mvura , saka unogona kutenga uye kutengesa sezvinodiwa. Izvozvo zvinoreva zvishoma sezvinobvira muimba yeimba, iyo huru yegoridhe chaiyo, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma-ku-kutengesa. Iva nechokwadi chokuti une unyanzvi hunodiwa munzvimbo dzose, zvakadai sekubika, kurima, kana kugadzirisa. Wana pasipoti, kana iwe uchida kutamira kune imwe nyika.
Nhanho rechinomwe ndechekuti uve nechokwadi chekuti iwe une nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana . Kugadzirisa mararamiro ako ekugoverwa kana ichiita sekuti bhizinesi rezvebhizimisi richachinja. Iwe unogona kutaura kuti nekutevera hukuru hunotungamira hupfumi huri zviratidzo .
Chikonzero nei Dhora Ringazofa
Euro inogona kutora mari iyi seyemari yenyika yose. Pakati pe Q1 2008 uye Q2 2013 (mushumo mutsva), kukosha kwema euro inoshandiswa kunze kwehurumende kune dzimwe nyika inoda kusvika katatu, kubva pa $ 393 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 1.45 triliyoni. Panguva imwe chete, dhora rakabhadhara 36%, kubva pa $ 2.77 trillion kusvika $ 3.76 trillion. Dollar holdings ndeye 63% ye $ 6 trillion yemari inoyera yakaenzana, kubva pa 67% muna Q3 2008 .
Uku kuderera kunoreva kuti hurumende dzekune dzimwe nyika dziri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma mari yavo yekuchengetedza mari. (Kubva: IMF , COFER Table)
China ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mari mune madhora. Kubva munaDecember 2012, yakabata $ 1.2 triliyoni muUnited Treasury Securities. Iyo nguva nenguva inoratidza kuti ichaderedza kubata kwayo kana US isingaderedzeri chikwereti chacho. Heano muenzaniso - China May inoderedza chikwereti che US . Pane kudaro, kubata kwayo kunoramba kuchiwedzera. Kuti uwane zvinyorwa, ona Chii Chikwereti cheUnited States kuChina?
Japan ndiyo yechipiri inodhura mutengi, ane $ 1.2 trillion mu holdings. Inotenga Pfuma yekuchengetedza kukosha kwe yen yenyika , saka inogona kutengesa zvimwe zvishoma. Zvisinei, chikwereti chayo ikozvino inopfuura 200% yeGDP yayo.
Mafuta-anotumira nyika (uye maCaribbean banking centrals anowanzoshanda sezviri mberi) ane $ 512 mabhiriyoni. Kana vakasarudza kutengesa mafuta muurosi panzvimbo yemadhora, vangadai vasina zvishoma zvekuda kuchengetedza madhora kuti varambe vachikoshesa kukosha kwayo.
Semuenzaniso, Iran neVenezuela vese vakagadzirira maridho-kutengesa mabhizimusi akabatanidzwa muEuro pane mari.
Chikonzero nei Dollar Isingazofi
Vakawanda vanoti dhora haringagumbirwi nokuti
- Inotsigirwa neHurumende yeUnited States, ichiita kuti ive mari yakachengeteka yepabheti yenyika .
- Ndiko kushandiswa kwepasi rose kwekutsinhanisa, nekuda kwe (isu tichiri zvishoma) misika yepamari yemari .
- Mavimbiso makuru eiri mafuta achiri kutengwa mumadhora.
Vazhinji muCongress vanoda mari yacho kuderera nokuti vanotenda iyo ichabatsira hupfumi hweUnited States. Dhora risina simba rinoderedza mutengo wekutengeswa kweUnited States maererano nezvimwe zvekunze , zvichiita kuti michina yedu inakwikwidzana. Kutaura zvazviri, kuderera kweudhora kwakabatsira kuvandudza US Trade Deficit muna 2012.
Mhedzisiro
Kunyange zvazvo dhora rakaderera zvinoshamisa pamakore gumi apfuura, harina kugadzira kuwa. Haisi munharaunda yakanakisisa yenyika dzakawanda kubvumira izvi kuti zviitike sezvo zvingaderedza kukosha kwedhora ravo.
Pasinei nemugumisiro, gadzirira. Nyanzvi nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekudzivirira panjodzi ndeyeye-yakasiyana-siyana yekushambadzirwa kwepodfolio.
Bvunza wako wezvigadziri zvemari nezvekubatanidza mhiri kwemari mari. Izvi zvinoshandiswa mune mari dzedzimwe nyika dzinomuka apo dhora rinowira. Funga nezvehupfumi nemisika yakasimba yemumba. Uyewo, bvunza nezvezvinhu zvemari , zvakadai segoridhe , sirivha nemafuta , izvo zvinowedzera apo dollar inoderera. Nyaya yakarongwa musi waDecember 3, 2013