Nhau Inopesana Nekukundikana Kukuru Kwazvo muAmerica History
Somugumisiro, haina kuiswa chisimbiso kusvikira Mutungamiri Obama atora basa muna 2009. Pakupera kwegore ra2008 (Svondo 30, 2008), Mutungamiri Bush neCongress vakasayira Kuramba Kuenderera mberi kuti vabatsire hurumende kwemamwe mwedzi mitanhatu. Somugumisiro, mutungamiri weHarare Obama achangobva kusarudzwa akapedza bhadharo yeFY ya 2009, kubata mu $ 253 mabhiriyoni mumari yeEconomist Stimulus Act . Nokuda kwekuti izvi zvinoshanda sei, ona Budget Process .
Revenue
Nokuda kwegore ra2009, hurumende yeGedheni yakagamuchira $ 2.105 trillion mumari. Mitero yemari yakawana $ 915 mabhiriyoni, Social Security mitsara yakawedzera $ 654 mabhiriyoni, uye Medicare mitero yaiva $ 191 mabhiriyoni. Mitero yemitero yaiva yechina, pa $ 138 mabhiriyoni, asi mamwe ose aive akaumbwa nemitero yemadhora ($ 62 biliyoni), Inishuwarenzi yeUnishuwarenzi ($ 38 mabhiriyoni) uye kufarira kuGeral Reserve Reserve ($ 34 mabhiriyoni). Imari yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya nematambudziko emari , ayo akadzikisa mari kune vemhuri nemabhizimisi.
(Kubva: OMB FY 2011 bhajeti, iyo inoratidza mari chaiyo yekushandisa FY 2009, Tafura S-11)
Congress inofunga kuti yekutanga yeFY 2009 inowanikwa mari ye $ 2.7 trillion yaiva yakakwirira zvikuru, ichipiwa kuderedza hupfumi. Sezvazvakaitika, Congress yakange yakarurama. Bush Bush yakaronga bhajeti yake isati yasvika kuChishanu kuBir Stevens, kusunungurwa kwaJuly kwaFannie Mae naFreddie Mac, uye pamberi peLehman Brothers vakadzingiswa.
(Kubva: "FY 2009 Bhijeti, Nhepfenyuro Tables," OMB.)
Kutenga
FY 2009 kunyatsoshandisa mari yaive $ 3.518 trillion. Inopfuura hafu yaive yaisungirwa mari. Aya mapurogiramu akave agadziriswa neMutemo weCongress, uye anofanirwa kubhadharwa mari kuti asangane nezvinangwa zvavo. Congress haigone kuderedza mari muzvirongwa izvi pasina Mutemo. Iyo bhajeti yemapurogiramu aya inofungidzirwa kuti chii chichasvitsa mari yavo.
Kufarira kune chikwereti che federal chaiva $ 187 mabhiriyoni, kana kuti 5 muzana yemari yaishandiswa. Ichi, zvakare, chaive chekufungidzira chekufanirwa kubhadharwa gore roga roga kune vadzidzisi vekwereta yeUnited States.
Zvose zvakange zviri discretionary kushandisa. Aya ndiwo mapurogiramu ayo Congress inofanira kugamuchira mari yegore negore. Chikamu chakakura ndechekushandisa mari.
Zvinotenderwa:
Mari inoshandiswa yaive $ 2.112 triliyoni, kana 60 muzana yeUnited States Budget. Yaisanganisira Social Security ($ 678 mabhiriyoni), Medicare ($ 425 mabhiriyoni) uye Medicaid ($ 251 mabhiriyoni). Yakaisawo $ 151 mabhiriyoni eTARP iyo yakaendeswa kunebhadharo inotarisirwa mumabhajethi anotevera, sezvo yakagamuchirwa neMutemo weCongress.
Discretionary:
Discretionary kushandiswa kwaiva $ 1.219 trillion, kana 35% yekushandiswa kwemari. Mari ye $ 396,5 chete yakashandiswa pane zvisiri zvemauto. Chikuru pane izvi chaiva: Health and Human Services ($ 77 biliyoni), Kutakura ($ 70.5 mabhiriyoni), Dzidzo ($ 41.4 mabhiriyoni), Imba uye Urban Development ($ 40 mabhiriyoni), uye Agriculture ($ 22.6 mabhiriyoni).
Aya majejeti ehurumende aisanganisira kuwedzera kubva kuEconomist Stimulus Act .
Masoja anoshandisa FY 2009 aiva $ 822.5 mabhiriyoni. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Dhipatimendi reBhutori rinotarisa bhajeti - $ 513.6 mabhiriyoni, nhoroondo itsva.
- Zvokubhadhara Zvokuwedzera zveHondo Yekutyisa - $ 153.1 mabhiriyoni. Izvi pakutanga zvaisanganisira $ 70 bilioni zveHondo muIraq neAghanistan - zvakakwana kuti zvibhadire kusvika musi waJanuary 20, apo Bush akasimuka. Icho chiri pasi pehafu yegore risati rasvika.
- Masangano anotsigira mauto - $ 149.4 mabhiriyoni. Izvi zvinosanganisira Dhipatimendi reVeterans ($ 49 mabhiriyoni), iyo yakawedzerwa pedo ne $ 10 mabhiriyoni kuti ichengetedze nhamba yakawanda yevakuvadzwa nhengo dzebasa, kunyanya avo vanoda kurapwa kwehutano hwepfungwa kubva mukushungurudzwa kwezvakaitika zvehondo uye mavanga emusoro. Yakaisawo $ 9.1 mabhiriyoni eNational Nuclear Security Administration, $ 44.9 mabhiriyoni ekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, $ 38.5 mabhiriyoni eDhipatimendi reHurumende, uye $ 7.7 mabhiriyoni kune FBI.
Chimwe chikonzero chibhadharo chaive DOA chakanga chiri chokuti gore ra2008 raiva gore rekusarudzwa, uye bhajeti yeBush yakaisa mapurogiramu anozivikanwa, chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kubatsira chero sangano reChristian reelection. Yakatema Medicare, zvipo zvokutaura, uye kuchengeta mamwe ose ekushandisa kwemari kusingachengeteki masangano akagara. (Kubva: "$ 400 Billion Inokwana Kukwazisa Mubudi waBush," USA Today, February 2, 2008. "Congress neHurumende Dzay FY 2009 Imvumo," American Institute of Physics, September 30, 2008. " Monthly Budget Review FY 2009 ," Congressional Budget Office.)
Chirongwa chikuru chebhajeti muAmerica History
Nzira yeFY yebhadharo yegore ra2009 yaiva $ 1.413 trillion, iyo yakakurumbira munhoroondo. Nhaka iyi yakauya mu $ 1.006 yakawanda kupfuura Bush yakasarudzirwa mari ye $ 407 bhiriyoni. Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, veRepublicans vakapa mhosva Obama, nepo Democrats inopomera Bush. Zvisinei, chati iri pasi apa inoratidza kuti mhosva chaiyo inonyengera ndeipi - kudarika kukuru kudarika Kubwinya Kukuru .
Kusiyana pakati pezvakataurwa uye chaiyo 2009 Budget
| Chikamu | Proposed | Actual | Mupiro Usina Kubhadhara kuNhepfenyuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | $ 2.7 trillion | $ 2.105 trillion | $ 595 mabhiriyoni |
| TARP | 0 | $ 151 mabhiriyoni | $ 151 mabhiriyoni |
| ARRA | 0 | $ 253 mabhiriyoni | $ 253 mabhiriyoni |
| Zvimwe | 0 | $ 7 biliyoni | $ 7 biliyoni |
| Total | --- | --- | $ 1.006 trillion |
Kukundikana kushandisa mari munguva yekuderera kwakakodzera. Icho chikamu chekuwedzera kwematongerwo emitemo, iyo inowedzera kukura. Kunyange zvakadaro, yava chinhu chinopisa chinokonzera nokuti Congress yakawana kushaya mari yakawanda kuti ive nzira yakanaka yekudzokorora zvakare kubva Mutungamiri Nixon. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, kukanganisa kwaingova kungomhanyira kunotsigira hondo. Pakupera kwegore ra2008, chikwereti chakanga chakura kusvika $ 10 trillion.
Mune nguva refu, chikwereti ichi chiri kukura chinokanganisa dhora. Izvozvo ndezvokuti Dhipatimendi reMariki inofanira kubudisa zvinyorwa zvitsva zveMariki kuti zvibhadharire chikwereti. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakafanana nekudhinda madhora emari. Sezvo dollar ichikwira mumusika, inopa kunze kwekuda, ichideredza kukosha kwedhora .
Sezvo kukosha kwedhora kunoderera, kunoita kuti mutengo wekutengesa uwedzere . Chikwereti chikuru chechikwereti chinopedzisira chinotyisa kutya kuti zvingasazobhadharwa. Kana kuti, hurumende ichafanira kutora mitero kuti ibhadhara iyo. Izvi zvinoshanda sechimwe chikwata pakukura kwehupfumi.