Nzira Dhanu dzekudzikisa
Chikwereti chevanhu chikamu chikamu chemadhora gumi nemadhora gumi nemashanu. Iko chikwereti chakabhadharwa kuvanhu, mabhizimisi, uye kune dzimwe nyika mabhenji. Zvizhinji (95 kubva muzana) ndeyeMarivha yemari, mabhuku, uye zvisungo .
Zvasara 4 muzana ndeye MAZANO , Savings Bonds , nezvimwe zvivimbiso .
Hurumende inobhadharawo The Social Security Trust Fund uye mamwe masangano ehurumende. Izvozvo zvinonzi Intragovernmental Chikwereti. Haisi kuiswa mune zvechikwereti pane chikwereti. Ndiyo mari iyo hurumende inokwereta. Inotsanangura kuti nei vanhu veAmerica vane zvikwereti zvakawanda zveAmerica .
Kufarira kuri chikwereti kunosvika 7.4 muzana yeFY 2018 US federal budget . Izvo zvinoita kuti ive yechina yebhajimi huru yezvinhu. Imwe chete mari inoshandiswa yakawanda ndiyo Social Security inobhadhara ($ 987 biliyoni), kushandiswa kwemauto ($ 874.4 mabhiriyoni), Medicare ($ 582 mabhiriyoni), uye Medicaid ($ 400 mabhiriyoni).
Maonero Azvo
Kufarira kuri chikwereti kunoverengerwa nokuwedzera kukosha kwechiso cheHaidurys dzinowanikwa nguva dzavanofarira. Mari yezvivigiro ine nguva shomanana yemwedzi, imwe, mitatu nemashanu. Nhamba dzinotengeswa mune imwe, zvishanu, uye makore gumi.
Bonds ndeyemakore gumi nemashanu nemakumi matatu. Chikwereti chemazuva mashomanana chinoderera chibereko chekuda kupfuura chikwereti kwenguva refu. Izvi ndezvokuti vatengesi havatsvaki mari yakawanda yekudzoka kuzokweretesa mari yavo kwenguva shoma.
Nhamba yekutambira kune imwe yebhadharo, chinyorwa, kana bvumo inobva pane iyo yakabudiswa. Nhamba dzechido inoshanduka pane nguva, zvichienderana nekudiwa kweUnited States Treasurys.
Kana chido ichi chiri chepamusoro, ipapo mari inofarira ichave yakaderera. Kana zvinoda zvikawa, hurumende inofanira kubhadhara chikwata chapamusoro chekutengesa kutengesa zvose zvisungo zvayo. Enzanisa izvi kuchinja munguva ichangobva pfuma Mari inobereka mazai .
Kufarira kuri chikwereti haisi nyore kuverenga. Iwe haugoni kungowedzera nhamba yakakwana yekwereti nhamba kubudirira kwemazuva ano kuti uwane chimiro chakanaka. Asi, kazhinji, chikwereti chakakura uye chikwata chapamusoro chavanofarira chichaita chikwereti chikuru chekubhadhara.
Kufarira Pamatokari Negore (2008 - 2027)
Kufarira kuri chikwereti kwaiva $ 253 mabhiriyoni muna 2008. Yakapedza 8.5 muzana yeFY 2008 bhajeti yemari . Muna 2009, yakaramba kusvika kuma $ 187 mabhiriyoni nekuti zviyero zvezvibereko zvakawira. Chibereko pamakore gumi emari cheMari yeHurumende inopiwa mutafura iri pasi sechiitiko.
Somugumisiro, kufarira kune chikwereti kwakapedza 5.3 muzana yebhadharo yeFY 2009 , kunyange zvazvo chikwereti chakasvika ku $ 7,5 triliyoni. Kubva muna 2009 kusvika muna 2016, yakaramba iri pasi pe $ 250 biliyoni kunyange zvazvo chikwereti chacho chaipetwa kaviri. Chikwereti chikawedzera nokuti kushandiswa kwepachena kwevanhu kwakawedzera uye mari yakawanda. Ikudarika kwechikonzero ndicho chikonzero nei Mutungamiri Obama akasika chikwereti chikuru chemutungamiriri wega wega .
Kufarira pamusoro peMakore gumi nemari yeMariki yakaramba iri pasi pe3 muzana kusvika muna 2018 nekuda kwekuda kwakasimba kweUnited States.
Nharaunda dzinofungidzirwa dzinofanirwa kuwedzera pamusoro pe3 muzana muna 2019, maererano neHofisi yeHurumende uye Budget. Zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika ku3,7 muzana muna 2025. Panguva iyoyo, kufarira kuri chikwereti kuchava $ 688 mabhiriyoni, uye kutora 12.5 muzana yebhajheji.
| Gore reMari | Kufarira Pamatokari | Mutengo weNharaunda paGumi-Gumi reMari | Chikwereti Chevoruzhinji | Percent Budget |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | $ 253 | 3.7% | $ 5,803 | 8.5% |
| 2009 | $ 187 | 3.3% | $ 7,545 | 5.3% |
| 2010 | $ 196 | 3.2% | $ 9,019 | 5.7% |
| 2011 | $ 230 | 2.8% | $ 10,128 | 6.4% |
| 2012 | $ 220 | 1.8% | $ 11,281 | 6.2% |
| 2013 | $ 221 | 2.4% | $ 11,983 | 6.4% |
| 2014 | $ 229 | 2.5% | $ 12,780 | 6.5% |
| 2015 | $ 223 | 2.1% | $ 13,117 | 6.0% |
| 2016 | $ 240 | 1.8% | $ 14,168 | 6.2% |
| 2017 | $ 263 | 2.7% | $ 14,824 | 6.8% |
| 2018 | $ 310 | 2.6% | $ 15,790 | 7.4% |
| 2019 | $ 363 | 3.1% | $ 16,872 | 8.2% |
| 2020 | $ 447 | 3.4% | $ 17,947 | 9.7% |
| 2021 | $ 510 | 3.6% | $ 18,950 | 10.7% |
| 2022 | $ 568 | 3.7% | $ 19,946 | 11.4% |
| 2023 | $ 619 | 3.7% | $ 20,809 | 12.0% |
| 2024 | $ 658 | 3.7% | $ 21,495 | 12.4% |
| 2025 | $ 688 | 3.7% | $ 22,137 | 12.5% |
| 2026 | $ 717 | 3.6% | $ 22,703 | 12.5% |
| 2027 | $ 740 | 3.6% | $ 23,194 | 12.4% |
| 2028 | $ 761 | 3.6% | $ 23,684 | 12.2% |
(Zvinyorwa: "Historical Tables, Table 3-1," Office of Management uye Budget. "FY 2019 Budget," Office of Management uye Budget, February 12, 2018.)
Zvinokonzera
Nhamba yepamusoro yekutora uye chikwereti chiri kukura ndizvo zvinokonzera zvikwereti kune chikwereti. Asi chii chinoita kuti vasimuke? Nhamba dzechido inowedzera apo hupfumi huri kuita zvakanaka. Izvi ndezvekuti vatengesi vane chivimbo chekutenga zvinhu zve riskier, zvakadai sematokisi. Pane zvishoma zvinodiwa zvezvisungo, saka chido chekufarira chinofanira kusimuka kuti chikweve vatengi. Chikwereti ndeyekuunganidza kwekusarudzwa kwemari kwegore rimwe nerimwe. Izvo zvinoitika gore roga roga kushandiswa kwakawanda kudarika mari. Chikwereti chikuru chinokanganisa kukanganisa , nekuda kwebhadharo yepamusoro.
Sezvo Bill Clinton ari kutungamira , mutungamiri wega wega neChishanu vakagadzirira kudhura mari. Chokutanga, kupererwa kwemari kunokonzera hupfumi kuburikidza nekuisa mari muhomwe yebhizimisi nemhuri. Vanotenga zvinhu uye vanobhadhara vashandi, vachigadzira hupfumi hwakasimba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, kushandiswa kwehurumende inhengo yeGDP . Chechipiri, nyika dzakadai seChina neJapan dzinokweretesa America mari kutenga zvigadzirwa zvavo. Somugumisiro, United States inokwereta China 20 muzana yemari yose inokweretwa kune dzimwe nyika.
Chechitatu, vezvematongerwe enyika vanosarudzwa mukugadzira mabasa uye kuwedzera hupfumi. Vanorasikirwa nesarudzo apo kusarirwa kwemabasa nemitero kuwedzera. Somugumisiro, Congress haina zvigumbuso zvishomanana kuderedza kukanganisa.
Iyo Inokubata Sei Iwe
Kufarira kune chikwereti ikozvino kunoderedza mari inowanikwa kune dzimwe hurongwa hwekushandisa . Sezvo ichiwedzera pamusoro pemakore gumi anotevera, vatsigiri vezvikomborero izvi vachati kuderedzwa kwekushandisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Mune nguva refu, kuwedzera kwemari chikwereti kunova dambudziko guru kune wese. Izvozvo zvinonzi chidimbu chinoputika. Bhizinesi reNyika rinoti nyika inosvika panguva iyoyo apo chikwereti-ku-GDP chikwata chinosvika kana kupfuura 70 muzana. Ndiko nokuti chigadzirwa chakakomba chemhuri chinoderedza hupfumi hwepasi rose. Kana chikwereti ichi chikuru kudarika nyika yose, vateresi vanonetseka kana nyika ichadzorera ivo. Ichokwadi, ivo vakave vaine hanya muna 2011 uye 2013. Ndiyo apo bato rePublic Republican muCongress rinotyisidzira kuti risati rasvika kune chikwereti cheU.S.
Yakanga iri kuedza kweupenzi kugadzirisa mari yehurumende. Sei? Nokuti Mutemo-soro wakapa Congress simba guru rekushandisa. Congress yakagadzira hurongwa hwebhajeti hushanda kwemakore. Vakuru veChishanu havana hanya nebasa racho, uye vaishushikana nekunetseka kuti vashandi venyika.
Kamwe kana vatengesi vachinetseka, vanoda mari yepamusoro. Vatengi veUnited States Treasurys vanokoshesa kuchengetedzwa kwekuziva kuti vachabhadharwa. Vachange vachida kubhadhara mari yekuwedzera iyo havangabhadharwi. Kuderedza kudiwa kweUnited States Treasurys kwaizowedzera kuwedzera kwemari . Izvozvo zvinotadzisa hupfumi huri kukura .
Chido chepasi cheHaidurys chinowedzerawo kudzvinyirira kudhora. Ndiko kukosha kwemahotera kunosungirirwa kune iyo yeChealth Securities. Sezvo dollar inoderera , vatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanobhadharwa zvakare mune mari iyo inokosha zvishoma. Izvo zvinowedzera kuderedza kudiwa.
Kuwedzera kwechido kune chikwereti kunotambudza dambudziko remakwereti eU.S. Mumakore makumi maviri anotevera, Social Security Trust Fund haichazove yakakwana kuvhara zvikwereti zvekurega basa zvakapikirwa kune vakwegura. Congress yaizowana nzira dzekudzikisa mararamiro panzvimbo yekukwereta mitero. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vari kutaura pamusoro pekudzivirira hurumende Social Security.
Nzira Itsanu Dzokuderedza Kufarira Kwechikwereti
Nzira iyo isinganzwisisiki yekuderedza kufarira kune chikwereti ndeyokuderedza chido chekuda. Izvozvo hazvingaiti chero bedzi urombo huri nani.
Nzira yechipiri ndeyokuwedzera mitero yemari. Izvozvo zvichaderedza kukanganisa uye kuwedzera zvishoma kune chikwereti. Kuwedzera kwemitero inogadziriswa pakarepo, asi inowedzera kuderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi. Mukuwedzera, vhoti vanoramba vezvematongerwe enyika vanobhadhara mitero. Imari inokura nokukurumidza ichawedzerawo kuwedzera mitero.
Nzira yechina ndeyokuchera mari. Izvozvo zvichatsamwira ani zvake ari kuwana zvaanobatsira zvishoma. Kunyange zvazvo vezvematongerwo enyika vachiwanzozvitaura pamusoro pazvo, vanowanzoda kugura mumwe munhu kushandisa mari. Ndokusaka Congress isingagamuchiri chirongwa chaSimpson Bowles chebato-partisan muna 2010. Vatongi vakapedza Budget Control Act ya2011 kuzvikumanikidza kuti vauye nemhinduro. Apo pavakange vasingagoni, kusarudzwa kunopedza zvose zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa ne 10 muzana. Congress 'kukanganisa kukwidza mitero yakabva yatungamirira kumatambudziko ekudengenyeka kwenyika muna 2013.
Imwe yechishanu nzira yekuchinja mari yekushandisa mari inoita mabasa akawanda uye kuwedzera kukura kwehupfumi. Semuenzaniso, kutengesa mutero kunopa 10,779 mabasa ega rega mabhiriyoni emadhora anodzosera muhupfumi. Izvo zviri nani kudarika kushandiswa kwemari, izvo zvinongoita mabasa 8,555 kune mabhiriyoni ose anoshandiswa. Asi hazvirevi semari-inoshanda sekuvaka mashekeri akawanda. Izvo zvinoumba mabasa 17 687 kune mabhiriyoni ega akapedza. Kuvaka mashekeri ekufambisa ndechimwe chezvakanakisisa zvekusashanda kwemabasa .
Mutungamiri Trump akavimbisa kuderedza kukanganisa. Akatsoropodza kushandisa mari ye Air Air One uye F-35 fighter jet. Asi bhajeti yake yeFY 2018 yakawedzera kukanganisa uye chikwereti. Trump zvakare akataura kuti aizotadza kudarika chikwereti. Izvozvo zvingava zvakashata, sezvo zvingazoparadza hutariro pakati peVigari veChishanu. Chikwereti cheUnited States chinogona kutumira chikwereti pane chikwereti chichikwira. Inogonawo kutungamirira kudhora rekudhora . Izvozvo ndezvokuti kukosha kwedhora reU.S. kunosungirirwa kune kukosha kweUnited States Treasurys.
Pakupedzisira, vhoti vanofanira kumanikidzira mutungamiri neCongress kuti vaderedze kukanganisa. Izvozvo zvinotadzisa kuwedzera kwechikwereti. Kufarira kune chikwereti ichichakwira pamwe chete nemari yezvibereko, asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana zvisina kudaro, chikwereti chikwereti chenyika chichadya bhajeti uye mararamiro ehupenyu kumarudzi anotevera.