Zvikonzero Zvitanhatu Nei America iri Mudhomwe
Chetatu chetatu chikwereti chakaitwa nevanhu . Hurumende inokwereta izvi kune vatengi vezvikwereti zveUnited Treasury, manotsi, uye zvisungo . Icho chinosanganisira vanhu, makambani, uye hurumende dzenyika.
Chikamu chechitatu chinotora chikwereti chehurumende. Mari yeHaimari inokwereta izvi kumatare ayo akasiyana-siyana anoshanda neHurumende yeHurumende. Social Security uye mamwe mari yekutendesa ndivo vanowiri vese. Vave vachishanda zvakawandisa kwemakore. Hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa izvi zvakasara kubhadhara mamwe madhipatimendi. Izvi zvivimbiso zvichauya sezvo vana vanoita sevana vachabata basa pamakore makumi maviri anotevera. Kubva Social Social Security uye kuvimba mari ndevane dzimba huru, mhinduro yekuti ndiani ane chikwereti cheUnited States chinonyanya kuve: wega wega mari yekurega mari.
Chikwereti cheAmerica ndicho chikwereti chikuru pane zvose pasi rose kune imwe nyika. Inomhanya mutsipa uye mutsipa neyeEuropean Union , hutano hwezvematongerwo enyika enyika 28.
Chikwereti chikuru pane izvo America inobereka mugore rose. Iyi chikwereti chakakura-kusvika-chakakura chemakirini emitengo inoudza vatyairi kuti nyika inogona kuva nezvinetso kubhadhara zvikwereti.
Icho chiitiko chitsva uye chinotambudza kuUnited States. Muna 1988, chikwereti chakanga chiri hafu yeAmerica yemari inowanikwa.
Kubhadhara Kwakaitwa Chikwereti Chakaita Zvakakura Zvakadini
Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvinokosha zvekukura kwechikwereti chenyika. Chokutanga, chikwereti iko kuunganidza mari yezvemari . Purogiramu imwe neimwe itsva uye mutero unotambisa inowedzera chikwereti.
Izvi zvinoratidzirwa mumabhadharo emabhadharo nemutungamiri wenyika . Dambudziko guru rinouya kuMutungamiri Obama . Akawedzera kuAmerica Recovery uye Reinvestment Act inokurudzira purogiramu , iyo Obama inokwidza mitero , uye $ 800 mabhiriyoni pagore mumari yehondo . Aya maitiro akagadzirisa dambudziko remari ra2008 .
Kunyange zvazvo chikwereti chenyika pasi peB Obama chakakura zvikuru, dollar-akachenjera, yakanga isiri iyo yakanyanya kuwedzera muzana. Kukudzwa ikoko kunouya kuna Franklin D. Roosevelt . Akangowedzera $ 236 mabhiriyoni, asi yakanga iri kuwedzera mazana 1,048 muzana. Akaita izvi kurwisana nekudengenyeka kukuru nekugadzirira United States kupinda muHondo Yenyika II.
Mutungamiri Bush aine chikamu chechipiri chikuru. Akarwisanawo nematambudziko emari pamwe ne $ 700 billion bailouts . Bush yakawedzera Economic Growth uye Tax Relief Reconciliation Act uye Basa Rokukura uye Mutero Relief Reconciliation Mutemo wekukwereta mutero kupedzisa kukwidziridzwa kwenyika muna 2001. Akapindura ku 9/11 kurwisana neHondo pamusoro peKutyisa .
Mutungamiri Reagan akatema mitero, kuwedzera kwemari yekudzivirira, uye akawedzera Medicare. Vose ava vatungamiri vakatamburawo nemisiti yakaderera mitero zvichibva pakudzingwa .
Chechipiri, mutungamiri wega wega anokwereta kubva kuSocial Security Trust Fund . Iko Chikwereti chakatora mune mari yakawanda kupfuura iyo yaidiwa kuburikidza nemitero yebhareji inoshandiswa pavana bhoomers.
Zvakanaka, mari iyi inofanira kunge yakasimwa kuti iwanike apo mabhoomer akasimuka. Pane kudaro, Chikwama chakanga chiri "chikwereti" kune hurumende yekubhadhara mari yakawedzerwa. Chikwereti ichi chisina kufarira chakaita kuti Chengetari yeBondori Bond ishandiswe pasi, zvichibvumira mamwe madhora ekubhadhara. Asi inofanira kubhadharwa nekuwedzera mitero apo boomers vanosiya basa.
Chechitatu, nyika dzakadai seChina neJapan dzinotenga Treasurys kuchengetedza mari yavo pasi yakatarwa nedhora. Vanofara kukweretesa kuAmerica, ivo vatengi vavo, saka zvicharamba zvichitenga zvekutengesa . Kunyange zvazvo China inonyevera United States kuderedza chikwereti chayo, inoramba ichitsvaga Pfuma. Asi China yakaderedza kubhadhara kwayo chikwereti cheUnited States .
Chechina, hurumende yeUnited States yakabatsirwa nehuwandu hwechibereko. Yakanga isingagoni kuramba ichizadzisa kukanganisa kwemari kana huwandu hwezvibereko hukawedzera sezvakaitwa muGreece.
Nei chido chekufarira chikaramba chiri pasi? Vatengi vebhadharo yemari yeHaimari vanovimba kuti America ine simba rezvemari yekuripa zvakare. Munguva yekuderera, nyika dzekune imwe nyika dzakasimudza kusungirirwa kweHurumende yezvisungo sekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka kwekugara. Idzi idzi dzakabuda kubva 13 kubva muzana muna 1988 kusvika ku 31 muzana muna 2011.
Chechipiri, Congress inomutsa chikwereti ichi . Congress inogadzirisa chikamu pane chikwereti asi ichichiwedzera. Izvozvo hazvina kuitika pakati pe2011 kusvika muna 2013, zvakadaro. Izvo zvaiva nokuti dambudziko rekwereti rakaguma nehurumende yekudziviswa uye kugadziriswa kwemari. Muna 2015, Congress yakasimudzira denga kusvika mushure mekusarudzwa kwegore ra2016 . Muna 2017, yakasimudza chikwereti ichi kusvika munaDecember 8, 2017.
Nzira Iyo Chikwereti Chakakura Chinoita Kuti Ive Nehupfumi
Mukumhanya kwenguva pfupi, hupfumi nevatori vanobatsirwa nekushaya mari yakawanda . Inoita kuti hurumende ikure. Hurumende yehurumende inobhadhara mari yekuchengetedza, utano hwehutano, nekuvaka kuvaka. Inobvumirana nevhizimisi vasiri vega vanozobhadhara vashandi vatsva. Vanopedza mubairo wavo-hurumende inobhadharwa pamotori, mabura, uye mbatya itsva. Iko kunowedzera hupfumi. Izvo zvinoitika zvinoitika nevashandi hurumende yehurumende inobhadhara zvakananga. Sezvimwe chikamu chezvikamu zveGDP , kushandiswa kwehurumende kunotora chikamu chikuru, chikuru chazvo chinopiwa kushandiswa kwemauto.
Pamusoro penguva yakareba, chikwereti chehurumende chinowedzera chiri kufanana nekutyaira nekukurumidza kudambura. Sezvo chikwereti-ku-GDP chikwata ichiwedzera, vatengesi vematokari vanogona kuda kuti zvikwereti zvinowanikwa zvikwereti. Vanoda kubhadharwa nekuda kwehuwandu hunowedzera huchazobhadharwa. Kuderedza kudiwa kweUnited States Treasurys kwaizowedzera kuwedzera kwemari . Izvozvo zvingaderedza pfuma.
Chido chepasi cheHaidurys chinowedzerawo kudzvinyirira kudhora. Izvi ndizvo nokuti kukosha kwechikwata kunosungirirwa kune kukosha kweHaigare Securities. Sezvo dollar inoderera , vatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanobhadharwa zvakare mune mari iyo inokosha zvishoma. Izvo zvinowedzera kuderedza kudiwa. Uyewo, vatengi vedzimwe nyika vedokwereti yeUnited States vari kuwedzera mari munyika dzavo.
Panguva iyoyo, United States ichafanira kubhadhara mari yakawanda kwazvo nokuda kwechido. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kubhadharwa kwezvikwereti kune chikwereti munguva iri mberi.
Congress inoona kuti iri kutarisana nematambudziko ematokari . Mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, Social Security Trust Fund haingakwanisi kubhadhara mari yekubvisa mari yakapikirwa kuvana vana. Izvozvo zvinogona kureva mitero yakakwirira kana chikwereti chakakura cheUnited States chichikweretesa zvimwe zvikwereti kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Congress inowanzowedzera kubhadhara pane kubhadhara mitero. Izvozvo zvinonyanya kukanganisa vashandi vaduku kupfuura makumi manomwe. Zvinogonawo kugunzva avo vane mari yakakwirira uye kwete sevanovimba neHuman Security Security kuti vabhadhara mari yavo yekurega basa.