Sei uye Sei Akashandiswa muUnited States, Europe neGreece
Hurumende haifaniri kushandisa matanho kunze kwekumanikidzwa kuita kudaro nekambani yezvisungo kana vamwe vatengi. Izvozvo ndezvikuti zviyero izvi zvinoshanda sechinangwa chekubhadhara mari . Vanononoka kuwedzera kwehupfumi. Izvozvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuwedzera mari inoda kubhadhara chikwereti chakakosha.
Kunyoresa matanho kunoda kuchinja mumahurumende ehurumende anoti:
- Deredzai mitemo yebasa risina basa.
- Wedzerai mukana wekufanirwa kwekusiya basa uye kubatsirwa kwehutano.
- Kuderedza mibairo yevashandi vehurumende, kubatsirwa uye maawa.
- Dhura mapurogiramu evarombo.
Kuenzanisa kwezviyero zvinosanganisirawo hutano hwemitero iyo:
- Kuresa mitero yemari, kunyanya kune vapfumi.
- Target ufeve hwemitero uye kutora mutero.
- Kuita kuti hurumende dzive nemabhizimisi. Izvi zvinowanzotengeswa maindasitiri anofungidzirwa zvakakosha kune chido chehurumende. Zvinosanganisira zvibatsiro, kutakura, uye kuterevhizheni. Kuvatengesa kuchaunza mari yekubhadhara chikwereti.
- Kuwedzerwa mutengo wandiwedzerwa.
Zvimwe zviito zvinotadzisa zvinoderedza mitemo yekuderedza mari dzebhizimisi. Vanoda hurumende ku:
- Bvisa zvimwe zvekudzivirirwa pakusagadzikana kwekutadza.
- Pasi kana kubvisa mubayiro waro .
- Wedzera maawa evashandi.
Kurongeka kwezviyero zvisingatauri zvose zvekuchinja uku.
Inobva pane mamiriro enyika.
Chikonzero nei Nyika dzichibvumirana neMatambudziko
Nyika dzinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dzirege kudzivirira mhaka yechikwereti . Ndiko apo vatengi vanove vachinetseka kuti nyika ichasara pane chikwereti chayo . Izvo zvinoitika apo chikwereti-kusvika-chakakosha chibereko chemukati chikawana chinopfuura 90 muzana.
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti chikwereti chakanga chakaita sezvinoitwa nehupfumi hwenyika mugore. Vanokweretesa vanotanga kutanga mari yakawanda yezvikwereti kuti vatsigire ivo kune ngozi yakawanda.
Nhamba yepamusoro yekutora inoreva kuti inoita kuti nyika iwedzere kuderedza chikwereti chayo. Pane imwe nguva, inoziva kuti haikwanisi kuramba ichikwira pane chikwereti. Iyo inotendeukira kune dzimwe nyika kana International Monetary Fund yezvikwereti zvitsva. Mukudzoka kwebhailouts, avo vatengi vatsva vanoda zviyero zvese. Vanongoda havo kubhadhara bankland vachiri kupedza kushandisa uye chikwereti chisingagoneki.
Kurongeka kwezviyero zvinodzosera kuvimba munyika yekubhadharisa bhajeti rekutonga. Izvo zvinorongwa zvigadziriswa zvinogadzira hutano hwakanyanya uye zvinotsigira chikamu chakavanzika chega. Semuenzaniso, kutarisa vatengesi vemitero kunounza mari yakawanda pavanotsigira avo vanobhadhara mitero. Kunyanya kukoshesa makambani ehurumende kunogona kuunza unyanzvi hwekunze kune dzimwe nyika. Inokurudzirawo kutora mungozi uye inowedzera mhizha yacho pachayo. Kuisa VAT kunodzora kutengesa kunze kwekuita kuti vawedzere mari. Izvi zvinochengetedza maindasitiri emunharaunda, zvichivabvumira kuti zvikure uye zvibatsire kuhupfumi.
Mienzaniso
IGreece isinganzwisisiki maitiro anotarisirwa mutero kuchinja. Vatengesi vaida kuGreece kuti vadzorezvezve mari yezvekusungirirwa mari inopararira kune evaders.
Dare racho rinotaridzika 1,700 rakakwirira-pfuma uye vanhu vanozvishandira kuti vaongorore. Yakaderedzawo mahofisi nemahofisi uye kuisa zvinangwa zvevatariri.
Mimwe miitiro chaiyo inoda kuGreece kuti:
- Deredza huwandu hwehupfumi hwehurumende ne 150 000.
- Vanowanikwa pasi pevashandi vehurumende ne17 muzana.
- Kuderedza mari yepensheni inopfuura 1 200 euro pamwedzi kubva 20-40 muzana.
- Simudza mitero yepaimba ne3-16 euro pamera mita.
- Kuchenesa kupisa mafuta ekusimbisa.
Hurumende yeGreece yakabvumira kubhadhara mabhiriyoni makumi matatu emamiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora ematunhu ehurumende gore ra2014. Yakapikirawo kutengesa mamwe mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emamiriyoni emari muna 2015. IMF Memorandum inopa mamwe mashoko pamusoro peizvi.
Kukanganisa, kutengesa mitero, uye kuderedzwa kunobatsira kuderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi. Pakazosvika gore ra2012, chikwereti cheGreece-kusvika-GDP chikave che 175 muzana, chimwe chepamusoro-soro munyika yose.
Bondholders vaifanira kugamuchira 75 muzana kuderedza pane zvavakakweretwa. Kukura kweGreece kunosanganisira 25 muzana yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabasa, mhirizhonga dzezvematongerwe enyika, uye mari isina simba yebhengi. Zivo pamusoro pezvinetso zveGrisi zvekukweretesa zvinopa ruzivo rwakajeka rwechipi chinokanganisa chikwereti chinokonzera.
European Union - Dambudziko rechikwereti rechiGiriki rakakonzera dambudziko muEurozone . Mabanki akawanda eEurope akanga aita mari muzvinabhizimisi zveGiriki uye chikwereti chikuru. Dzimwe nyika, seIreland, Portugal, neItaly, dzaive dzakanyanya kupfuura. Vakashandisa zvishoma kuderera kwechikwereti semari senhengo dzeEurozone. Dambudziko rezvemari ra2008 rakakunda nyika idzi zvakaoma. Somugumisiro, vaida bhailouts kuti varambe vasina kukanganisa chikwereti chavo chekutonga.
Italy - Muna 2011, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi akawedzera mari yekuchengetedza utano. Akacherawo rubatsiro kune hurumende dzenharaunda, mhuri yemitero inobatsira, uye pensions yevapfumi. Vakamuvhota kunze kwehofisi. Akatora nzvimbo, Mario Monti, akakurudzira mutero kune vapfumi, akakwidziridza kukodzera mazera emapensheni, uye akatevera vateereri vemitero.
Ireland - Muna 2011, hurumende yakachera mubhadharo wevashandi ne5 muzana. Yakaderedza hutano hwakanaka uye kubatsirwa kwevana uye zvivako zvemapurisa akapfigwa
Portugal - Hurumende yakavhara mubhadharo ne5 muzana yevashandi vakuru vehurumende. Yakasimudza VAT ne1 muzana uye yakawedzera mitero kune vapfumi. Inogura zvemauto uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Yakawedzerwa mararamiro.
Spain - Spain inopisa hurumende yevashandi 'mibare uye kuderedzwa kwebhajheji ne16,9 muzana. Iko yakasimudza mutero kune vapfumi. Yakawedzerawo mitero yefodya ne 28 muzana.
United Kingdom - IU UK yakabvisa mabasa ehurumende makumi mashanu nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mashanu, uye yakawedzera makore ekurasira kubva pa65 kusvika ku66 kusvika muna 2020. Yakagadzirisa mutero wekubhadhara mari kune vatsigiri, kutapudzwa kwevana vaduku, uye kukwidza mitero yefodya.
France - Hurumende yakavhara mitero yemitero. Icho chakasiya mafambiro ezvemari. Yakawedzera mitero pamakambani uye vapfumi.
Germany - Hurumende yeGermany inoderedza rubatsiro kuvabereki. Yakabvisa mabasa ehurumende zviuru gumi uye yakasimudza mitero pamasimba enyukireya.
United States - Kunyange zvazvo iyo isina kumbobvira ichinzi nezita "zvinyorwa zvitsva," zvigadziro zvekuderedza chikwereti chenyika yeUnited States chakatora chikwata chegore ra2011. Chimwe chikonzero pamusoro pezvikwereti izvi zvakakonzera kukwereta kwechikwereti cheUnited States . Kushandisa kudhura uye kuwedzerwa kwemitero kwakava nyaya. Congress yakaramba kubvuma Gore reMari gore ra2014 gore ra2011, zvichida kupfigira hurumende. Yakadzivisa njodzi kuburikidza nekubvumirana pamusoro pemari shoma yekucheka.
MunaJuly, Congress yakatyisidzira kusakwereta kune chikwereti cheUnited States kuburikidza nekusimudza chikwereti chivako . Iyo zvakare yakadzivisa njodzi apo mapato maviri akabvumirana neBipartisan Commission kuti adzidze nyaya yacho. Congress yakaisawo mari yekugadzirisa bhajeti kana pasina chakagadziriswa. Izvi zvinotarisirwa 10 kubva muzana bhajeti yakagadziriswa yaizoitika, pamwe chete nemitambo yezvikwereti, mumamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa sematombo emari . Congress yakagadzirisa iyo nechibvumirano chekupedzisira. Yakanonoka kuchengetedza, yakasimudza mutero kune vapfumi, uye yakabvumira 2 muzana yemitero yemitero yechikwereti kupera.
Sei Maitiro Austerity Kazhinji Usashanda
Pasinei nechinangwa chavo, matanho ematambudziko anowedzera kukanganisa chikwereti. Izvi ndezvokuti vanoderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi. Muna 2012, IMF yakabudisa mushumo wakataura kuti hutengo hweEurotone hunogona kunge hwakaderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi uye hwakanyanya kupisa dambudziko rematokari. Asi EU yakadzivirira zviyero. Iti ivo vakadzorera kuvimba kuti nyika dzakapiwa sei. Semuenzaniso, kubhadhara mari yeItaly kwakanyaradza varimi vainetseka, avo vakagamuchira kudzoka kwakaderera nekuda kwedambudziko ravo. Chisungo cheItaly chinobereka chinodonha. Nyika yakawana zviri nyore kupfuurira pane chikwereti kwenguva pfupi.
Nguva yekugadzirisa zviyero zvese. Haisi nguva yakanaka apo nyika iri kutambura kubuda kunze kwenyika. Kuderedza kushandiswa kwehurumende uye kuvhara vashandi kunoderedza kukura kwehupfumi uye kuwedzera kushaya basa. Ndizvo zvakaita hurumende pachayo inokosha yeGDP . Saizvozvowo, kusimudzira mitero yekambani kana mabhizimisi ari kutambura achangokonzera kukanganisa. Kurera mitero yemari inotora mari inotora mari kubva muhomwe dzevatengi, vachivapa zvishoma kuti vashandise.
Nguva yakanakisisa yehutano hwakanaka ndeye apo hupfumi huri mune chikamu chokuwedzera chebhizimisi . Kushandiswa kwemari kunokonzera kukura kusvika kune utano hwemazana 2-3 kubva muzana uye kudzivisa kubheta. Panguva imwecheteyo, ichasimbisa vatengesi muzvikwereti zvehurumende izvo hurumende inotarisira mari.