Kuwedzera Kwakaita Kuwedzera Kwokudya Kwako Bhiri uye Kunogadzira US Jobs
Panama Canal inosangana neAtlantic Ocean kuenda kuPacific Ocean kuburikidza neCaribbean Ocean. Inobvumira ngarava kuti dzirege kuenda nechikepe kune mamwe makiromita zviuru mazana mashanu kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kweSouth America.
Injini ye canal yakaoma. Zvinopfuura kungochera mugero refu pfupi pfupi pane iyo Isthmus yePanama. Chokutanga, chiyero chegungwa cheCaribbean masendimita masere pasi pePacific. Chechipiri, makungwa maviri ane marwizi akasiyana. Chechitatu, Isthmus kuPanama inokwira mamita 26 pamusoro pegungwa.
Kuti agadzirise zvinetso izvi, ngarava dzinoenda mumatanda matatu. Iko kusvitsa kunokwira zvikepe kusvika kuGitun Lake. Vanobva vadzikisa zvikepe kuburikidza nematombo matatu akadzokera kumashure. Pakati pevhesi, zvinotora maawa gumi nemaviri kutamira mumugwagwa wemakiromita makumi mashanu.
Nei Chirongwa Chinokosha Kumari yeUnited States?
Panama Canal inochengetedza mari yezvinhu zvakatengeswa pasi. Izvozvo zvinoderedza kutengesa kwezvinhu . Zvitoro zvishanu zvinotakura makumi manomwe kubva muzana yemutambo weUnited States.
Ndiyo mahofisi eLos Angeles / Long Beach (LA / LB), New York / New Jersey (NY / NJ), Seattle / Tacoma, Savannah uye Oakland. Zvose zvezvikepe izvi uye chikepe cheCharleston chave chichigona kana kuti chichakwanisa kugamuchira zvikepe zvePot-Panamax muna 2018. Migwagwa inotarisirwa kupetwa kaviri pazvikepe izvi kusvika 2030.
Kuwedzerwa kwePanama Canal kunoita kuti shanduro yeUnited States irambe ichishanda zvakajeka.
Inoderedza kukanganisa kusvika kuLAN / Long Beach port. Zvizhinji zveyo magwagwa emigwagwa anobva kuAsia.
Nharaunda ichaumba mamwe mabasa eSouth. Inopa vashandi vekuAmerica zviri nani kupinda kuChina nemamwe makamba eAsia.
Nzvimbo iri mumugwagwa yakakura 23 kubva muzana mumwedzi mipfumbamwe yegore ra20177. Izvo zvakaunza mamiriyoni emadhora ku US East Coast ports. Traffic pazvikepe ndiyo inenge 29 muzana. Yakava yakadhura kutengesa kuburikidza neCanal kupfuura chikepe kuLos Angeles uye inofambisa nhumbi nechitima neregi. (Chinobva: "Bato guru rePanama Canal Iri Kubhadhara," The Wall Street Journal, Gumiguru 8, 2017.)
Kuwedzera Kwakaita Kuwedzera Kwokudhura Zvinotengeswa
Nzira inokurumidza kutakura mutoro kubva kuChina kuenda kuUnited States East Coast ndeyokutakura uye ngarava. Zvinotora mazuva 12.3 kuti ngarava inobva kuChina ichienda kuSouth West Coast. Mutoro pachitima unotora mazuva matanhatu kubva kuWest Coast kusvika kuEast Coast. Icho chizere chemazuva 18.3. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, 75 muzana yeAsia inotengeserana inotora nzira iyi.
Pamberi pekuwedzera, 20 chete chete muzana vakatora nzira yePanama Canal. Izvozvo ndezvokuti zvinopera, pamazuva 21.6. Zvasara 5 kubva muzana zvekutengeserana kweChina kuenda kuAmerica zvinopfuura neSuez Canal muEgypt zvakananga kuU.S. East Coast. Icho chinotora mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri. (Inobva: "Chiitiko chePanama Canal Expansion kuU.S. Intermodal System," Dhipatimendi reUnited States Rezvokurima, munaJanuary 2010.)
Kuwedzera kwechirongwa kunogona kutora 35 muzana yezvino kuWest Coast mutengesi. Ndizvo nokuti motokari haina kutakura mitoro yakawanda seyoText-Panamax. Imwe ngarava inotakura zvitima 16. Kuwedzera kwechirongwa ichi kunoita kuti iyi nzira yakareba isabatsire kune zvinhu zvekutengeserana. Ndiko nokuti ivo vanonyanya kunetseka nebhadharo kupfuura nguva. Kuwedzera kwacho kuchazarura mushamba weAsia kuUnited States gasi rekutengesa. Pamberi pekuwedzera, mharayi yaiva yakanyanya kuduku kune zvigadziriswa gasi zvisikwa zvikepe. Kunyanya-kukosha, zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi nguva, zvakadai semagetsi, zvichiri kushandisa West Coast ports uye rail. (Ikoko: "Kutengeserana muAmerica: Kuwedzera Panam Canal yeZvondo rechi21," World Trade 100, November 2, 2007.)
Canal History
VaFrance vakatanga kuvaka dheni mumakore ekuma1800. Vakapera pavakamhanya kunze kwemari uye vakarasikirwa nevashandi vakawanda kune zvirwere zvinopisa.
Muna 1904, United States yakatenga Canal Zone. Yakanga ichida kuwedzera kutumira kwayo uye simba remvura pakati peAtlantic nePacific Oceans. Yakabhadhara $ 10 Mamiriyoni kuPanama uye $ 40 Mamiriyoni kuFrance. Vanyori vekuAmerica vakagadza gomba rekugadzira raigona kudzivirira ngarava kubva mumasikirwo emvura muAndes Mountains. Vanachiremba vekuAmerica vakawana kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinotyisa zvemalaria uye yellow fever. Yakagadzira mabasa ePittsburgh mishonga yemidziyo, Portland cement factories uye General Electric mashandisi. Vanosvika makumi mana nemashanu zviuru zvevashandi vekuvaka uye vatsigiri vakashandira mureza. Pakati pe10 000 - 15 000 vanhu vakafa nezviitiko uye zvirwere. Muna 1914, Panama Canal yakapedzerwa pamutengo we $ 375 mamiriyoni.
IUnited States yaiva nemugwagwa mukati mePanama. Muna 1977, Mutungamiri Carter vakasaina chibvumirano nePanama chakanga chavimbisa kuchinja ganho racho muna 1999. Chibvumirano chakabvumira United States kupindira chero nguva iyo kushandiswa kwayo kwegwenga kwakatyisidzirwa. Pakazosvika panguva iyo, mureza wacho unodhura zvakawanda kumhanya pane zvawakadzokera muzvigaro kumakambani eAmerica. Motokari dzaive dzakakurumidza uye mari dzavo dzakanga dzawa. Chibvumirano chacho chakavandudza hukama nePanama uye dzose dzeLatin America. Asi vazhinji veAmerica vakazviona seAmerica kudzokera kubva kumasimba ayo enyika yose. (Chinyorwa: "Panama Canal Study," Dhipatimendi reUnited States rekurima. "Panama Canal Yakabetsera Ita US Simba Rwenyika," PBS NewsHour, August 15, 2014.)
Panama inogamuchira $ 1 biliyoni muzvikwereti kubva mumugwagwa. Izvozvo zvichave zvakapetwa kaviri kana katatu zvino kuti kuwedzera kwapera. Yakanga yakanonoka gore. Mari inodarika yakawedzera $ 1.6 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 5.2 mabhiriyoni mutengo. (Inobva: "Nhamo DzaPanama Canal Pasi Pose," The Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2014.)
Zvimwe pane Post-Panamax Ships
Post-Panamax ngarava dzinotakura zvuru zvishanu kusvika kune zviuru zvitatu. Ngarava imwe neimwe inomira 14 kusvika kune makumi maviri. Vanoda mheni 17 mamita yakadzika. Super Post-Panamax midziyo inotora zvinopfuura 13,200 midziyo. Ngarava idzi dzinotakura 27 muzana yenhumbi dzenyika. Kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana, Panama Canal yaifanira kuwedzera kuti igare nezvikepe izvi.