Chii Chaizvo Vanhu veAmerica Vanoshandisa Mari Yadzo Chaizvo?
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemari inoshandiswa inenge chiyero chekushandiswa kwemutengo wenyika. Inokuudza kuti mari yakawanda yevana veAmerica inoshandisa zvinhu nezvipi.
Nzvimbo yezvinhu inosanganisira mazana maviri-mazana. Vashandi vanochengetedza zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu, zvakadai semotokari nemashamba ekugezera. Zvinhu zvisingaregi ndezvimwe zvinhu izvo mhuri dzinoshandisa nekukurumidzira, sekutengesa uye zvipfeko.
Nheyo dzinoshandisa mabhizinesi dzinoita kuti mhuri dzisafanira kuzviita ivo pachavo.
Hurumende, isiri purogiramu uye vashandi vemumba vanopawo mabasa. Mimwe mienzaniso yakaoma yakachena, kugadziriswa kwejeri nemari yemari.
Kunyanya kushandiswa kunotungamirira inenge 70 muzana yehupfumi huwandu. Izvo zvinoyerwa nezvibereko zvakakomba zvemiti . Kushandiswa kwevanhu pachavo chiratidzo chezvemari chinokosha. Ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chinotungamirira kukura kwehupfumi. Nokuda kwezvimwe, ona Zvikamu zveGDP .
Izvo zveAmerica Zvichishandisa Mari Yadzo
Muna 2016, mhuri dzeAmerica dzakashandisa madhora 11.6 triliyoni. Makumi makumi matanhatu nevashanu kubva muzana vakaenda kumabasa. Chikuru chikuru chaive chimba, pa $ 2 trillion. Zvadaro kwaive kutarisira utano, pa $ 1.9 trillion. Mushure mezvinhu izvi zvakakosha zvakaputirwa, mari yehupfumi uye mahotera / maresitorendi zvaive pedo, pa $ 700 mabhiriyoni ega ega. Mamwe mavara ezvokuzorora uye zvekufambisa mabasa akapa $ 4 mabhiriyoni ega ega. Izvo zvisina mari zvakapa $ 300 mabhiriyoni mumabasa.
Vanhu veAmerica vakapedza chikamu chetatu chemari yose yezvinhu pazvinhu.
Vakashandisa $ 2.5 triloni pane zvinhu zvisingagumi, zvakadai sekudya, zvokupfeka uye simba. Zvinhu zvinogadzikana zvakawana $ 1.5 triliyoni. Vakashandisa madhora mabhiriyoni mazana matanhatu emitambo yekuvaraidza, kunyanya magetsi emagetsi. Vakapedza $ 400 bhiriyoni imwe neimwe pamotokari uye fesheni. Heano zvinhu izvi:
| PCE Component | Zviyero (zvururiyoni) | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Goods | $ 4.1 | 36% |
| Zvinhu Zvisingagumi | $ 1.5 | 13% |
| Auto | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Simba | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Recreational | $ 0.6 | 5% |
| Zvimwe Zvisingagoneki | $ 0.2 | 2% |
| Zvisiri-Zvisingagumi Zvinhu | $ 2.5 | 22% |
| Zvokudya | $ 0.8 | 7% |
| Nguo | $ 0.4 | 3% |
| Simba, Gasoline | $ 0.3 | 2% |
| Zvimwe | $ 1.0 | 9% |
| Services | $ 7.5 | 65% |
| Housing | $ 2.0 | 18% |
| Nezveutano | $ 1.9 | 17% |
| Kutakura | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Varaidzo | $ 0.4 | 3.5% |
| Hotels / Restaurants | $ 0.7 | 6% |
| Mari | $ 0.7 | 6% |
| Kwete-Kubatsira | $ 0.3 | 3% |
| Mamwe Huduma | $ 1.0 | 9% |
| TOTAL PCE | $ 11.6 | 100% |
(Gumisiro: "Mari Yomunhu Pamwe Chete uye Zvokubuda," Tafura 2.3.6. Chaicho Chaicho Chezvokushandisa Zvishandiso neMutengo Wakawanda weMiti, Chained Dollars, Gore regore ra2016, Bhuku reMarikodhi, July 28. 2017.)
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemashandisirwo emari kunoshandiswa kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira dzekutengesa zvakare . Heino mazita ekupedzisira ekutengesa zvekutengesa .
Chikonzero nei PCE Ichikosha
PCE inoratidza kuti mari inoshandiswa sei nemhuri inoshandiswa pakarepo kushandiswa nekuchengetedza remangwana. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemazinga kunoshandura mukukura kweGDP kukuru munguva pfupi. Kune rimwe divi, mari yakakwirira yepamusoro yakakosha kwenguva refu yehupfumi hwehupfumi. Ndizvo nokuti mabhengi anoshandisa mari yekuchengetedza zvikwereti zvekubhadhara mari uye mabhizimusi emabhizimisi.
Vatsoropodzi vanoshandisa ripoti yePCE kuti vanzwisise tsika dzekutenga kwemhuri. Semuenzaniso, inoratidza kuti mabhizimisi ekutengesa anochinja sei mumhinduro yepamusoro yekutengesa kwekuwedzera. Izvozvo zvinowanzoitika apo magasi anosimuka kana kuwira. Nenzira iyo, PCE inoratidza kusimba kwekuda . Kana chido chekuita zvakanaka kana kushanda kuri kuwedzera , vanhu vanocheka kunyange kana mutengo uchikwira zvishoma. Kana kudiwa kuri kuitika, vanhu vanoenderera mberi kutenga mutengo wakafanana pasinei nehomwe yekutengesa inowedzera.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis inoshandisa PCE kuverenga PCE Inflation Index .
Icho ndicho chinonzi Federal Reserve 's preferred measurement of inflation. Inonyanya kujeka kudarika iyo inonyanyozivikaniswa Consumer Price Index .
Nzira Yakaverengwa Sei
IWE BEA nhoroondo pamusoro pePCE mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Icho chikamu cheNational Income uye Product Accounts. Iwe uchawana PCE muNhoroondo yeBhuku RekuNyorera uye yeAkunze. Izvozvo zvinokuudza kuti vanhu vanopedza sei mari yavo pachavo. Vanopedza zvizhinji zvayo pamapuranga evanhu. Chikamu ichocho chinosanganisira PCE, kubhadhara chikwereti uye kubhadhara mari. Vanoisa zvimwe zvayo mumari yega.
Kugadzira nhoroondo dzeNational Income, BEA inoshandisa purogiramu yeGDP nokuda kwaro. Iko inofanira kushandura DDP yekushambadzira kwedhipoti kumushumo wePCE wokushandisa mutengi. Unozviita sei?
Kutanga, inoparadzanisa kunze kwekugadzirwa kunoenda kunotenga vatengi. Izvo zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekutengeswa kwevatapi.
Inosanganisirawo mari yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, mapeji emari uye mahofisi ekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero. Chechipiri, inowedzera zvinotengeswa . Chechitatu, iyo inodzinga zvinyorwa zvose zvekutengeserana uye kuchinja mukugadzira. Izvo zvinopa iyo mari yakawanikwa yekushandisa pamba. Iyo inopa kuti pakati pevashandi vekutenga. Inotangira kugoverwa kwebhizimusi rezvinyorwa zvese, US Census Bureau data uye inongororo yeimba yemari.
Imwe dambudziko nderekuti GDP inouya kwegore negore, uye BEA inofungidzira PCE mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Bhuku re BEA rinoshandisa ripoti reMount Sales Sales kuti rizadze zvikanganiso. Kwemakore gumi ose inodzokorora zvose zvayo kuverenga zvichienderana neCensus Census. (Chinyorwa: "Methodology Papers," NIPA Handbook: Mazano uye Nzira dze US National Income uye Product Accounts, Chitsauko 5: Zvokushandisa Zvomunhu Pamwechete, BEA.)