Zvine Zvinokonzera Dhirairi dzeAmerica's Economy
Nzira yekuverenga zvikamu zveGDP ndeye Y = C + I + G + X. Izvozvo zvinomiririra: GDP = Kushandisa + Investment + Hurumende + X (kutengeswa kwenyika, kana kutengeswa kunotengeswa kunze kwenyika.)
Muna 2017, GDP yeUnited States yaiva makumi manomwe kubva muzana yehuwandu hwekushandisa, 17 muzana yekushambadzira kwebhizimisi, 17 muzana yehurumende kushandiswa, uye 4% asiri yekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Zvikamu zveGDP zvinotsanangurwa
Hezvino iyo iyo Bureau ye Economic Economic Analysis inoparadzanisa GDP reUnited States muzvikamu zvina.
1. Zvokushandisa Zvishandiso Zvomunhu
Inenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana yezvakabatanidzwa neUnited States ndezvokushandisa mari . Muna 2017, iyo yaiva $ 11.89 trillion. Cherechedza kuti nhamba dzinorondedzerwa ndeye GDP chaiye . Ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuenzanisa makore akasiyana. Zvakatenderera kune mabhiriyoni ari pedyo. Nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira uye mamwe mashoko, tapota BEA Table 1.1.6 yeNational Revenue and Products Accounts.
IWE BEA inoparadzanisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumari uye zvinhu.
Nhumbi dzinowedzera pasi-dzakakamurwa kuva zviviri kunyange zvikamu zviduku. Yokutanga ndiyo zvinhu zvakasimba , zvakadai semotokari uye midziyo. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvine upenyu hunobatsira hwemakore matatu kana kupfuura.
Chechipiri haisi zvinhu zvisingachinji, zvakadai sefurairi , zvokudya uye zvipfeko. Indasitiri yekugadzirisa zvinhu inonyanya kukosha kwehupfumi sezvo inopa zvinhu izvi zvose kumutengi. Bhuku re BEA rinoshandisa zvinyorwa zvitsva zvekutengesa zvekutengesa sezviri kuwanikwa. Sezvo iyi mharidzo ichibuda mwedzi wega wega, inokupa muongorori weiyo chikamu chemugumo weGDP wekota.
Nheyo dzinenge hafu yeUnited GDP. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvisingagoni kuchengetwa uye zvinowanzopiswa kana zvichitengwa. Yakawedzerwa yakawanda sezvo mabasa makumi matatu emapato akapiwa mu1960. Tendai kuwedzera kwebhengi uye kutarisira utano. Zvizhinji zvemashumiro zvinopedzwa muUnited States. Izvo zvakaoma kutengesa.
Sei kushandiswa kwemunhu oga kuchiita chikamu chakakura chehupfumi hweUnited States? America ine mukana wekuve nehuwandu hwevagari vemunharaunda munzvimbo inowanikwa nyore nyore. Yakafanana nemakakiti makuru emuedzo wezvinhu zvitsva. Izvo zvinoreva zvinoreva kuti mabhizinesi eUnited States ave akaisvonaka pakuziva kuti vatengi vanoda chii.
2. Kubhadhara Bhizinesi
Bhizimusi rekutsvaga inosanganisira kutenga zvinhu izvo makambani anoita kuti atengese zvinhu zvekutenga. Asi, kwete zvinhu zvose zvinotengwa zvinoverengwa. Kana kutenga kunongotora chimwe chinhu chiripo, zvino hachiwedzere kuGDP uye hachiverengwi. Kutenga kunofanira kuenda kunotanga kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvevatengi kuti zviverengwe.
Muna 2017, mabhizimisi emabhizimisi aiva $ 2.95 trillion. Ndiyo 17 muzana ye US GDP. Inowedzera kuderera kwayo pasi pe $ 1.5 trillion muna 2009. Muna 2014, yakarova hupfumi hwayo hwe $ 2.3 trillion.
IA BEA inokamura bhizinesi kutengeswa muzvikamu zviviri-zvikamu: Fixed Investment uye Change mu Private Inventory.
Zvizhinji zveFixed Investment haisi yekugara kwekutsvaga mari. Icho chinonyanya kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi, zvakadai semapurogiramu, zvigadzirwa zvemari uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira . IA BEA nheyo idzi iyi inoshandiswa pakutumira zvinyorwa kubva mushumo wekugadzirisa kwekugara kwezvinhu zvekugara . Icho chiratidzo chinotungamirira hupfumi .
Chikamu chiduku asi chinonyanya kukosha chekusava nekugara kwekutsvaga kwekugadzirwa kwezvivako zvekugadzirwa kweimba . IWE BEA inongoratidzira chivako chitsva icho chinowedzera kuongororwa kwekutengeserana kwenyika. Resals hazvibatanidzi. IEA inowedzera kuGDP mugore ravakagadzirwa.
Kuisa mari yakakwana kunosanganisira kuvakwa kwekugara, iyo inosanganisira itsva dzimba dzemhuri dzimba, condos uye townhouses. Kungofanana nekutengeserana kwemaimba , BEA haina kuverenga dzimba dzakasarudzwa sezvikwereti zvakasimbiswa. Chivako chitsva chemusha chaive $ 600 mabhiriyoni muna 2017.
Icho chaiva 3 muzana yeGDP. Kuvakwa kwakavakwa, kwekutengesa uye kwekugara kwekugara kwaive $ 1.07 trillion, kana 6 muzana yeGDP.
Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakaputika mubhokisi. Kugadziriswa kwekugara kwakasvika pakakwirira muna 2005 apo yakawedzera $ 872 mabhiriyoni kuGDP. Kufananidza nekufamba kwenguva nguva dzose kunogadziriswa kwekutsvaga. Izvo hazvina kukwira pasi kusvikira muna 2010, apo chete $ 382 mabhiriyoni yakawedzerwa. Mupiro weimba kuGDP wakaderera kubva pa6.1 kubva ku2,6 muzana panguva ino.
Kuvakwa kwekutengeserana kwekutengeserana uye kwekugara kwakapa $ 1.3 triliyoni, kana 9,9 muzana yeGDP, pakukwira kwayo muna 2005. Yakawira pasi pe $ 748.7 mabhiriyoni muna 2010, 5.1 muzana yeGDP.
Shanduko muZvinyorwa Zvinyorwa ndeyekuti makambani akawanda anowedzera sei kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvavanoronga kutengesa. Apo mirairo yekugadzira yakawanda inowedzera, inoreva kuti makambani anowana mirairo yezvinhu zvavasinazvo muzvitoro. Vanoronga zvakawanda kuti zvive zvakakwana pazviri. Zvakakosha kuti makambani ave nehuwandu hwekutsvaga kuitira kuti varege kuvhiringidza uye vasiye vashandi.Naizvozvo, kuwedzerwa kwezvinyorwa zvepachena kunobatsira kuGDP.
Kuyerera kwekutsvaga mabhuku kunowanzoreva kuti mabhizimisi ari kuona kudiwa kunorega. Sezvo kuumbwa kwakagadzirwa, makambani achaderedza kushandiswa. Kana ikaramba ichireba kwenguva yakareba, ipapo kuparadzwa kunotevera. Nokudaro, kuchinja mune zvinyorwa zvepachivande ndiyo chiratidzo chinokosha chinotungamirira , kunyange zvazvo chakapa zvishoma kudarika 1 muzana yeGDP muna 2017.
3. Hurumende Inoshandisa mari
Kushandiswa kwehurumende kwaiva $ 2.9 trillion muna 2017. Ndiyo 17 muzana yeGDP yose. Izvo zvisingasviki ne19 muzana zvakabatsira muna 2006. Mune mamwe mazwi, hurumende yaive ichipedza zvakawanda apo hupfumi hwakanga huchiwedzera mberi kwekuderera. Ndiyo nguva chaiyo iyo inofanira kunge yakashandisa zvishoma kuderedza zvinhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma kushandiswa iko zvino ndechikonzero chekutsvaga, izvo zvaivewo nguva dzisina kunaka. Kurongeka kwezviito hazvifaniri kushandiswa apo hupfumi huri kutambura kupora.
Hurumende yehurumende yakashandisa $ 1.12 trillion muna 2017. Inenge makumi matanhatu kubva muzana ndiyo yaiva mari yekushandisa mari . Mipiro yehurumende neyemunharaunda yakasimudza kusvika 10 muzana. Izvi kuwedzera nokuti mari yehurumende yakagadziridzwa ikozvino kuti kuderera kwapera.
4. Net Net Export of Goods and Services
Kutengeswa uye kutengeserana kune zvinopesana neGDP. Zvinyorwa zvinowedzera kuGDP uye kutengeswa kunotora . IUnited States inopinza zvinopfuura zvayo zvinotengeserana, zvichiita kushayikwa kwebhizimisi . Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva kuti America achiri kutengesa mafuta akawanda, pasinei nokuwana muzinda wekudyisa mafuta mafuta . Imari yeUnited States inobva pamabasa, ayo akaoma kutengesa. Muna 2017, kutengeswa kunotora $ 2.81 trillion, asi kutengeswa kwakawedzera $ 2.19 trillion. Somugumisiro, kutengesa kwenyika dzakawanda kwakabudisa $ 620 mabhiriyoni kubva kuGDP. Mamwe mamwe mashoko ari munyaya yeEnglish uye Export Composents .
Zvikamu zve 2017 GDP Chart
| Component | Zviyero (zvururiyoni) | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Kushandiswa Kwemunhu | $ 11.89 | 78% |
| Goods | $ 4.23 | 25% |
| Zvinhu Zvisingagumi | $ 1.70 | 10% |
| Zvinhu zvisingaregi | $ 2.58 | 15% |
| Services | $ 7.68 | 45% |
| Business Investment | $ 2.95 | 17% |
| Fixed | $ 2.92 | 17% |
| Non-Residential | $ 2.31 | 14% |
| Zvebhizimisi | $ 0.47 | 3% |
| Capital Goods | $ 1.10 | 6% |
| Intellectual (Software) | $ 0.75 | 4% |
| Residential | $ 0.60 | 3% |
| Shanduko muInventories | $ 0.02 | 0% |
| Net Exports | ($ 0.62) | (4%) |
| Zvokutengeserana | $ 2.19 | 13% |
| Imports | $ 2.81 | 16% |
| Hurumende | $ 2.90 | 17% |
| Federal | $ 1.12 | 7% |
| Kudzivirira | $ 0.67 | 4% |
| State uye Local | $ 1.79 | 10% |
| TOTAL GDP | $ 17.10 | 100% |
(Inobva: " Mazano uye Nzira dzeSouth National Income uye Product Accounts ," Bureau of Economic Analysis, Gunyana 2016.)