Zvikonzero Zvishanu Nei Kubatsira kweAmerica Kukurazve
Bhizinesi dzokugadzira dzinosanganisira zvirimwa, mafekitari, uye mishonga. Vanoita zvigadzirwa zvavo nemichina inotungamirirwa nesimba uye zvishandiso. Inosanganisirawo zviduku uye zvemabhizimisi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviite nemaoko.
Zvinosanganisira zviyo zvekugadzira, mashizha emasipi, uye vatambi vemitambo.
Manufacturing inosanganisirawo makambani anobvumirana nevamwe kuti vaite zvinhu. MuUnited States, haina kusanganisira dzimba nekutengeserana.
US yekugadzira ndiyo yakakura munyika. Inobereka 18.2 muzana yezvinhu zvenyika. Izvo zvinodarika hupfumi hwose hweCanada , Korea, kana Mexico . Asi hutungamiri hweAmerica hunotyisidzirwa nepamusoro yekushandisa mari. Izvozvo zvinopa kukwikwidzana kune dzimwe nyika. Chokutanga pakati peChina . Mahwendefa ayo asingadhuri anoshandisa 17.6 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvenyika.
Kukosha kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu muUnited States Economy
Kugadzirwa ndiro chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chezvinhu zvakakomba zvemiti . Muna 2016, yaiva $ 2.25 trillion. Izvozvo zvakaita kuti 11,7 muzana yeUnited States inowanikwa. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvinosanganisira hafu yeAmerican exports.
Kushambadzira kunowedzera huwandu hukuru kune simba rehupfumi hweUnited States .
Dhora roga roga rakashandiswa mukugadzira rinowedzera $ 1.89 mubhizimisi kukura kune mamwe mabasa anobatsira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubhadharazve , kutakura, uye mabhizinesi.
IUnited States ine mamiriyoni 12,5 emabasa ekugadzira . Izvozvo zvinoshandisa 8.5 muzana yevashandi. Aya mabasa anobhadhara 12 muzana kupfuura mamwe ose.
Muna 2015, vakagamuchira madhora 82,023 pamushandi. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubatsira. Ndiyo $ 26.50 paawa. Asi, mabasa anopfuura 600 000 achiri kutarisira vashandi vane unyanzvi hwakanaka.
Trends
Manufacturing yakashandiswa kuva chikamu chikuru chehupfumi hweUnited States. Muna 1970, yaiva 24.3 muzana yeGDP, yakawanda kupfuura iyo nhasi.
America inopinza sezvo mutori wenyika anotungamira zvakare akatsika. Muna 1985, yakabudisa 28 muzana yezvinhu zvenyika. Izvi ndezvokuti makambani akangowedzera 1.1 kubva muzana gore kubvira ipapo. Izvozvo zvishoma nezvishoma kudarika 2.3 muzana yehuwandu yekuwedzera kwehupfumi hwehupfumi.
Iyo inononoka kudarika ivo vatengi vedu vatengesi. China yakakura 9,8 muzana; India , 5.1 muzana; Germany, 3.6 muzana; United Kingdom, 2.8 muzana; Canada, 2.7 muzana; uye Japan, 1.9 muzana.
Zvikonzero zvekutadza
Chikonzero chakanyanya kuchinja kune hupfumi hwebasa. Bhengi uye mamwe mabasa ezvemari akatanga kuwedzera shure kwe1999, apo Congress yakaparadza Glass-Steagall Act .
Utano hwehutano hwakawedzera zvakare. Yakakura kubva ku5 kubva muzana yehupfumi muna 1960 kusvika 18 muzana muna 2015. Muna 1965, hurumende yakatanga kupa rubatsiro kuchipatara mari iyo yakagadzira Medicare neMedicaid. Yaiva chimwe chikonzero chekuwedzera kwehutano hwekutarisira .
Nhepfenyuro yehutano yehutano yakabvumawo kune vakwegura vechizvarwa chechizvarwa.
Kuchinja kuhupfumi hwehupfumi hwemabasa kwakaitika kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakafanana. Asi iyo indasitiri yeUnited States yakasara mugove wenyika yose. Nyika shoma dzakasimudzika, dzakadai seChina, dzakawedzera zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.
Chimwe chinhu chinopa hupenyu hwepamusoro hweUnited States hwakaenzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. Izvo zvinoita kuti kushanda kunodhura zvakakura kune dzimwe nyika. Vashandi vemuU.S. havagoni kukwikwidzana nemitengo yakadhura yakagadzirwa nevashandi vashoma vanobhadhara muChina, Asia, neMexico. Somuenzaniso, unyanzvi auto worker muDetroit inogadzira $ 58 awa, kusanganisira mubairo uye kubatsirwa. Icho chinofananidzwa ne $ 8 neawa yevashandi vekuMexico.
Asi huwandu hwematongerwo enyika huri kuderedzawo kukwikwidzana kweUnited States.
Izvo zvinoita kuti US inotengesa inodhura 20 muzana yakakwirira, kunyange kana basa rekushanda risina kubatanidzwa. Kutanga, kutevedzera mitemo kunoshandisa $ 180.5 bhiriyoni, inenge 11 muzana yekutengesa kwenyika.
Chechipiri, mutero wekutora muna 2011 waiva 37.65 muzana. Iyo yakakwirira kudarika France pa 34.1 kubva muzana uye kaviri yakawanda seChina pa16,6 muzana. Iyo katatu iyo yeTaiwani pa10,1 muzana ine yepasi yakaderera mutengo.
Chechitatu, dzimwe nyika dzinoita zviri nani pakubvunzurudza zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana kusingabhadharwi . Vanoderedza mitero uye mari yekutengesa kunze. Izvozvo zvinoderedza zvinodhura zvekutengesa nokuti mutengo wezvinotengeswa zvekushandisa hauna mari shoma.
Outlook
Kugadzirwa kunofanirwa kuwedzera nokukurumidza kudarika hupfumi huzhinji. Kubudirira kuchakura 3.0 muzana muna 2017 uye 2.8 muzana muna 2018. Kukura kunononoka ku 2.6 muzana muna 2019 uye 2.0 muzana muna 2020.
Zvinhu zvishanu zvitsva zvinokonzera izvi kukura. Kutanga kuwedzera zvibereko . Chikamu ichocho chinokonzerwa nemichina itsva, yakadai se 3-D kudhinda. Chechipiri ndeyekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemukati wegasi yemhepo uye shale mafuta . Nhasi mitengo yegesi yakakonzera mishonga yakawanda inoshandiswa pakugadzira zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Zvose zvinowedzera kubudirira uye kutsika kwemafuta emafuta kunoderedza mari yekudyara kweUnited States.
Chikonzero chechitatu chiri kukura mubhadharo mumashamba ekubuda. Sezvo mararamiro ehupenyu achivandudza munyika yose, vashandi vemo vanoda mari yakawanda. Mamwe mahofisi ekufambisa ari kubva kuIndia kuNebraska nokuti mibairo yakafanana uye basa riri nani. Danai kudengesa kushandiswa kushandiswa kuva tsika. Asi makambani anotanga kubudazve kubva kumba. Iko mari yekudaidza nzvimbo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeUnited States dzave dzikwikwidzana.
Chechina, makambani anoona kudiwa kwekuchengetedza pamba pfuma yeimba. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seChina, dzinobvumira mafaira ekukopa maitiro eSU ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa. Vanoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti vaite "kugogodza" izvo zvavanogona kutengesa zvishoma. Ndiyo imwe chikonzero vamwe vanogadzira vanosarudza kuramba vari muAmerica.
Pakupedzisira, uye zvichida zvishoma, kuziva kwevatengi "Yakagadzirwa muAmerica" kunoreva mabasa eAmerica. Kune rumwe rutivi, vatengesi vokuUnited States vanofarira chaizvo kuwana zvakanakisisa zvebhadharo yavo. Havadi kubhadhara zvakawanda kune iyo American label.
Maererano neongororo yakabva kuAlixPartners, 37 muzana yevashandi vangada kuwana muUnited States. Izvo zvakaenzana kune avo vangada Mexico. Ndizvo zviri nyore kuti zvive nyore kusvika kumhenderekedzo huru yeNorth America. Izvo zviri nani kupinda muna 2011 apo 19% chete ndivo vangasarudza United States.
Zvinosuruvarisa, kukura hakuzoshanduri mune kuwedzera kweUnited States mabasa . Izvozvo ndezvokubudirira kwekubudirira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwemakombiyuta, robotics, uye dzimwe nzira dzinobudirira. Iyo mitsva inoshandiswa inosikanwa inoda unyanzvi hwekombiyuta-hunekodzero yekugadzirisa mabhoti.
Chirongwa cheTump Pamusoro pekugadzira
Mutungamiri Donald Trump anovimbisa kudzosa mabasa kumashure. Akavimbisa mutero wakagadzirwa nevashambadzi veUnited States uye mitero yakakwirira kune avo vanovaka kunze kwemhirizhonga. Anofanira kuita izvi zvinokurudzira zvakaenzana nemari yekuwedzera yeUnited States. Kana zvisina kudaro, hazvikwanisi kudzosa mabasa. Chirongwa chekusika basa reTrump chinangwa chekuita mabasa emamiriyoni 25 mumakore 10 anotevera.
I National Association of Manufacturers inorumbidza hurongwa hwaTrump kuderedza mitero nemitemo. Inotsigirawo sarudzo yake yekuvandudza hutano hwehupfumi. Asi zvinosarudza kuti aumbe zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekutengeserana , panzvimbo yekutora kubva kuTrans-Pacific Partnership uye North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement . Inokurudzirawo kuvandudzwa kwesayenzi, teknolojia, unyanzvi, uye unyanzvi hwematunhu ekushanda kweAmerica.