Chinokonzera Izvo, Sei Zvisingachaitike Zvakare.
Nenzira yakanaka, hupfumi hweUnited States hwakangosangana nedambudziko rimwe rezvemari. Ndiyo Kuwedzera Kukuru kwegore ra1929 . Yakatora makore gumi. Kupera kwezvikamu zvakakosha mumuchero wekukura kwehuwandu hwaive hwehukuru husina kuonekwa kubvira:
- 1930 -8.6 muzana
- 1931 -6.5 muzana
- 1932 -13.1 muzana
- 1933 -1.3 muzana
- 1938 -3.4 muzana
Munguva yekudengenyeka, uwandu hwemabasa hwakanga huri 25 muzana.
Mipiro yakawira 42 muzana. Nhamba yeUnited States inowanikwa mune zvemari yakawira kubva ku $ 103 mabhiriyoni kusvika ku $ 55 bhiriyoni. Shanduro yenyika yakaderera 65 kubva muzana zvichienzaniswa mumadhora. Migumisiro yeKuDzvinyirira Kukuru ingave ichiri kunzwika nhasi.
Izvozvo zvinofananidzwa sei nekudzoka kubva ipapo? Munguva yematambudziko emari muna 2008 , hupfumi hwezvemari hwakapera. Asi hazvina kumbosvika pedyo nekuoma kweHuruku Hukuru. Kunyangwe paiva nedzimwe kuderera kwechikepe mukati mezvikamu zvishomanana, pakange pasina makore apo hupfumi hwakabvumirana zvakanyanya sezvakaitwa muKuwedzereka Kwekuwanda. Maererano nehuwandu hweGDP , hupfumi hwakabvumirana ne3,3 muzana muna 2008. Muna 2009, inodhura 3.5 muzana.
Ikudarika kwemakore muna 2001 kwakave nedzimba dzakaipa, asi kwete makore akanga asina kunaka. Muna 1991, hupfumi hwakabvumirana ne 0.2%. Kubva muna 1980 kusvika muna 1982 kutengesa kwenyika kwakaona makore maviri asina kunaka: 1980 yakanga yakaderera 0.3 muzana, uye 1982 yakanga yakaderera 1.2 muzana. Pakazosvika 1973 kusvika muna 1975 kutengesa kwepasi, hupfumi hwakabata 0.6 muzana muna 1974 uye 0.2 muzana muna 1975.
Zvechokwadi, iyo yepedyo nyika yakasvika mukudengenyeka yakanga ichangopera Hondo Yenyika II. Injini dzezvematongerwe enyika dzakaoma kuti dzigadzirise kurongedza nguva yekugara. Upfumi hwakabvumirana nemakore mana mumutsara.
- 1945 -1.1 muzana
- 1946 -10.9 muzana
- 1947 -0.9 muzana
- 1949 -0.5 muzana
Zvinokonzera
Kushungurudzika kwezvehupfumi kwakaoma zvikuru, inenge inotora dutu rakakwana rezviitiko kuumba imwe.
Muzvokwadi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti kushandiswa kwemari kwepabonde kunowedzera kuora mwoyo. Sangano reFederal Reserve rakatsvaga kuedza kuderedza mutengo wemusika wekutengeswa kuma1920. Asi kana kambani yekutengesa ikangopera, Fed yakaramba ichinge ichiwedzera mhindu yemari yekudzivirira chiyero chegoridhe . Panzvimbo yekupinza mari muhupfumi uye kuwedzera mari yekupa , Fed yakabvumira kuti mari inowira makumi matatu muzana. Izvi zvakagadzira kuparadzanisa kukuru, uko mitengo yakaderera 10 muzana gore negore. Sezvo vanhu vaitarisira mitengo shoma, vakanonoka kutenga. Imba yemasimba yakaderera 25 muzana. Vanhu vakarasikirwa nemisha yavo. Yaiva makore gumi anoparadza, ayo maererano neHurumende Yokudengenyeka , yakatanga muna August 1929 uye yakapera munaJune 1938.
Kana imwe nguva kuderera kwekunetseka kwezvemari kunotora, zvakaoma kumira. I "Basa Ritsva" rakagadzira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvehurumende kupedzisa Kuora Kwemhirizhonga, asi zvirongwa zvehurumende chete hazvikwanisi kuita mano. Ushaya hwuri kuramba huri muhuwandu-huwandu kusvika muna 1941, apo US kupinda muHondo Yenyika II yakagadzira mabasa akazvidzivirira. Kukwidziridzwa kwekugadzira kwakange kwakaderera munguva yekutambudzika kwemakore gumi. Kuvakwazve kwekuita hondo kunoreva zvakawanda zvekusika mabasa. Ndiko nokuti simba idzva raifanira kuvakwa.
Kudzivirira
Vanhu vazhinji vanoshushikana kuti nyika inogona kuwana humwe hurombo hwehupfumi. Chero bedzi iwe unonzwisisa kuoma kwekuora mwoyo kwechokwadi, unoona kuti tauya pasipo pedo mumakore apfuura.
Chokutanga, kuora mwoyo pamwero we1929 hakukwanisi kuitika nenzira iyo yakaitwa kare. Mitemo yakawanda uye masangano ehurumende akaiswa panzvimbo nekuda kweKupera Kwekukuru. Chinangwa chavo chakanga chiri chokudzivirira chero humwe hwemhando iyoyo yekurwadziwa kwezvematongerwe enyika.
Chechipiri, mabhizimusi ari pakati penyika yose, kusanganisira Federal Reserve, anoziva zvakakosha kukosha kwekusimudzira hupfumi nematongerwo emari . Mukati, mabhandi ekumusoro akaita nenzira yakarongeka yekudzivirira kuora mwoyo munaOctober 2008 nekudzinga mabhanga . Vakaderedza nhamba yezvibereko, kupemha chikwereti uye kushandiswa mune zvemari pasi rose.
Izvi zvakare zvakadzorera kuvimba pakati pevashandi vebhengi, avo vakanga vasingadi kupa chikwereti kune mumwe nemumwe vachitya kutora chikwereti chemari chechipiri chechipiri sechikwata.
Chechitatu, Fed yakagadzirisa hurongwa hwehutengo hwekutsvaga huri kutarisirwa kudzivirira kusarudzwa kunobatanidza nekudengenyeka kwenyika yose. Somugumisiro, iyo Fed ichaenderera mberi nekuwedzera mitemo yemari yekuchengetedza kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwenyika pa 2 muzana.
Pane zvakawanda zvekuti mutemo wezvemari unogona kuita pasina mutemo wemari . Muna 2009, mari yekusimudzira mari inobatsira kudzivirira kuora mwoyo nekusimudzira hupfumi. Asi hukuru hunoshamisa hwekukwereta kwemari chikwereti mari yehurumende . Kushanda pamwe chete, mutemo wemari uye wezvemari inogona kudzivirira imwe kudengenyeka kwenyika yose. Hazvikwanisiki kuti Great Depression inogona kuitika zvakare.